phobia. On visiting him, he was satisfied that such was the case; and he bled him and gave him some purgative medicine, and after that calomel and opium. At a few minutes past one of the same day, I saw him along with Dr. Cuddie and Dr. Ogston.

The instant we entered the room, and passed the end of the bed, which was close to the door, but covered, the boy started up with a scream, and placed himself in a sitting position in the farthest corner of it. My impression at that instant, and all the time I saw him, was, that I had never seen any thing like his appearance, but that of a child who had been greatly frightened, and not recovered from the fright. His countenance was anxious and unsettled, but not flushed or cadaveric. The predominant expression was that of extreme fright and terror. His eyes had a peculiarly unsettled but not wild expression. In a few seconds he was reconciled to our presence, but frequently sprung up to the sitting posture with a scream, and put his hand to his throat, as if he were choking, at the same time throwing his head up, as if he wished to inhale deeply. He would then handle or move the bed-clothes, but without any apparent determinate object; then sigh frequently and deeply, and become quieter. In a few minutes, again, the same was repeated. Sometimes he raised himself more than half out of bed, but raised his chin as if to lengthen his neck, and carried his hand to the throat and the breast. At these times there was an evident catch in the breathing, or difficult inspiration. There was in the intervals of these spasms of the throat jactitation of the body, and twisting of the mouth, particularly drawing down of the angle of the mouth on the same side as the bite. He very frequently gave something between a sigh and a moan; he retched occasionally, and brought up a frothy fluid like saliva, which was adhesive and stringy. Whatever he did was in a basty manner: and his question "Fat," Aberdonice for what, when he did not understand us, was given in a startled way, not that he was frightened at us, but as if under fright from some other cause. On offering to touch him, be started up to the further corner of the bed; but, in an instant, on telling him that we wanted to feel his arm, he put it out to us. The same took place on offering to touch any part of his body; but on coaxing him a little, he took my hand, and conveyed it himself, first to his left arm-pit, and then to the back of his neck; but he had the greatest sensitiveness in regard to touch, and no deliberate examination of any part could be made from his restlessness and uneasiness. When questions were put to him, he spoke sensibly, but hurriedly, and always as if in alarm. He appeared to take no interest in the conversation we had with his mother as to the history of the case, nor to regard our presence or look much at us, the frequent paroxysms keeping him in a constant state of alarm and pain. There was no matter or inflammatory redness about the scars on the wrist. His pulse, as far as could be ascertained, was very weak and rapid, about 120; the skin was cool; he had made urine, and his bowels had been fully opened; he had vomited (he told Dr. Cuddie) all his medicine. His mother stated that he had had a swelling in his arm-pit two or three days before, but, as far as he allowed examination, nothing of the kind could be felt. The blood taken in the morning was in a dark clot, and so soft that the probe could not raise it, but passed through it. A tin tumbler of water was offered him, which he rejected with a start; but on again coaxing him, he agreed to take a drink, provided he got a spoon and a plate. He then took two or three spoonfuls of the water into the plate, and took a spoonful of the fluid from the latter, which be swallowed. His hands shook much, and he darted the spoonful to his mouth suddenly, after having as it were made up his mind to swallow the water, but immediately after retching and vomiting took place.

Before we left him I poured some water from a height on the plate without his seeing me, and he instantly projected his hands in a supplicating attitude, with a countenance of extreme terror, and then buried himself under the bed-clothes. Dr. Cuddie stated the symptoms to have been the same

in the morning, but that the pulse was stronger and the spasms more frequent. In the evening, at half past seven, he was taking some porridge and milk; but his pulse was scarcely to be felt; the skin was cold, and his face was congested. He was also somewhat delirious, and inclined to be talkative, and rather witty with Dr. Cuddie, whom he best knew. He died about 11, in one of the paroxysms, according to his mother's statement.

The body was examined by the same parties, and Mr. Fraser, surgeon, nineteen hours after death.

