Probably his thought has led educators to place larger stress on induction in teaching.

3. Yes. Because these are the qualities of perfect character.

4. Probably his leading doctrine was that institutional life hampers the soul's free growth. The modern idea is that the child must reach freedom through social life.

5. To show the individual his proper relation to social life; to make him self-directive.

6. Yes, this is true. The child at first acts impulsively; that is, without a knowledge of the end or result of his act. A moral act is a consciously purposive act in regard to which the question of right arises.

7. That which will best prepare the boy and girl to meet whatever conditions obtain in life. 8. Yes, as the word is generally used.

BASED ON PLATO'S REPUBLIC.

1. What was Plato's view of the close connection between the characters of men and of states?

2. What did Plato mean when he called "the good state" an aristocracy?

3. What did Plato mean by tyranny, as applied to government?

4. What can be said of the Greek Philosophy before Plato's time? Who were the Sophists?

5. What was Plato's attitude toward the life of his time? 6. The life of man is said to have three principles." Name them.

1. Plato shows that there are three classes in the state; viz., rulers, soldiers, and working people, and that there are three corresponding divisions of the soul; viz., reason or wisdom, spirit with courage as the special virtue, and appetite which must be subject to temperance, spirit and wisdom. Plato thought that the three virtues of the soul cause the corresponding virtues of the state, or that governments vary as the characters of men vary.

2. By the "good state" Plato meant one governed by the best men in it (philosophers), and he called it aristocracy because the word literally means government by the best.

3. By tyranny as applied to government Plato meant, a state governed by one man who is absolute in power and authority, and uses it solely for his own caprice or selfish interests without regard to the interests of his subjects.

4. Of the Greek philosophy prior to Plato's time it may be said, that for two hundred years philosophers were seeking the fundamental principle of the universe in nature, but could not agree.

The Sophists were a class of Greek philosophers, some of whom were intelligent, serious, honest seekers of truth, and some seeking fortune by mere oratory and trickery, but all of whom rejected the philosophy based on a physical principle; they made the important change

from a physical to a spiritual principle-from an objective to a subjective principle. That the authority of the individual ego was the final principle in the world.

5. Plato severely criticised the life of his time at every vital point. Its art, philosophy, its politics, and business were full of misrepresentation, injustice and vice, when held up in the light of what he conceived to be absolute truth and justice. He believed in truth, and that truth is one and eternal and rules all things. 6. The three principles in the life of man are: a. Reason or insight-wisdom. b. Spirit,-involving manly courage. c. Appetite-the sensuous nature.

ARITHMETIC.

1. Define quantity, number, figure. Explain the difference between number and figure. What is a common fraction? Upon what does the value of a fraction depend?

2. Outline the different kinds of work that a child 8 years old might be expected to perform in studying the number 12. 27-1×10

3. Express as a decimal X34-2

4. The floor, walls and ceiling of a room 18 ft. long, 16 ft. wide and 12 feet high, are made of inlaid walnut, oak and rosewood. Find the cost of the work at $2.50 a square foot for labor, and $75 a thousand for lumber, surface measurement.

5. What sum must be invested at 6 per cent. for 10 months and 15 days, to produce an interest of $327.3247?

6. A wholesale dealer sold at a profit of 25 per cent. to a retail dealer, who compromised with his creditors at 40 cents on the dollar. What per cent. did the wholesale dealer lose? 7. The surface of a cube is 37.5 square feet. Find the volume of the cube.

1. Quantity is that which admits of mathematical processes. Number answers the question "how many." It expresses ratio between a given quantity and the measuring unit. Figure is a character used to express number. An expression by two numbers for one or more equal parts of a unit. Upon the ratio of these two numbers.

2. Counting with various objects, abstract counting, all combinations that include 12 in addition and subtraction, grouping and re-combining by multiplication and division processes -all these repeated until the child knows 12. 3. .555.

4. 18X16 X2=576, area floor and ceiling. 18X12.5X2=450, area two sides. 16X12.5X2=400, area two ends.

Total area, 1426 feet, at $2.50, gives $3,565, cost of work.

1,426 feet at $75 per M. gives $106.95, cost of wood.

5. $6,234.75+.

