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voyages had been numerous and successful. Her armament was formidable: sixteen heavy carronades were extended along the deck, with two long brass guns of a smaller caliber, and every other appurtenance of war was in perfect efficiency. But the most striking object was her ferociouslooking, but magnificent crew; they seemed only formed for "the battle and the breeze," and well justified their wild commander's boast, "that he could thrash any cruiser of his own size, and land his cargo in six hours afterwards." We left the vessel; and, to judge by the cags and cases stowed away in the gig, my cousin had not been forgotten in the general distribution. The outlaw stood upon a carronade, and waved his hand as we pulled from the ship's side; and in a short time set his head-sails, and stood off to sea with the ebb-tide and a spanking breeze, which carried him out of sight directly. This was fated to be the last landing of the Jane, and the last exploit of her commander -she foundered on her next voyage, and every person on board perished with the vessel.-Wild Sports of the West.

THE MONKS OF THE SCREW.

to disinherit an heir-at-law, it is necessary to give him a shilling by the will, for that otherwise he would be entitled to the whole property.-That a funeral passing over any place makes it a public highway. That the body of a debtor may be taken in execution after his death. That a man marrying a woman who is in debt, if he take her from the hands of the priest, clothed only in her shift, will not be liable for her engagements.-That those who are born at sea belong to Stepney parish. That second cousins may not marry, though first cousins may. That a husband has the power of divorcing his wife, by selling her in open market, with a halter round her neck. That a woman's marrying a man under the gallows will save him from execution. That if a criminal has been hung and revives, he cannot afterwards be executed. That the owners of asses are obliged to crop their ears, lest the length of them should frighten the horses.

TO PRESERVE THE ROOTS OF GERANIUMS IN THE WINTER.-The following method of preserving through the winter the more gross and succulent geraniums, such as the large scarlet, &c. is but little known. On the ap When Lord Avenmore was a young man, better known on proach of frost take them out of the ground, in doing which the turf than at the bar, he founded a club near Newmarket, carefully avoid injuring the roots; wash off all the earth, called the Monks of the Screw; the rules of which he drew and hang them up to the ceiling of a good under-ground It was on up in very quaint and comic Monkish Latin verse. cellar with the roots uppermost. In the spring they will this model that a still more celebrated club of the same name have made some yellowish-green, and unhealthy-looking was afterwards established, under his Lordship's auspices, in shoots. When the frosts are over, they are to be replanted, Dublin. It met on every Sunday during the law terms, in a large house in Kevin's Street, the property of the late Lord and protected at night, and from cold winds, by mats, or by The turning a basket over them until they have resumed their Tracton, and now converted into a seneschal's court. The above method must prove reader may have some idea of the delightful intercourse this wonted healthy appearance. society must have afforded, when he learns that Flood, Grattan, particularly advantageous to the numerous persons who Curran, Lord Charlemont, Daly, Bowes, and a host of such have not the use of a conservatory, and who happen to men, were amongst its members. Curran was installed Grand think that geraniums never appear so ornamental as when Prior of the order, and deputed to compose the charter song. growing in the open ground; and certainly much more It began thus:beautiful and natural than those long-legged sickly exotica that are frequently seen drawn up in straight lines in a hothouse.

When St Patrick our order created,

And called us the Monks of the Screw,
Good rules he revealed to our Abbot,
To guide us in what we should do.

But first he replenished his fountain
With liquor the best in the sky,
And he swore, by the word of his saintship,
The fountain should never run dry.

My children, be chaste, till you're tempted ;-
While sober, be wise and discreet ;-
And humble your bodies with fasting,
Whene'er you've got nothing to eat.
Then be not a glass in the convent,
Except on a festival, found,
And this rule to enforce, I ordain it-

A festival-all the year round.