The throat, chest, abdomen, head, and spine, were most carefully examined, but nothing particularly deserving notice observed. The tongue was indented on the sides by the teeth, and there was some adhesive mucus on the palate. The glottis and pharynx were natural. The spaces betwixt the rings of the trachea were somewhat vascular. The esophagus was pale as usual, except close to the cardiac opening, where the tint was pinkish. The mucous coat of the stomach was marked by some spots composed of close red dots. The intestines, particularly the colon, were much distended with air, and giving out the smell of turpentine, of which he had an enema.

The lungs were rather congested. The heart contained semi-fluid blood in both ventricles. The liver was natural.

The kidneys were rather vascular.

The brain was natural; or if any change, it was that the great commissure and corpora striata were rather soft. Bubbles of air were observed in the veins; and not half an ounce of fluid in the brain. Some fluid was found in the theca of the spinal canal. The chord was in some places more vascular than usual; but as to this all were not of one mind.

The body was pale; the lips rather blue; the joints stiff. The largest scar was close to the wrist on its internal and anterior side. It was jagged and irregular on the edge. On laying open the part, it was found to be placed over the ligament binding down the tendons, and immediately over the ulnar nerve, but not penetrating to it. There was no purulent matter, nor signs of inflammatory action. The other scar was on the back of the metacarpal bone of the thumb, but was healed up, or left only a slight mark. It was found immediately over the posterior branch of the muscular spiral, but there were no appearances of the bite having gone through the cellular tissue. The nerves were perfectly healthy, and no appearance of any inflammation of the absorbents in the arms was recognised. There was no swelling in the arm-pit.

CASE 2.-G. G., aged 28, married, a stout, muscular farm-servant, was admitted into St. Nicholas' Ward about 2 P. M. on Monday, the 12th August, 1839, with symptoms of hydrophobia.

He stated, that on the 7th of July, on attempting to tie up a dog, which was supposed to be unwell, he was bitten in the right fore-arm near the wrist, and in the fore and upper part of the right thigh. To both wounds caustic was freely applied soon after the injury, and they were then dressed with basilicon and poultices until they healed, which took place in about a fortnight. He then remained free from complaint, excepting a degree of weakness, until the 7th of August, (five days ago,) when he felt occasional sharp pains in the fingers and right arm, extending towards the axilla, with numbness and diminution of power in the whole extremity. He continued at his work, however, until Saturday, the 10th, when the pain in the arm increased, and extended to his neck. He then applied for medical aid. He was ordered a dose of calomel and jalap, with a mixture containing Mist. Camphora, iii.; Solut. Muriat. Morph. zi. M., of which he was to take a table-spoonful occasionally.

On Sunday (11th) he was restless from oppression about the chest, with some sense of choking. He had not taken the mixture as prescribed; the powder had operated well; the pain in arm was less severe, but the arm was still numbed. His appetite was good, and he ate on this night a hearty sup

per before going to bed. He had not been asleep long when he was awoke by an oppressive sense of choking, from a feeling as if a lump lay at his chest, with increased pain in the right arm, and which he distinctly described as extending to his throat and chest, with almost total loss of power of the extremity. When he got up to drink some toast and water to quench his thirst, which was very urgent, he found he could not swallow it; and when he again tried and succeeded, the effort was followed by so severe a paroxysm of agitation, choking, and profuse perspiration, as, to use his own words, "almost destroyed him." He slept none after this, and continued restless.

When first seen on admission into the hospital on the 12th, he was being fed by the nurse (out of a white vessel) with bread and milk, of which he was reported to have swallowed, though with difficulty, some spoonfuls. He complained much of want of sleep; was tranquil in manner; occasionally sighed deeply, but without irregular breathing; said the cold air annoyed him, and requested the door to be kept shut, and then gave the foregoing account of his complaint.

He expressed no disinclination to take fluids when offered him; but it was evident the resolution produced anxiety; and when the vessel was brought near him, his eye glistened, and his frame and manner became agitated and flurried, but without actual spasm. The impression on my mind at the moment was an unwilling compliance, or wished for evasion of the question, as he entreated in rapid succession not to be hurried, to give it in a spoon, and that it should be warm. Warm fluids produced less uneasiness than cold, and solids less than either. The cicatrices presented nothing unusual; they were very slightly tender, of a deep purple colour, without induration, and partially covered with a loosely adherent scale. Both arms were numbed, particularly the right or bitten arm, with which he was unable to lift any thing. He could, however, raise it to his head when requested. He had no numbness or uneasiness in the lower extremities. The pulse was about 100; tongue covered with a thick, tenacious, white coating, but moist; the body was covered with perspiration.

