assumptions and data must be reconsidered in wider connections and translated into other terms. It is, in short, a phrase of diffidence, and not of arrogance; and it is indeed strange to hear people talk triumphantly of 'the New Psychology,' and write 'Histories of Psychology,' when into the real elements and forces which the word covers not the first glimpse of clear insight exists. A string of raw facts; a little gossip and wrangle about opinions; a little classification and generalization on the mere descriptive level; a strong prejudice that we have states of mind, and that our brain conditions them: but not a single law in the sense in which physics shows us laws, not a single proposition from which any consequence can causally be deduced. We don't even know the terms between which the elementary laws would obtain if we had them (p. 464). This is no science, it is only the hope of a science. The matter of a science is with us. Something definite happens when to a certain brain-state a certain 'sciousness' corresponds. A genuine glimpse into what it is would be the scientific achievement, before which all past achievements would pale. But at present psychology is in the condition of physics before Galileo and the laws of motion, of chemistry before Lavoisier and the notion that mass is preserved in all reactions. The Galileo and the Lavoisier of psychology will be famous men indeed when they come, as come they some day surely will, or past successes are no index to the future. When they do come, however, the necessities of the case will make them 'metaphysical.' Meanwhile the best way in which we can facilitate their advent is to understand how great is the darkness in which we grope, and never to forget that the naturalscience assumptions with which we started are provisional and revisable things.
Abstract ideas, 240, 25; charac-
ters, 353; propositions, 354 Abstraction, 251; see Distraction Accommodation, of crystalline lens, 32; of ear, 49 Acquaintance, 14 Acquisitiveness, 407
Action, what holds attention de- termines, 448 After-images, 43-5 AGASSIZ, 132 Alexia, 113
Alternating personality, 205 ff. AMIDON, 132
Analysis, 56, 248, 251, 362 Anger, 374
Aphasia, 108, 113; loss of images in, 309
Apperception, 326 Aqueduct of Silvius, 80 Arachnoid membrane, 84 Arbor vitæ, 86 ARISTOTLE, 318 Articular sensibility, 74 Association, Chapter XVI; the order of our ideas, 253; de- termined by cerebral laws, 255; is not of ideas, but of things thought of, 255; the elementary principle of, 256; the ultimate cause of is habit, 256; indeter minateness of its results, 258; total recall, 259; partial recall and the law of interest. 261; frequency, recency, vividness, and emotional congruity tend to determine the object re-
called, 264; focalized recall or by similarity, 267, 364; volun- tary trains of thought, 271; problems, 273
Atomistic theories of conscious- ness, 462
Attention, Chapter XIII; its re- lation to interest, 170; its physi- ological ground, 217; narrow- ness of field of consciousness, 217; to how many things possi- ble, 219; to simultaneous sight and sound, 220; its varieties, 220; voluntary, 224; involun- tary, 220; change necessary to, 226; its relation to genius, 227; physiological conditions of, 228; the sense-organ must be adapted, 229; the idea of the object must be aroused, 232; pedagogic remarks, 236; atten- tion and free-will, 237; what holds attention determines ac- tion, 448; volitional effort is effort of attention, 450 Auditory centre in brain, 113 Auditory type of imagination, 306
AUSTEN, Miss, 261 Automaton theory, 10, 101 AZAM, 210
BAHNSEN, 147
BAIN, 145, 367, 370 BERKLEV, 302, 303, 347 BINET, 318, 332 Black, 45-6 Blind Spot, 31
Blood-supply, cerebral, 130 Bodily expression, cause of emo- tions, 375
BRACE, JULIA, 252
Brain, the functions of, Chapter VIII, 91
Brain, its connection with mind, 5-7; its relations to outer forces, 9; relations of consciousness to, 462
Brain, structure of, Chapter VII, 78 ff.; vesicles, 78 ff.; dissection of sheep's, 81; how to preserve, 83; functions of, Chapter VIII, 91 ff. BRIDGMAN, LAURA, 252, 308 BROCA, 109, 113, 115 Broca's convolution, 109 BRODHUN, 46
BROOKS, Prof. W. K., 412 Brutes, reasoning of, 367
Calamus scriptorius, 84 Canals, semicircular, 50 CARPENTER, 223, 224 CATTELL, 125, 126, 127 Caudate nucleus, 81, 86 Centres, nerve, 92
Cerebellum, its relation to equi- librium, 76; its anatomy, 79, 84
Cerebral laws, of association, 255 Cerebral process, see Neural
Comparison of magnitudes, 342 Compounding of sensations, 23, 43, 57 Compound objects, analysis of, 248 Concatenated acts, dependent on habit, 140