Saint Patrick, the tutelar idol of the country, was their patron saint; and a statue of him, mitred and crosiered, after having for years consecrated their Monkish revels, was transferred to Curran's convivial sideboard at the Priory. Of the hours passed in this society Curran ever afterwards spoke with enthusiasm. "Those hours," said he, addressing Lord Avenmore on the occasion, as a Judge, and wringing tears from his aged eyes at the recollection, which we can remember with no other regret than that they can return no more:

"We spent them not in toys, or lust, or wine, But search of deep philosophy;

Wit, eloquence, and poesy;

Arts which I lov'd, and they, my friend, were thine!"

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The following is a specimen of Irish logic: His landlady was what was termed a general dealer,' and, among other things, sold bread and whisky. A customer entered her shop and inquired if she had any thing to eat and drink? To be sure,' she replied, I have got a thimble full of the cratur, my darling, that comes only to twopence : and this big little loaf you may have for the same money!" Both twopence? Both the same, as I'm a Christian wo man, and worth double the sum.' Fill the whisky, if you plase.' She did so, and he drank it; then rejoined, It comes to twopence, my jewel; I'm not hungry, take back the loaf,' tendering it. Yes, honey, but what pays for the whisky?' Why the loaf to be sure? But you haven't paid for the loaf.' Why you wouldn't have s man pay for a thing he hasn't eat?' A friend going by was called in by the landlady to decide the difficulty, who gave it against her; and from deficiency in her powers of calculation, she permitted the rogue to escape."-Bernard's Retrospections.

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THE

AND

EDINBURGH WEEKLY MAGAZINE.

CONDUCTED BY JOHN JOHNSTONE.

THE SCHOOLMASTER IS ABROAD.-LORD BROUGHAM.

No. 26.-VOL. II. SATURDAY, JANUARY 26, 1833. PRICE THREE-HALFPENCE

MR. STUART'S THREE YEARS IN

NORTH AMERICA.

THIS book is likely to attract more general notice, especially in Scotland, than any work which has lately appeared; and this for two reasons; first, it is about that country with which we have so many ties, and upon which the hopes of our suffering population of all classes under the highest, naturally fall back; and secondly, it is written by Mr. Stuart of Dunearn, long a noticeable member of our community, a leading whig, among party whigs, a dashing speculator, a spirited, if not a very calculating agricultural improver, a charac ter in many points formed and fashioned by war prices, and the fictitious tide of prosperity which rose so rapidly, ebbed as fast, and left so many traces of misery and ruin on the society over which it swept.

During his long course of travel he visited schools, colleges, courts of justice, churches of every de. nomination, proceeded by steam, stage, and on horseback; and faithfully relates all he saw, and much of what he heard, never neglecting what he had for dinner or supper, nor yet what his fare cost, and seldom forgetting to record his assertion of a Briton's right to a single bed, a basin of water, and a clean towel. He is in truth a homely statist, and, we are persuaded, an accurate one; and where his book rises to generalized views, or luxuriates in description, he draws upon higher sources. With all this, and though nothing is idealized or viewed en beau, he gives us a most favourable impression of the Americans; at least of the people of the Northern States,-while he only does them justice in a kindly, candid spirit, respecting them (as we do him) too much to think they require Mr. Stuart was also the antago-glozing and indulgence from a traveller. In towns nist of Sir Alexander Boswell, in that unfortunate he is less happy, we think, than in the country; and affair when a "fool-born jest" was most foolishly especially among the new emigrant settlements of vindicated, and a contemptible offence atoned by the Illinois and Missouri. His account of these the sacrifice of human life. In this unhappy fine countries will be read with much interest, and rencontre Mr. Stuart was, it is said, inextricably with profit by persons meditating emigration. His involved, and if so, he was certainly more to be description of the southern slave states presents pitied than the victim. These circumstances, and the most horrible and revolting picture we the nine days wonderment which arose from his have ever yet seen, of the open profligacy, utter abrupt withdrawal to the United States, have thrown debasement, and moral depravity inseparable from a reflected interest around his book which is not slavery. A selection of Mr, Stuart's anecdotes wanted. It may be left to its own fate. Mr Stu- must put to shame, and for ever strike dumb every art went to America in the summer of 1828, and one who dare yet raise a voice for a system which returned in the spring of 1831. He possessed to us appears infinitely more brutalizing to the many of the qualities most requisite to an intelli-white than to the suffering black population. Of the gent and impartial observer. He was of mature age, a man of business and of the world, well acquainted with rural affairs on the grand and expensive style, and withal somewhat of a politician. During his stay he visited nearly every important place in the States, traversing the breadth and length of the land" from Dan to Beersheba" in the humour of finding all fruitful and flourishing, viewing every thing in the fairest light, and putting the best construction upon every occurrence. With such qualifications and dispositions Mr. Stuart collected an immense mass of facts, which he relates in the plain unadorned style of a journalist, leaving the reader to select, compare, weigh, and draw who lived in the neighbourhood, and had a small boat, conclusions for himself. and seemed to gain his livelihood by fishing, and ferrying His own opinions and over passengers to and from the island. After congratulatimpressions are merely stated, never insisted upon. ing meon my recovery, he asked me if I was not in want of