6. The wholesale dealer paid 100, sold at 125, but received by compromise only 40 per cent. of 125, or 50. He lost 50 on 100, or 50 per cent.

7. 37.5÷6=6.25, area each face.

√ 6.25=2.5, length of each edge.

3

2.5=15.625, volume.

EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION.

Indiana sent about 150 teachers to the N. E. A. this year.

W. H. Riechers takes the principalship of a ward school in Hammond, Ind.

Professors C. M. Piercy and R. M. Grindle are conducting a six-weeks' normal at Kokomo.

H. F. Riechers who has been teaching at Ivanhoe, Ind., becomes principal at Griffith for next year.

Professor H. L. Frank, for eight years superintendent at Fostoria, Ohio, succeeds B. F. Moore at Frankfort, Indiana.

The present enrollment at the Winona lake summer school is said to be several times as large as on any previous year.

Dr. E. B. Andrews of Chicago has taken out a $10,000 life insurance policy for the benefit of the city teachers' pension fund.

Miss Nebraska Cropsey of the Indianapolis schools was chosen president of the N. E. A. department of elementary education.

Elbert Hubbard of the Roycroft book shop at East Aurora, N. Y., received the honorary degree of master of arts from Tufts college.

Yale and Harvard are rejoicing over the winning of several of the athletic games which they played near London with Oxford and Cambridge.

Hon. Elihu Root, a prominent lawyer of New York succeeds General Russell A. Alger, resigned, as secretary of war in the president's cabinet.

W. E. Stout who for the last few years has been a successful ward principal at Huntington, goes to Fort Wayne as supervising principal in the schools of that city.

Ezra E. Lollar has been chosen superintendent of schools at Garrett, Ind., owing to the resignation of George M. Hoke who will begin the practice of law at Tiffin, O.

The two candidates prominently before the Chicago Normal School committee for the presidency of that institution are Dr. W. O. Krohn and Principal W. M. Giffin.

Miss Ida Stocker died at her home in Kokomo, Indiana, July 22. She was a graduate of the Indiana State Normal, and had taught for several years in the Kokomo schools.

Professor J. B. Davenport of the Kempton (Ind.) schools and Superintendent L. D. Summers of the Tipton county schools are conducting a six weeks normal at Tipton.

Professor M. A. Bailey of the Kansas State Normal has resigned to accept a position as professor of mathematics in the New York city training school. His salary will be $3,500.

Professor E. G. Bauman, for several years principal of the high school at Mt. Vernon, Indiana, has been elected to a similar position at Trinidad, Colorado, with a fine increase in sal

ary.

Professor John A. Miller of the Indiana University has just received the degree of Ph. D. from the University of Chicago, being the fourth person to receive that degree as a student of mathematics.

Superintendent Walter Dunn of Knox, Ind., is reelected for another year. As principal of his high school the board has chosen Jessie E. Moore of Greencastle, a graduate of DePauw and of the state normal.

The smallpox at Valparaiso, Indiana, has entirely disappeared. The reports about the school being quarantined, or anything of that kind, were absolutely false. The difficulty was stamped out immediately and the school went on as usual. This has been the most successful summer session the school has ever had. The graduating classes will be very much larger than ever before. The school will close August 10. The Hon. Charles T. Steck of Pennsylvania will deliver the address.

The Owen County Teachers' Reunion will be held at Spencer this year, on Thursday of the County Institute, September 14th. The following former Owen county teachers are expected to be present: R. J. Aley, J. B. Wisely, D. K. Goss, O. P. McAuley, Robert Spear, D. S. Kelley, Ira Baldwin, J. W. Shepherd, Fred Mutchler, O. P. Foreman, N. G. Wark, R. A. Troth, O. P. Robinson, W. V. Troth, A. D. Moffett, Mark Moffett, Chas. Meek, A. M. Stickles, S. M. Rolston, Agnes Pochin, Nellie Ahern, Judge Moffett, Webster Moffett, M. V. Gantz. Many others who formerly taught school in Owen county will be invited. The entire present teaching corps of the county will be present but the program will almost entirely be given by the visitors. It will be a notable meeting.