B. Camphora; Calomelanos a. gr. iii.; Opii Pulv. gr. i. M. Ft. pilul. ii. statim sumendæ.

8 P. M. He had several short sleeps. From the first he awoke agitated and alarmed, from the others quietly. He took some warm bread and milk with a little difficulty, but shrunk from cold water. He thought himself not so well. Had frequent eructations during the visit, which, each time, was followed by a slight tremor and uneasy motion of his body. On requesting him to drink, he was thrown into violent agitation before it had approached him, attended with catching and deep hurried inspirations, and he begged us to desist. Shortly after this he swallowed one or two spoonfuls hastily, and with much difficulty, perspiration continuing profuse. The tongue and pulse were much as at last report. He was ordered two pills containing Calomel. gr. iv. Opii, gr. ii. Camphor. gr. iii. every four hours, and the following liniment to his back and breast: Tinet. Opii, Zi. Spt. Camph. 3ss. Aq. Ammon. 3. M. A turpentine enema was directed to be given.

August 13, 9 a. M. Had taken six of the pills ordered last night, and he had slept several times quietly though shortly until 5 A. M. when he took the last pills. Soon after this he was attacked with violent spasmodic retching, with a copious flow of glutinous frothy saliva from the mouth, mixed with dark streaks, apparently blood. He complains much of a disagreeable taste in mouth, with a sense of burning at epigastrium and throat. The breathing not so hurried or oppressed, neither has he the same dread of liquids, having, he says, helped himself to some cold water. A pill of croton oil and erumb of bread, ordered at 6 A. M. has only now been taken, after much persuasion and increased difficulty. Feels inclined to eat, but positively refuses to take more medicine. The enema produced no effect. Pulse about 120; tongue more furred; sweating still profuse.

Noon. He is reported to have taken some biscuit soaked in tea, with little difficulty, and continued quiet and tolerably comfortable until half past 11, when the retching and flow of saliva returned. Has talked at times incoherently, affirming that he has been poisoned, and all around him have conspired to murder him. At present he is quiet, but his expression of countenance is more anxious; spoke sensibly; and, when requested, took a spoonful of water with less apparent reluctance and difficulty than last night; pulse 130. He was directed to have immediately a teaspoonful of laudanum, to be repeated every third hour; and a purgative enema. About an hour after this, whilst I was visiting the other patients in the ward adjoining his closet, he became violently agitated, threw himself about in bed, talking loudly and incoherently, while the frothy saliva flowed copiously from his mouth, but without retching. The perspiration ran from his face. This attack appeared to have been brought on by an occurrence in the ward,-a patient having suddenly expired, whose last shriek he appeared to associate with the cry of his child, about whom and his wife he raved. The paroxysm soon passed off, and he became submissive, lay with his eyes half closed, and swallowed a teaspoonful of laudanum with little persuasion or difficulty. In the afternoon had several similar paroxysms of agitation. The laudanum was repeated, but was immediately rejected. The pills and the enema he positively refused. About 6 P. M. he vomited a considerable quantity of a blackish fluid, resembling coffee-grounds, after which he lay in a state of collapse for about five minutes, when the whole body (right arm excepted, which was uncovered, and hanging over the side of the bed,) became cold, and covered with a clammy sweat. About 7 P. M. the same symptoms returned, with a similar termination, and again about twenty-five minutes to 8 P. M. when, at the close of the paroxysm, he ceased to breathe. In the intervals between the vomiting, he was at times composed and spoke sensibly, but more generally raved on the old theme of being poisoned; but during the whole time he knew and called those around him by their names.

An inspection was not granted by his friends.

CASE 3.-2d October, 1839. Mrs. D—, aged 52, married, the mother of a family, and of sober and regular habits, but of a nervous temperament and easily excited, had been complaining of what she thought was a cold since the afternoon of Thursday, 26th September, on which day she received a fright from a cat destroying a favourite bird of her son's. On Saturday, the 28th, she was out at market; and on that day she told her family that she was dying, and requested them to send for medical advice to save reflections.