social habits and domestic character of the Americans, we learn less than we could have wished; for though Mr. Stuart went every where, he has, out of inns and boarding-houses, recorded a few observations. The mental condition of the people of America is best indicated by their political and social state. It is sound, healthful, and happy. We shall begin with the elementary part,-Education, and the provision made for this only sure basis of national prosperity and social well-being.

"On one of the first days I walked out, I was joined by a seafaring person of the name of Sheaffe, with whom I had got acquainted in the course of my walks by the sea side,

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books. He had seen me occasionally bring books from
Boston, before I had met with the accident before noticed.
He mentioned various historical and philosophical books in
his library, which were at my service; and also the Lon-
don Examiner newspaper for several years. I caught at
his offer, when he mentioned the Examiner, having been
recently reading the American account of the battles on
the Canada frontier in the wars of 1813 and 1814, and
being anxious to compare them with the British Gazette
accounts. I therefore accepted the Examiner, which he for-
tunately had at the period I wanted. I doubt whether such
an occurrence as this could have happened anywhere else in
the world. I found that Mr. Sheaffe, whose house is as
humble-looking a wooden cottage as any one in the neigh-
bourhood, had formerly been a seaman in a merchant ship,
and had been in England; but the explanation is easy.
Education is open to all in this country; and all, or almost
all, are educated. It was lately ascertained by reports ac-
curately taken, that, out of a population of about 60,000
persons in the State of Massachusetts, only 400 beyond the
age of childhood could not read or write. And more espe-
cially, by returns from 131 towns presented to the legisla-
ture, that the number of scholars receiving instruction in
those towns is 12,393; that the number of persons in those
towns, between the ages of fourteen and twenty-one, who
are unable to reapand write, is fifty-eight; and that in one
of those towns, the town of Hancock, there are only three
persons unable to read or write, and those three are mutes.
The general plan of Education at the public free schools
here is not confined to mere reading, writing, arithmetic,
and book-keeping, and the ancient and modern languages;
but comprehends grammar, mathematics, navigation, geo-
graphy, history, logic, political economy, and rhetoric,
moral and natural philosophy; these schools being, as
stated in the printed regulations, intended to occupy the
young people from the age of four to seventeen, and to
form a system of education advancing from the lowest to
the highest degree of improvement, which can be derived
from any literary seminaries inferior to colleges and uni-
versities; and to afford a practical and theoretical acquain.
tance with the various branches of a useful education.
"There are, at present, at Boston, sixty-eight free
schools, besides twenty-three Sabbath schools; in all o
which the poorest inhabitant of Boston may have his chil-
dren educated, according to the system of education before
specified, from the age of four to seventeen, without any
expense whatever. The children of both sexes are freely
admitted. The funds for these schools are derived from be-
quests and donations by individuals, and grants from the
legislature and corporations; and enable the trustees, con-
sisting of twelve citizens, annually elected by the inhabi-
tants of each of the twelve wards of the city, with the
mayor and eight aldermen, to give the teachers salaries,
varying from 2500 to 800 dollars a-year. The assistant
teachers have 600 dollars. The trustees elect the teachers,
and vote their salaries yearly; and no preference is given
on any principles but those of merit and skill. The teach-
ers of the grammar schools must have been educated at
college, and must have attained a degree of bachelor of arts.
The morning and evening exercises of all the schools, com-
mence with reading the Scriptures. A very strict system
of supervision and regulation is established by the trus

tees.