A four days' symposium on music was held in the Fine Arts Building, Chicago, August 1-4, with Mr. Robert Foresman as director. The purpose was to state and explain the principles upon which the Modern Music Series is based.

B. F. Moore leaves the superintendency at Frankfort, Ind., to take charge of the schools at Marion, succeeding W. D. Weaver. Professor Moore is well equipped for his work and the promotion will be pleasant news to his many friends.

Professor W. H. Hershman of New Albany, Ind., is taking a summer course of study at the University of Chicago. Miss Ora Hershman, his daughter, is at the Chicago Normal School. She will teach next year in the Indianapolis schools.

During the recent meeting at Los Angeles President Joseph Swain was made a member of the National Educational Council. Superintendent John W. Carr was made state manager for Indiana. The state directorship was abolished.

Professor A. W. Duff who has been for six years at the head of the department of physics will take a similar position in the fall at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Professor Duff will be remembered as an occasional contributor to THE EDUCATOR.

Miss Harriet M. Scott, author of Organic Education, one of the books on the Indiana reading circle this year, has resigned her position in the Detroit training school. Political annoyance and opposition are assigned as the cause. Hard on Detroit.

In the July issue it was announced that E. J. Austin had been elected to the superintendency of the Michigan City schools. It seems he was unable to secure his release from an earlier engagement and J. G. Monroe of St. Johns, Mich., takes the place.

The death of George A. Haughton occurred July 20 at the home of his mother near Russellville. He was a graduate of the Indiana State Normal, class of '96, and a very successful teacher of several years' experience. His natural ability and his enterprise made him a young man of much promise.

Professor W. H. Elson, well known in Indiana as a former secretary of the young people's reading circle, and for twelve years superintendent of schools in Parke county has been reelected to his present position as superintendent of city schools in West Superior, Wisconsin. His salary is advanced from $2,000 to $2,500.

Superintendent L. H. Hamilton, chairman of committee, announces that the diploma question

in 1900 will be based on the following:-March, “Excelsior,” biography of Longfellow, "The Great Stone Face;" April, "The Vision of Sir Launfal," "King of the Golden River;" May, "The Deserted Village," "Enoch Arden," “To a Mountain Daisy."

The present summer session at the Chicago Normal School is regarded as one of the most successful ever held. The attendance is large and the enthusiasm is great. This session is an interesting one in view of the fact that nearly the whole faculty now working there will close its relations with the school when the present term closes, and will commence preparations for the new school of pedagogy to open in 1900.

Messrs. Small, Maynard & Company of Boston have acquired the publications of Messrs. Copeland & Day, who are retiring from business. Among the books thus taken over are Vivette, by Gelett Burgess; the two Vagabondia books, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey; Stephen Crane's Black Riders; Miss Louise Imogen Guiney's Patrins; and the beautifully decorated English Love Sonnet Series.

The most cordial kind of a letter was issued by Superintendents Worley of Kosciusko county and Shideler of Huntington county, inviting the superintendents of northern Indiana, with their wives, to spend August 3 and 4 at Warsaw. Provision was made for the free entertainment of all, and assurance was given that boats, busses, hotels-the city itself should belong to the visitors. This is hospitality of the right sort.

The cause of education in Indiana will doubtless gain by the accession of Chas. D. Nason, Ph. D. He enters the faculty of the Tri-State Normal College at Angola with the highest recommendations. Born in Maine and graduated at Haverford College, he went afterwards to the University of Pennsylvania, taking professional work and receiving his doctorate. He has taught science, history, literature and drawing in Philadelphia. His work at Angola will be mainly professional, but will include some history and literature.

The conditions which Benjamin Ide Wheeler of Cornell named under which he was willing to consider his call to the presidency of the University of California, namely, that the president make all appointments in the faculty, recommend all promotions, adjust salaries, be, the sole medium of communication between faculty and regents, and have regents' support, without factional opposition, in all matters which the regents may decide by a majority vote, are of the kind that emphasize the relation between

authority and responsibility. The board grants him the initiative regarding changes and appointments in the faculty, and he accepts the position. Salary $10,000 a year.

