us not only small time to think, but threatens seriously our power of normal feeling, our power to work, and our power to live righteously, to say nothing of our power greatly to lead in the highest things. Let us make it unmistakably clear to ourselves that no fagged man can be at his best. He dooms himself thereby to inferior work, inferior living, and inferior influence. If we are to see conditions normally, and face them with hope and courage, we need to escape fag.

The Need of Physical Training.-The psychical effects of bodily training, already referred to, are not only strong evidence of the influence of bodily conditions on mind and character, but urge most decisively the great importance of such training for the entire higher life of man. The effect of physical exercise upon organic feelings may be referred to here as an additional illustration of this importance; for, in Sully's words, "the organic feelings have a far-reaching effect on the higher emotional life." The almost immediate effect of deep breathing in helping to do away with pathological fears is a closely related phenomenon.2

But there is another side of the matter. The close connection of body and mind means constant mutual interaction; not only the influence of the body on mind, but also the influence of mind on body.

II. THE INFLUENCE OF MIND ON BODY

Bodily conditions, correctly considered, must be viewed not as limitations, but as directions for the accomplishment of our ends, just as in the external world, we can accomplish our ends by observing nature's laws and fulfilling the implied conditions. There are conditions, but they may be made means of power. I have nothing to say here of the mysteries of Christian Science or metaphysical healing, or occultism in any of its forms, but mean to keep close to recognized scientific facts. For, as Professor Jas trow says, "the legitimate recognition of the importance of mental conditions in health and disease is one of the results of the union of modern psychology and modern medicine. An exaggerated and extravagant, as well as pretentious and illogical overstatement and misstatement of this principle, may properly be considered as occult." The facts are, that 1 Fact and Fable in Psychology, p. 26.

self-control is made vastly easier by right bodily conditions, and the normal way to selfcontrol is through fulfilment of those conditions; but the mind may directly affect the body; and to the disciplined will, self-control is possible far beyond the limits of natural physical endurance. Bodily conditions are not omnipotent. "One of the most seductive and mischievous of errors," says Dr. Mortimer Granville, "is the practice of giving way to inertia, weakness, and depression.

Those who desire to live should settle this well in their minds, that nerve power is the force of life, and that the will has a wondrously strong and direct influence over the body, through the brain and nervous system."i

Power of Self-control even in the Insane. -The enormous power of self-control which even the insane (whose very condition is one of abnormal lack of self-control) are able at times to exert, is evidence of this fact. Thus, "a patient," Höffding relates, "once strove for twenty-seven years against hallucinations, which tempted him to attack others. Even his best friends suspected nothing until the day he declared himself vanquished and took

1 Quoted by Lecky, Op. cit., p. 18.

refuge in a lunatic asylum." The result showed, of course, a long-continued and serious diseased condition; but the fact that that condition could be faced and mastered so long, shows what the will can do even in seriously abnormal conditions.

The Will in Determining Conditions of Health. Moreover, the very beginning of improved nervous conditions often lies in the will itself, and in the will alone. Very much can be accomplished by persistent volition.

In Achieving Rest. - "Rest, Miss Brackett justly contends, "cannot be pasted on to one."2 It is an active achievement. Rational living must often begin with a declaration of independence-a persistent lessening of one's pretensions—a steadfast refusal to undertake more than one can do without strain. For many of us there can be no rational living, except by a somewhat rigorous practice of Dr. Trumbull's "duty of refusing to do good." We have assumed too many duties that were not duties for us, and are attempting to do too many things at a time. The burden is never off, the strain

1 Outlines of Psychology, p. 330. Cf. a similar case in James, Op. cit., Vol. II, p. 542.

The Technique of Rest, p. 19.

never remitted. We must resist "the devastator of the day." I am coming quite to believe in the almost inspired wisdom of an old "second reader" saw of my boyhood:

“One thing at a time and that done well

Is a very good rule, as many can tell;

So work while you work, and play while you play,
For that is the way to be cheerful and gay."

The poetry was not sublime, but the sense was good. The persistent practice of that principle made possible the enormous amount of work accomplished by Kingsley and still accomplishing by Edward Everett Hale.

In Avoiding Hurry.-Haste literally makes waste. Few things more certainly and thoroughly muddle the brain than a sense of hurry. One can work rapidly and still with complete self-possession and without hurry. But the peculiar sense of being hurried has a direct physical effect that may often be felt in the brain, and is distinctly confusing. To get on with one's work at all, one must often, by direct effort of the will, resist hurrying, recover his self-possession, and drive his work, instead of being driven by it. There is, sometimes, "possibility of great virtue in simply standing still." Work done in a hurry is work done poorly and at great

F