"No expense whatever is incurred at those schools except for books.

"The richer classes at Boston, formerly, very generally, patronized teachers of private schools, who were paid in the usual way; but they now find that the best teachers are at the head of the public schools, and, in most cases, prefer them, the children of the highest and lowest rank enjoying the privilege, altogether invaluable in a free state, of being educated together.

"In the adjoining State of Connecticut it has been ascertained by accurate reports, that one-third of the population, of about 275,000, attend the free schools. In the whole of the New England States, the population, of which, including Massachusetts and Connecticut, amounts to about

two millions, it is unquestionable, that the entire popula-
tion are educated, that is to say, can read and write, and
that the exceptions, which do not at the utmost amoun
to 2000 persons, are composed of blacks and foreigners.
"The result of the recent inquiry into the state of Edu.
cation in the State of New York, which adjoins New Eng-
land, and is almost equal to it in population, and to which
I have already alluded, is very much, though not entirely
the same. It is proved by actual reports, that 499,434
children, out of a population of one million, nine hundred
thousand, were at the same time attending the schools, that
is, a fourth part of the whole population. Although the
public funds of New York State are great, these schools
are not entirely free, but free to all who apply for im-
munity from payment. The amount of the money paid
to the teachers by private persons does not, however,
amount to one-third of the whole annual expense, which is
some what less than a million of dollars.

"It is not, however, to be inferred, that education at free-schools is so general all over the United States, as in the four millions of inhabitants of New England and the State of New York; but the provision for public schools is admirable in all the populous states, Pensylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, &c.; and free education can everywhere be procured, even in the southern states, for whites, on application being made for it. The appropriations of land for schools in the old states were formerly very much confined to the donations of individuals, many of which have now, however, become very valuable; but the appropriations for schools in the new states have been regulated by congress, and their extent is immense. Every township of the new lands is divided into thirty-six sections, each a mile square, and each containing 640 acres. One section of every township is appropriated for schools. In addition to this, great appropriations have been made in Ohio, Tennessee, Kentucky, and others of the western states, for seminaries of a higher order, to the extent of about one-fifth of those for schools. The land belonging to public schools in the new states and territories, in which appropriations have been made on the east side of the Misf sissippi, amounts to about eight millions of acres, and is of course advancing in value as the population increases. The extent of land, which will be appropriated to the same purpose when the land on the western side of the Mississippi is settled, must be prodigious, at present not capable of being guessed at."

Our next extract must be political: the Ballot is at this moment a topic of universal discussion. Hear Mr. Stuart's report from a land where the ballot has been fully tested.

"It was on the 5th November that I was present at the election at Ballston Spa, held in one of the hotels, about the door of which, twenty or thirty people might be standing. My friend Mr. Brown introduced me, and got me a place at the table. I must confess that I have been seldom more disappointed at a public meeting. The excitement occasioned by the election generally was declared by the newspapers to be far greater than had ever been witnessed since the declartion of indepeandence in 1776. And at Ballston Spa, any irritation which existed, had been increased by an attack made a few days previous to the election by the local press, and by hand-bills, on the moral character of one of the candidates, a gentleman who had neighbourhood. filled a high office in Congress, and who resided in the

