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and five southeast of Charey.

Heavy artillery activity is reported from the French front, near St. Quentin and north of the Aisne.

The German official report, dealing with the British attack of September 19-20, states that German defenses had been removed eastward in preparation for the attack, and that the British troops were defeated in front of these lines with "exceedingly heavy losses."

September 23.-French troops capture the wood north of Le Fontaine and penetrate through Vendeuil to the Oise. The French now hold the west bank of the Oise for more than half the distance from La Fère to Moy.

London reports hard fighting northwest of St. Quentin with slight advances by the British.

Berlin reports the capture of British prisoners in a raid near Neuve Chapelle, the repulse of infantry-attacks southeast of Epehy, and increased artillery activity near Ypres.

Heavy rains reduce activities on the American-Lorraine front to one American raid, producing but one German prisoner.

September 24.-British and French troops attacking on adjacent fronts, totaling about seven miles west of St. Quentin, capture 1,300 prisoners and four towns. The Allied lines are now less than three miles from St. Quentin.

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Berlin reports the failure of Allied attacks northwest of St. Quentin.

American Headquarters in Lorraine reports an increase in the German artillery fire. Otherwise German activity has been confined to raids and patrolling. American raids net twenty-nine German prisoners.

THE BALKAN FRONT

September 18.-Servian, French, and Greek troops advance an average of ten miles on a front of twenty miles in Macedonia. Four thousand prisoners and fifty guns are reported among the booty. German troops, according to a Servian official statement, have been sent to this front to help the Bulgarian forces, and were put to flight along with the Bulgarians. Gradeshnitsa and Starovina are among the villages reported captured.

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An official statement issued by the German War Office reads: "East of the Cerna the Bulgarians since September 15 have been engaged in fighting French, Servians, and Greeks. German bat

talions have also been employed in repulsing the enemy."

Vienna reports the repulse of Italian attacks in Albania, near the coast. September 19.-British and Greek troops attacking in the region of Lake Doiran, to the east of the French and Servian offensive, gain a foothold in the Bulgarian first positions, notwithstanding stubborn resistance.

Bulgarian troops, driven back through the mountainous region of Rojden and the Balettes Massif, are reported in flight across the Cerna River. Fortyfive villages have fallen to the Servian troops, operating with French and Greek detachments.

The Bulgarian War Office reports violent infantry fighting between the villages of Gradeshnitsa and the Jojorik heights, with the repulse of repeated attacks. Advancing British troops are said to have been repulsed near Lake Doiran. September 20.-London reports the Servians operating on a front of twenty-five miles to a depth from fifteen to seventeen miles. Five thousand prisoners and eighty guns are among the booty. All the Bulgarian trench systems on this front have been penetrated and light cavalry has taken up the pursuit, one unit having crossed the Cerna

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Isla

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twenty miles north of the Sokol
positions.'

British and Greek troops attacking on
both sides of Lake Doiran carry the
Bulgarian outpost lines. A gain of
two thousand yards, more than seven
hundred prisoners, and the repulse of
heavy Bulgarian counter-attacks are
reported.

September 21.--Servian troops east of
Monastir advance more than nine miles
and are reported less than eight miles
from the main highway connecting
Prilep with the Vardar River. Ten
more villages, a great number of pris-
oners, and several guns are reported to
have been captured.

Paris reports that the offensive of the Greeks and British in the Lake Doiran region, which has been marked by furious battles, continues to progress. The Bulgarian War Office announces the repulse of Allied attacks north of Monastir and east of the Cerna. September 22.-Rome reports that Italian troops, in conjunction with the Entente Allied offensive in Macedonia, have captured the front enemy positions in the bend of the Cerna River, to the east of Monastir.

Servian troops, pressing the Bulgarian and German troops in central Macedonia, are reported to be within four miles of the Uskup-Saloniki railroad, the main supply for the Austro-Bulgarian forces in this region. The Bulgarian retreat continues with increasing rear-guard resistance.

September 23.-Advancing on a front of
more than ninety miles, the Allied
armies in Macedonia, says a bulletin
of the French War Office, have passed
the mountain zone formerly held by the
German-Bulgar Army and are moving
swiftly forward on the plains. Prison-
ers, cannon, and enormous quantities of
material are reported captured. North-
east of Monastir the line of Mogoliar,
Kanatlarsy, and Kalyana has been
reached. Further north Servian troops
have reached the Vardar from Gradsko
to Demirkapu.