Conceiving, mode of, what is meant by, 354 Conceptions, Chapter XIV; de- fined, 239; their permanence, 239; different states of mind can mean the same, 239; ab- stract, universal, and problem- atic, 240; the thought of the same' is not the same thought over again, 243
Conceptual order different from perceptual, 243 Consciousness, stream of, Chap- ter XI, 151; four characters in, 152; personal, 152; is in constant change, 152, 466; same state of mind never occurs twice, 154; consciousness is continuous, 157; substantive and transitive states of, 160; interested in one part of its ob- ject more than another, 170; double consciousness, 206 ff.; narrowness of field of, 217; re- lations of to brain, 462 Consciousness and Movement, Chapter XXIII; all conscious- ness is motor, 370
Concomitants, law of varying, 251
Consent, in willing, 452 Continuity of object of conscious-
ness, 157
Contrast, 25, 44-5
Convergence of eyeballs, 31, 33 Convolutions, motor, 106 Corpora fimbriata, 86
Corpora quadrigemma, 79, 86, 89 Corpus albicans, 84
Corpus callosum, 81, 84 Corpus striatum, 81, 86, 108 Cortex, 11, note
Cortex, localization in, 104; mo
tor region of, 106 Corti's organ, 52
Cramming, 295
Crura of brain, 79, 84, 108 Curiosity, 407
Currents, in nerves, 10 CZERMAK, 70
DARWIN, 388, 389 Deafness, mental, 113 DELAGE, 76 Deliberation, 448 Delusions of insane, 207 Dermal senses, 60 ff. Determinism and psychology, 461 Decision, five types, 429. Differences, 24, directly felt,
245, not resolvable into com- position, 245, inferred, 248 Diffusion of movements, the law of, 371
Dimension, third, 342, 346 Discharge, nervous, 120 Discord, 58
Discrimination, Chapter XV, 59. touch, 62, defined, 244, condi- tions which favor, 245; sensa tion of difference, 246, differ. ences inferred, 248; analysis of compound objects, 249; to be easily singled out a quality should already be separately known, 250; dissociation by varying concomitants, 251. practice improves discrimina
tion, 252; of space, 338 See Difference
'Disparate' retinal points, 35 Dissection, of sheep's brain, 81 Distance, as seen, 39; between members of series, 24; in space, see Third dimension Distraction, 218 ff. Division of space, 338 DONALDSON, 64
Double consciousness, 206 ff.
Double images, 36
Double personality, 205
DUMONT, 135
Dura mater, 82
Duration, the primitive object in
time-perception, 280; our esti- mation of short, 281
Ear, 47 ff. Effort, feeling of, 434; feels like an original force, 442; voli- tional effort is effort of atten- tion, 450; ethical importance of the phenomena of effort, 458 Ego, see Self Embryological sketch, Chapter VII, 78
Emotion, Chapter XXIV; com- pared with instincts, 373; varieties of, innumerable, 374; causes of varieties, 375, 381; results from bodily expression, 375; this view not materialis- tic, 380; the subtler emotions, 384, fear, 385; genesis of re- actions, 388
Emotional congruity, determines association, 264
Empirical self, see Self Emulation, 406
End-organs, 10; of touch, 60; of temperature, 64; of pressure, 60; of pain, 67 Environment, 3
Essence of reason, always for subjective interest, 358 Essential characters, in reason,
Fissure of Rolando, seat of mo
tor incitations, 106
Fissure of Sylvius, 108
Foramen of Monro, 88
HALL, ROBERT, 223
Hallucinations, 330 ff. HAMILTON, 260, 268
Harmony, 58
HARTLEY, 255
Hearing, 47 ff.; centre of, in cor tex, 113
Force, original, effort feels like, Heat sensations, 63 ff.; nerves of ̧
HELMHOLTZ, 26, 42, 43, 55, 56, 58, 121, 226, 227, 231, 233, 234, 321 Hemispheres, general notion of, 97; chief seat of memory, 98; effects of deprivation of, or frogs, 92; on pigeons, 96 HERBART, 222, 326 HERBARTIAN SCHOOL, 157 HERING, 24, 26 HERZEN, 123, 124 HIPPOCAMPI, 88
HODGSON, 262, 264, 280, 283 HOLBROOK, 297
HORSLEY, 107, 118 HUME, 161, 244
Hunger, sensations of, 69 HUXLEY, 143
Hypnotic conditions, 301
Ideas, the theory of, 154 ff.; never come twice the same, 154; they do not permanently exist, 157; abstract ideas, 240, 251; uni- versal 240; order of ideas by association, 253
'Identical retinal points,' 35 Identity, personal, 201; mutations of, 205 ff.; alternating person- ality, 205
Ideo-motor action the type of all volition, 432
Illusions, 317 ff., 330 Images, mental, compared with sensations, 14; double, in vis- ion, 36; after-images,' 43-5, visual, 302; auditory, 306; motor, 307; tactile, 308 Imagination, Chapter XIX; de- fined, 302; differs in individ- uals, 302; Galton's statistics of. 302; visual, 302; auditory, 306 motor, 307; tactile, 308; patho
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