I was, therefore, prepared for some fun, for some ebulition of humour, or of sarcastic remark, or dry wit, to which Americans are said to be prone. But all was dumb show, or the next thing to it. The ballotboxes were placed on a long table, at which half a dozen of the inspectors or canvassers of votes were seated. The voters approached the table by single files. Not a word was spoken. Each voter delivered his list, when he got next to the table to the officers, who called out his name. Any person might object, but the objection was instantly decided on, the officers having no difficulty, from their knowledge of the township, of the persons residing in it,

and to whose testimony reference was instantly made, in determining on the spot, whether the qualification of the roter was or was not sufficient. I need hardly say, that I did not attend this excessively uninteresting sort of meetting for any long time; but I am bound to bear this testimony in its favour, that so quiet a day of election, both without and within doors, I never witnessed either in Scotland or England. I did not see or hear of a drunk person in the street of the village or neighbourhood, nor did I observe any thing extraordinary, except the increased number of carriages or waggons of all kinds, three or four of them drawn by four horses, one by six. We were residing close by the hotel where the election took place, and in the evening the tranquillity was as complete as if no election had occurred.

The county canvassers for the twenty townships of this county of Saratoga afterwards met, and made up their returns for the county, in all of which, as well as in the whole of the state, the same quietness and perfect order prevailed. The number of votes given in this state for the electors of the president was 276,176, in a population of upwards of 1,800,000; and that this part of the election was most keenly contested, is obvious from the recorded fact, that the majority for Jackson over Adams in this state only amounted to 5,350. The total number of votes given in the presidential election on this occasion was afterwards ascertained to be nearly 1,200,000, in a population of about twelve millions, of which the whole states are composed.

"The testimony of Joseph Gerald, a martyr to the sinecrity with which he, at a period not so recent, advocated the propriety of resorting to the same form ofe lections in Geat Britain, before biassed judges and a biassed jury, at a time of great political excitement in Scotland, will long be remembered. "I myself,' he declared, in his speech on his celebrated trial before the Supreme Criminal Court in Scotland, resided during four years in a country where every man who paid taxes had a right to vote-I mean the Commonwealth of Pensylvania. I was an eye-witness of many elections which took place in Philadelphia, the capital of the State,—an industrious and populous city; and can safely assert, that no one riot ever ensued.'

"Mr. James Flint, who travelled in the United States about a dozen of years ago, and whose scrupulous correctness of narration is well known to all who know him, in their elections thus:- A few days ago I witnessed the his published letters from America, states his views as to election of a member of Congress for the State of Indiana. Members for the State Assembly, and county officers, and the votes for the township of Jeffersonville, were taken by ballot in one day. No quarrels or disorder occurred. Louisville, in Kentucky, the poll wask ept open for three days. The votes were given viva voce. in the course of an hour. This method appears to be proI saw three fights ductive of as much discord here as in England.' With relation to the ballot, I would only further add, that a great point is gained by its celerity, 10,000 votes can easily be taken m five or six hours."

At

The domestic manners of the Americans are a subject of curiosity among us; and there is now an opportunity of correcting Captain Halls theories, and Mrs. Trollope's fibberies, by the correct text of Mr. Stuart. While giving the Americans praise for their unostentatious hospitality, he casts a tender glance back upon the batterie de cuisine of Moray Place, and the vintages of its side-board, to the long sumptuous dinners so favourable for conversation, and even for a little gastronomic chat about the wines and viands, instead of the Americans swallowing, smoking, and bolting off to win more dollars. But Mr. Stuart forgets that the frugal simplicity of the American entertainments opens the door to the