When visited on Sunday at 4 o'clock, she was found complaining of diffi culty of swallowing, especially fluids, attended with occasional fits of dyspnoea, and inability of remaining at rest in bed. On offering her any thing, she felt a great sense of choking and suffocation, and she snapt at what was offered to her, or took it in a hurried and jerky manner. She had a great terror at liquids, although she complained of much thirst. Her pulse was not quick, but weak; her mouth clammy.

On Monday (30th) she was in much the same state; slept very little, and when she did so, always awoke with a sense of suffocation. She preferred sitting up by the fire to being in bed. Bowels opened by laxative medicines. Had been ordered an antispasmodic mixture.

Tuesday (1st October). Spasms and excitement worse, but with difficulty had swallowed a little biscuit and tea. Was continually talking, but answered questions distinctly. Fancied she saw persons about her; had no sleep; had the same horror when any thing was put to her mouth, and snapt at it as before. At 1 o'clock she was in a convulsive fit, with twitchings of eyelids and cheeks, and mouth open, with the tongue partially protruded. She died at 3 o'clock, forty-seven hours from the period she was first visited. The body was examined twenty-one hours after death. In the brain every

part was natural, except that the left thalamus was internally of a slightly pinkish hue, and the consistence not, on the whole, so firm as the other one. The velum interpositum was more than usually vascular, and this state was very remarkable in the situation of the pineal gland. The veins in the pia mater, where it enters the fissure of Sylvius, were very tortuous and large, but empty.

The viscera of the chest were natural. The only thing deserving notice in the abdomen was, that the stomach was remarkably small. Its mucous membrane, and that of the œsophagus, were quite healthy.

On considering all that we had observed in this inspection, and taking the symptoms, a few of which had been mentioned to me by the medical gentleman who attended her, in our walking to the house, (the above history having been furnished by him the day after,) I was struck much with the case. From her peculiar temper, it had been looked upon as a nervous affection, or a case of hysteria; but it was stated by the friends that the woman herself was acutely sensible of her horror at liquids, and that she had repeatedly told them she could not take them, but would make the attempt, and that the manner she did so was such as to astonish them all. She had also complained much of the cold air when moving the bed-clothes about her; but they had not observed any thing particular in her appearance, nor heard her make any complaint on the door being opened. The husband also stated that she had retched often, and that what she brought up was froth and "like soap-suds."

I had observed a little dog on entering the passage of the house, and had asked them if the dog was theirs. The husband said that they had had a dog, but that it died about six weeks ago. They could not say what was the matter with it, but it drooped, and could not eat or drink, from its tongue being protruded, and so swelled that it could not get it back into its mouth. It was not vicious, and never had bit any one, nor been bit. In its illness it paddled with its mouth in water put down to it, but could not lap it up from the state of its tongue. It slavered much. The woman was extremely fond of it, and nursed it on her knee frequently. I examined her hands, but saw no scratches or sores. On further inquiries being made at the husband and sons two days afterwards (the woman having been buried), they stated that the dog had come home some time before its death with a cut in its head, but whether by a dog or not they could not say; and they also stated that the deceased had a sore on her arm, which she was in the practice of making the dog lick, in the belief that the doing so would heal the sore.

It was apparent that the friends believed the woman's death was connected with the dog; but they wished it kept quiet, and it was with considerable reluctance they gave the preceding statement.

ART. III.-MONESIA.

BY A. D. CHALONER, M. D.; AND BY W. S. W. RUSCHEnberger, m. D., U. S. NAVY. Philadelphia, September 18th, 1830.

Dr. R. Dunglison, Dear Sir,-The following notes on a new vegetable substance, called "Monesia," which I had collected, if of any service to you, are at your disposal. Hoping that in them you may find something to repay for their perusal, I remain

Your obedient servant,

A. D. CHALONER, M. D.

During the last winter I received, through the politeness of Dr. Joseph Warrington, (the skilful and accomplished accoucheur of the Philadelphia Dispensary,) a specimen of the bark of a tree from Chili, with a fluid extract of the consistence and colour of tar, made from the bark. The bark