Through the courtesy of Professor Edward F. Buchner THE EDUCATOR has been favored with an extended report of the last annual meeting of the New York state society for child study. unfortunately there is not available space in this issue for the full report. One interesting feature was a tendency "to disparage the unsavored education of child study as a means of pedagogic success or scientific knowledge." A polling of about 800 teachers showed that most of them object to child study on the grounds that it detracts from even work in the schoolroom and removes the teacher from the true attitude toward the pupil. Several important papers by members of the society are to be printed and distributed throughout the year.

SCHOOL MUSIC BY CORRESPONDENCE.

Two Courses offered 1899-Elementary and Advanced. Each course includes 12 lessons and will be found helpful and practical to the busy teacher. Tuition reasonable. For information write. H. E. OWEN, Terre Haute, Ind.

It is a worthy compliment to the author of any book for all the teachers in the same department in a large high school to unite in asking for the adoption of his book for class-room use. This is what the teachers of algebra in the Terre Haute High School have done for Taylor's Academic Algebra, and the Latin teachers in the same school for Bennett's Latin Grammar. On July 5th the board of education unanimously adopted these books for exclusive use. They are published by Allyn & Bacon of Chicago, whose list of publications is strictly limited to high school and college text-books. It is the constant aim of this firm to furnish the best books for the best teachers, and the recent adoption of their books in Terre Haute is a sample of their success in that direction. Both the above-mentioned books have received the unqualified endorsement of the leading educators of the country, and are in use in Indianapolis and other prominent high schools in Indiana.

WANTED.-Persons of energy to sell at Teachers' Institutes, Houghton's Exercises for Opening Schools. 228 character-building lessons, interesting to all grades. Cloth 75 cents. Liberal terms. Fayette Publishing Company, Connersville, Ind.

THE INLAND EDUCATOR.

A JOURNAL FOR THE PROGRESSIVE TRACHER.

WALTER W. STORMS, Editor.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT

TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA,

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THE INLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY.

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In speaking of Los Angeles and After. the volumes of addresses and proceedings of the N. E. A. as they have appeared from year to year we have referred to them as great storehouses to which teachers might go and go again for suggestion and inspiration. Such an estimate is not overdrawn, but the volume is not accessible save to a very small minority of teachers. With this in mind THE EDUCATOR Will present in successive numbers during the year, a few of the best things that were presented at the Los Angeles meeting. Coming thus in small doses, and at intervals, there will be a better opportunity for digestion and assimilation than the visitors to California themselves enjoyed. Not that we underestimate the wealth of enjoyment and inspiration and pleasure in attending one of the great meetings-not that we would advise any teacher against attending when attendance comes at all within one's means; but there is a grain of philosophical consolation in feeling that we could not have taken in the whole feast if we had been there. These crumbs which have fallen, so to speak, from the great educational table will be found to contain much of their

in its advertising: "If we please you, tell others; if we don't, tell us." The sentiment impresses us as a good one and we wish to say it just once to our subscribers. A few weeks ago we were soliciting your patronage by promising what seems to us the richest program for an educational paper that we have seen anywhere. Now that the institutes are nearly over in Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio and Illinois we are at work trying to fulfill our promises to the letter. You will be deciding month by month how well we succeed, and whether or not THE EDUCATOR is worth its price. If you are satisfied and pleased with it kindly say a good word for it to your friends. If you are not satisfied or if your paper does not come regularly please tell us frankly all about it. We own to a fair average of human frailty and when our good friends tell us something pleasant about the paper we feel gratified and grateful. But what we solicit is the helpful kindly criticism that will let us correct mistakes and do better every way.

Something New About Alcohol.

Considerable thought and discussion have been aroused by the publication of a report made lately by Professor W. O. Atwater of Wesleyan University upon a series of experiments he has conducted to determine the physiological effects of alcohol. The experiments appear to show conclusively that alcohol in small quantities is readily oxydized by the body and to that extent is a food; that is to say, it yields energy. The announcement is provoking not a little protest from those prohibitionists who think they see in Professor Atwater's conclusion a justification for moderate drinking. It is interesting to remember that Wesleyan University is one of the strongholds of Methodism in America, and that it would be likely to regard with disfavor any deliberate attempt to injure the cause of temperance reform. As a matter of fact, however, the experiments have