"Thus, in a state far exceeding Scotland in extent, and almost equalling it in population, the votes for the chief magistrate of the United States and his substitute,-for the governor and lieutenant-governor of the state, for a senator and representatives to Congress,-for three representatives to the State of New York,-for four coroners, a sheriff, and a clerk to the county, were taken, and the business of the election finished with ease, and with the most perfect order and decorum, in three days. All votes by ballot, which is here considered the only way to obtain independent and unbiassed votes; and if so in this country, how much more in the British islands, where the aristocracy and higher orders are so infinitely more powerful, influential, and numerous. The late eminent Dr. Dwight, President of Yale College in Connecticut describes an election meeting in New England very much as I witnessed it here. After declaring that he had never known a single shilling paid for a vote, he says, I have lived long in New England. On the morning of an election day, the elec-widest and most frequent hospitality, and includes tors assemble either in a church or a town-house, in the the women, who are effectually proscribed by our centre of the township, of which they are inhabitants. The after-dinner convival system. The tea the enter qusiness of the day is sometimes introduced by a sermon, tainment of ceremony in middle life in America, reand very often by public prayer. A moderator is chosen.minds us of the social suppers of Edinburgh, immorThe votes are given in with strict decency, without a single debate, without noise, or disorder, or drink-and with not a little of the sobriety seen in religious assemblies. The meeting is then dissolved; the inhabitants return 'quietly to their homes, and have neither battles nor disputes. I do not believe that a single woman, bond or free, ever appeared at an election in New England since the colonization of the country. It would be as much as

her character was worth.

"Dr. Dwight's authority, however, is not greater than many oihers to which I might refer. Chancellor Kent of New York is a person of the greatest respectability as a mau, and of the highest character as a lawyer. In his Commentaries, which is quite a standard book, he bears this evidence on the subject of elections: The United States, in their improvements upon the rights of representation, may certainly claim pre-eminence over all other governments, ancient and modern. Our elesction are held at stated seasons, established by law. The people vote by ballot in small districts; and public officers preside over the elections, receive the votes, and maintain order and fairness. Though the competition between candidates is generally active, and the zeal of rival parties sufficiently excited, the elections are everywhere conducted with tranquillity.'

talized by old Creech-which prevailed before we became so ultra-refined and routish. "It never," says Jack Cade "was a merry world since gentlefolks came up," and gentlefolks are still scarce in America.-We take Mr. Stuart's account of both the easy friendly dinner, and the social solid tea.

"The kindness and hospitality of the Americans are quite unostentatious. I write, however, of the mass of the people, and without reference to the small number of people, who consider themselves the great in this country. An invitation to dinner is generally given in such words as these I will be pleased to see you at two oclock.' Frequently no change whatever is made in the dinner, supYour friend knows that there is posing you to accept.

That dealways abundance of good food upon his table. gree of attention is shown to you which a stranger meets with everywhere, in seeing that his plate be filled in the first instance with what he likes, but no pressing or entreaty are used to make him eat or drink more than he likes. If wine is produced, it is left for him to partake of There is hardly ever any talk it or not as he chooses. about the dinner, or the quality of the wine, which you are not provoked to drink by being told how many years it

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"It is much more probable that, even amongst the richest classes, excluding always a few who form small coteries in the great towns, or who have been much in England, you will hear little conversation, and that relating more to their professional pursuits, their gains, and their dollars, and their political situations, than to the food they are eating, or the wine they are drinking."

But the Tea is the entertainment of ceremony. “Tea-parties, which are very common in the United States, in some measure make up for what I look upon as the more rational and comfortable conversational dinner of the middling, the best classes of society in Britain. Where those tea-parties take place by invitation, the table is ilberally covered, and with a greater number of articles, such as a profusion of cakes of various kinds and preserves. Animal food, too, of some description or other, is almost always produced,—and after the tea or supper is finished, wine of various kinds, nuts, fruit, &c. are placed on the sideboard, or handed round. There is, perhaps, a little more room for conversation at such parties than at British routes; but still I conceive the rational interchange of sentiment which takes place at English dinners, to be, generally speaking, awanting in the meal which is called by the same name in the United States. Let it not, however, be supposed, that I mean to insinuate that at any dinner, public or private, either a stranger or native has any reason to expect an uncivil answer to any conversation which he may address to any one sitting at table; but the custom is so universal in the most populous part of the United States, to leave the table immediately after dinner, to smoke a cigar, and afterwards to return to professional business; that the people generally seem to me to be least inclined for convivial conversation at the very time when we, with better taste, as I think, enjoy it most. I am bound, however, to add, after seeing much more of the United States than I had done when I was making these remarks, that I have been at many tea-parties in various parts of the country where, sitting over our wine after tea, we had the enjoyment of agreeable and instructive conversation for quite as long a time as should ever be devoted to it either in the Old or New World."