Rome reports Italian troops in Macedonia
have advanced more than seven miles
and have taken sixteen villages.
The Bulgarian War Office report notes
bitter fighting between the Cerna and
the Vardar. Following the repulse of
the Anglo-Greek attack near Doiran,
says the report, the fighting activity
on this front has diminished in in-
tensity.

September 24.-French cavalry operating

with the Servians capture Prilep, north-
east of Monastir. British forces, fol-
lowing the capture of Doiran, are ad-
vancing to the north, passing Kara and
Oghular, on the east side of the lake.
Strong bodies of Servians are reported
on the eastern bank of the Vardar be-
tween Demirkapu Pass and Krivolak,
covering the passage of the main body
of Servians.

Greek and French troops operating on the
British left are reported at Gurinchet,
a few miles west of the Vardar.
Thus far more than 11,000 prisoners and
140 guns have been counted, in addi-
tion to immense stores of material.

IN PALESTINE

September 19.-British and French forces
in Palestine attack on a front of sixteen
miles between Rafat and the sea and
push forward twelve miles. One body
of English cavalry is reported in the
rear of the Turkish armies in the direc-
tion of Nablus, while another is ad-
yancing toward El Afule and Beisan to
intercept the Turks to the north.
More than three thousand prisoners,
many guns, and large quantities of ma-
terial are among the booty.
September 22.-London reports that the
Turkish Army operating in Palestine
between the Jordan and the Méditerra-

nean has been virtually wiped out by the British and Allied forces, following the overwhelming of the Turkish defense system north of Jerusalem. Eighteen thousand prisoners, 120 guns, four airplanes, and a large quantity of transport are in the hands of the pursuing forces. Cavalry units are reported, sixty miles from their original positions, in occupation of Nazareth, El Áfule, and Beisan. Arab forces of the army of the King of Hejaz cooperated to the eastward by destroying bridges and tearing up railroad lines near Derat. September 23.-London reports 25,000 Turkish prisoners and 260 guns counted in the advance of the British armies northward through Palestine. Having seized the passages of the Jordan at Jisred-Dameer, says the official statement, the last avenue of escape open to the enemy west of the river was closed by British troops. The Seventh and Eighth Turkish armies have virtually ceased to exist, their entire transport having been captured by the British. September 24.-British cavalry capture the port of Haifa, together with the towns of Acre and Es-Salt. The number of prisoners is reported to greatly exceed 25,000, and more than 260 captured guns are reported inside the British lines.

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EVENTS IN RUSSIA

September 19.-A Stockholm dispatch
states that German defeats in the west
have caused a panic among the Baltic
nobility in Esthonia, who fear the with-
drawal of the German garrisons.
London reports the Czecho-Slovak forces
in European Russia badly prest by the
enemy. Within the last ten days
Bolsheviki, assisted by a considerable
number of Germans, have occupied
Volsk, Simbirsk, and Kazan.
Moscow dispatches state that the Czecho-

Slovaks still hold the city of Samara,
which the Bolsheviki claimed to have
taken.

London reports that Baku in Trans-
caucasia has been evacuated by British
detachments.

September 21.-The American Govern

ment through Secretary Lansing ap-
peals to neutral countries to join in a
protest against the "openly avowed
campaign of mass-terrorism" and
"wholesale executions" now being con-
ducted in Russia.

Baku, in Transcaucasia, recently evacu-
ated by the British and occupied by the
Turks, is reported to be on fire.
September 22.-The Petrograd correspon-
dent of the Hamburg Nachrichten re-
ports that the People's Commissary at
Vologda has urged on the population of
the entire province the most gruesome
persecution of British subjects and
French and American citizens.

Riot

ing is taking place in various towns, the
correspondent says, and some French-
men and Americans are being murdered.
A dispatch from Kief by the correspond-
ent of the Leipziger Abendzeitung states
that recently at Kurst a soldier fired
twice at Leon Trotzky, the Bolshevik
Minister of War.

September 23.-Blagovieshtchensk, capital
of the Siberian province of Amur, and
Alexievsk have been occupied by
Japanese cavalry according to informa-
tion received by the Japanese Embassy.
Two thousand Austro-Germans are re-
ported to have been captured at Kokka.
Harbin reports that a proclamation has
been issued by the Japanese saying
that Japan wishes to restore order be-
cause of its friendly feeling for Russia
and not for any selfish motive. The
proclamation declares that any one
causing disorders will be severely
punished. It is believed, says the
dispatch, that the proclamation was
issued because the population declined
to accept notes carried by Japanese
troops, instead of Russian money.