The following sketch of a Yankee driver conveys a great deal. We must notice that at first brush, Mr. Stuart had rather shied his acute, loquacious and well-informed driver.

"At length we approached the door of our hotel, and all

of us felt regret at the idea of so soon being deprived of the agreeable society of our charioteer. As soon as we got out of the carriage, when we were within hearing of each

His

merchant in the village, and had mills and a store. neighbours had singled him out,-not on account of his education, which was not superior to that of his fellow. citizens, but on account of his shrewdness and good chatacter, to make him a justice of peace, which confers the title of judge. As justice of peace, he gave so great satisfaction that they promoted him to be their high sheriff. In the latter capacity he had business this morning to transact at Caldwell, the county town, and where the jail committed to his charge is situated. This explains the driving seat was the son of a prisoner in the jail, to whom anxiety he expressed to be off early. The little boy on the cobbler stick to his last,' has no part in the republican he was carrying linens. Ne sutor ultra crepidam, let the character of America."

We meant to have given Mr. Stuart's rencon tres in the wildernesses and prairies with our country-folks, but must defer this till another week,with much more than we have to say of a book, which will soon be in every one's hands,

1

STATE OF THE WORKING CLASSES.

DR. CHALMERS' PAMPHLET.

WE were not a little provokéd to find the fallacious statements of the last Number of the Edinburgh Review, extensively quoted by the country press, as containing a true view "of the vastly improved condition of all classes, but parti cularly of labourers, since the American war, and especially during the present century." Dr Chalmers, in vindication of his own opinions, has taken the field against the Reviewer. His refutation of "the peace peace" or "the peace and prosperity" optimists is triumphant on the point to which alone we can advert. So hear the Rev. Doctor.

ed.

"When a writer maintains an untenable posi tion which he employs, with specially emphatic tion, we generally meet, in the style of exaggera.' clauses. The reviewer tells us, "that, instead of being stationary or retrograde, the condition of all classes, but particularly of the labourers, has been vastly improved since the American war, and especially during the present century." Now, it so happens, that in both the clauses where he has other, I applied for, and had the sanction of my fellow-laid the stress of particularity on the one, and of travellers, to beg him to favour us with his company at especiality on the other, the emphasis is misplac If, by labourers, he meant those to whom the designation purely and properly belongs, who re ceive wages simply in return for the exertion of their strength, and not because of the power they have of bringing to a dead stand, or state of unproductiveness, the enormous capital of their employers; it will be found, under our exposure of the reviewer's first great errror, that their wages lie at the bottom of the scale. And, again, under found that a general re-action, in the condition of our exposure of his second great eror, it will be the working classes, took place about twenty years ago; and that, precisely during the present cen tury, their progress was first arrested, and then turned backwards. He has been unfortunate both in regard to the class of men, and to the period of years, on which he meant to lay the pith of his argument. He made a two-fold selection, for the

dinner, and to take a glass of wine with us. I hastened to the bar-room, where I found him smoking a cigar. I preferred my request in the most civil terms I could think of. He looked at me for a moment, and then expressed great surprise, that a foreigner should have asked his driver to dine with him. I urged our anxiety to have a little more of his agreeable company, and promised that we should endea. vour to impart to him all the information we could give, relative to the institutions of our own country, in return for the valuable communications he had inade to us. But he finally declined, with perfect civility, though, at the sametime, with that sort of manner which prevented any

attempt to press him. His family,' he said, 'expected him,

and he must go home. Perhaps, sir,' he added, you was not aware that the High Sheriff of the County was your driver to-day. We are very neighbourly here. The horses xpected for you this morning had not come in, and I could not refuse my neighbour, (mentioning his name,) when he applied to me. I have good horses and would have been sorry to disappoint a stranger. Having finished Lis cigar, Mr. Spencer took leave of me with a shake of the handl We found on inquiry, that he was a genera!

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