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Amsterdam forwards a Moscow dispatch

to the effect that renewed attempts have been made to assassinate members of the Soviet Government in Russia. As a result there will be fresh measures in reprisal.. September 24.-A dispatch from Vladivostok reports that a conference is being held at Ufa, European Russia, attended by many members of the PanRussian Constituent Assembly. The object of the meeting is to form in Russia a single government with the controlling power vested in the Constituent Assembly. Bolsheviki and members of the Social Revolutionary Left party will not be represented. A delayed dispatch from Archangel states that on September 18 Bolshevik forces attacked American outposts south of Archangel and were repelled with severe losses. Several Americans also were killed.

THE WAR IN THE AIR

September 18.-General Pershing reports five American planés missing as the result of an attack by superior German forces during a bombing expedition in Lorraine.

A new type of German bombing airplane is reported from the British front. It is said to seat eight men and carry bombs thirteen feet long, containing two thousand pounds of explosives. Lieutenant Luke, of the American Air Forces on the Lorraine front, is reported to have brought down nine German balloons in three days.

British airmen destroy fourteen German planes and lose eleven machines in the day's fighting along the British front. September 19.-Hetvolk, of Amsterdam, reports that Allied airmen are bombing Cologne, Coblenz, and other German towns, daily, killing or injuring many persons. It adds that many residents of these towns are fleeing to Holland for safety.

Despite rain and clouds, American airpatrols are active on the St. Mihiel front.

First Lieut. David E. Putnam, of Newton, Mass., is reported to have been killed on September 12, while patrolling the American lines north of St. Mihiel. September 20.-A Paris report notes an entirely new type of German airplane especially designed for ability in maneuvering. Germans are also reported to have adopted parachutes as means of escape from damaged planes. London reports sixty tons of bombs dropt on German territory in five days by British machines. This exceeds the record of any previous fortnight. September 21.-London reports nineteen German airplanes accounted for by British airmen yesterday, while eleven were lost by the British. Twenty-six and a half tons of bombs were dropt in twenty-four hours.

September 23.-A bulletin issued by the British Admiralty states that British and Greek airmen bombed Constantinople on September 20 and 21 and dropt thousands of leaflets into the city. Eight German planes destroyed, four British planes missing, and eleven tons of bombs dropt is reported as the day's record for British aerial operations on the Western Front. September 24. The official report issued by the British Air Ministry states that eight hostile machines were destroyed, several tons of bombs dropt, and four British machines lost in the course of the day's fighting.

SUBMARINE CAMPAIGN

September 21.-Washington reports that the total destruction by German submarines from August, 1914, to September, 1918, was 7,157,088 dead-weight tons of shipping in excess of the tonnage turned out in that time by Allied and

The Literary Digest for October 5, 1918

75

neutral nations. In the meantime, 3,795,000 dead-weight tons of enemy ships were seized, leaving the actual loss to the Allied and neutral nations 3,362,088 dead-weight tons. September 22.-Three officers and twentyseven members of the crew of the American steamer Buena Ventura arrive at Corunna, Spain. Three boats with sixty-four of the crew are missing. The ship was returning light when torpedoed on September 16. She was of 4,881 gross tons and belonged to the United States Steel Products Company. September 23.-A British freighter arriving in ballast at "an Atlantic port" reports an attack by torpedo and shellfire while 800 miles from the United States coast Friday, September 13. The U-boat continued firing for one hour and twenty-four minutes. other steamship, belonging to AnUnited States Shipping Board, reports an encounter with a U-boat on September 19, 500 miles off the American coast.

THE CENTRAL POWERS

the

September 18.-The Hague reports that
the German Government is resorting to
posters calling on the Germans to hold
out.

September 19.-A dispatch from Cologne
to the Dutch newspapers states that
peace demonstrations, organized by the
Social Democrats, were held September
18 at Essen and Cologne and in a large
number of towns in Saxony.
September 20.-An official communication

issued in Berlin says that the German Ambassador in Vienna, presenting Germany's reply to the recent AustroHungarian peace note, announces the readiness of Germany to participate in the proposed "exchange of ideas." The Austro-Hungarian Government announces that its offer is still open. September 22.-A dispatch from Amster

dam quotes Vienna newspapers to the effect that 382 persons have been killed and many others injured in an explosion in an ammunition factory near the Austrian capital. September 24.-The German people are

being prepared for a fresh retreat of the German armies, state advices from The Hague, and are told to expect renewed attacks on all sectors from French, English, and Americans. The Volkszeitung, says the same report, admits the recent defeat on the Turkish front and remarks that the British appear to have been well prepared to exploit their successes.

FOREIGN

September 18.-Premier Clemenceau declares in an address to the French Senate: "We will fight until the hour when the enemy comes to understand that bargaining between crime and right is no longer possible."

ap

September 19.-A London dispatch states that the Belgian Foreign Minister, in discussing Germany's "peace proach" to Belgium, declared that the conditions can not be taken as a basis for any serious discussion. September 20.-The Inter-Allied Labor Conference in London adopts the entire report of the Committee on War Aims. This result is regarded as a triumph for Samuel Gompers, American Federation of Labor, who president of the successfully opposed pacifistic elements of the conference. September 22.-Zurich reports that many Swiss Socialist journals have received reports of serious differences between South German politicians and Prussian dictators. German deserters are quoted as saying that a Bavarian Prince tried to shoot Hindenburg but that the Field-Marshal was not wounded.

DOMESTIC

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September 18.-General March, Chief of
Staff, states that army plans call for
American forces to the number of
4,800,000 by the middle of 1919.
A decision of the Federal War Labor
Board upholds the eight-hour day
except in emergency, and provides that
the question of
determined by a committee representing
emergency" must be
the employer and employees of the par-
ticular plant in which the question
arises.

September 20.-A. Mitchell Palmer, En-
emy Property Custodian, makes public
documents tending to show that Arthur
Brisbane, for many years editor of
William R. Hearst's Evening Journal,
bought the Washington Times on June
26, 1917, with money supplied by a
number of the leading brewers of the
United States.

Secretary McAdoo announces that it is
not the intention of the Treasury De-
partment to ask for more than $8,000,-
000,000 revenue taxation for the current
fiscal year.

Warrants are issued for members of the
firm of Rosenwasser Bros., Incorporated,
Long Island City, N. Y., charging fraud
in army shoe work.
Washington announces that those who
have obtained employment in essential
industries to escape the draft and others
who, having obtained such employment,
shirk their duty and impair the indus-
try, will be inducted into military
service.

September 21.-The number of American

soldiers embarked for foreign shores,
announces General March, Chief of
Staff, is now 1,750,000.
September 22.-An analysis of the food-

situation and the increase of living-
costs, made by the Food Administra-
tion, shows that the average rise in
food-prices has been only 31⁄2 per cent.
since last year.

September 23.-The House accepts the
Senate prohibition amendment to the
Food-Stimulation Bill by a vote of
171 to 34, and the nation will become
dry on June 30 next, for the duration of
the war, if the action of Congress is
approved by the President.

The War Department at Washington
announces that up to noon 2,225 new
cases of influenza have been reported
by telegraph by camp surgeons in the
various army camps.
This brings the

total number of cases reported thus far
to 20,211. The epidemic is most severe
at Camp Devens, Mass., where the
total number of cases reported to date
is 10,700. Altho 65 deaths resulted
from influenza and pneumonia at this
camp during the last twent-four hours,
officials express confiderce that the
height of the epidemic has been passed
here and elsewhere.
September 24.-One hundred and fourteen
cases of Spanish influenza, according to
a report by Health Commissioner

in the past sixty hours. Thirty-six
additional cases were reported from a
British troop-ship. Only one death was
reported for the sixty-hour period
covered above.

September 25.-William G. McAdoo, Sec-
retary of the Treasury, announces that
the new Liberty Loan will be for
$6,000,000,000 of bonds at 44 per cent.,
which will mature on October 15, 1938,
unless the Government exercises is
right to redeem the issue on October 15,
1933.

Washington announces that the Govern-
ment is about to adopt measures to en-
force stability of wages during the war.
One hundred and fifty new
Spanish influenza in New York City,
cases of
breaking all records since the disease
was reported, are announced by Health
Commissioner Copeland.

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CIVIL ENGINEER
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