women," says he, "instead of laborious studies, have curious needle-works, cut-works, spinning, bone-lace making, with other pretty devices to adorn houses, cushions, carpets, stool-seats, &c. Not but some of these masculine females have occasionally made their appearance; and at the commencement of the last century, it should seem that they were more commonly seen than in Burton's time, which gave occasion for the following satirical paper in one of the Spectators, written by Addison: "I have," says he, very frequently the opportunity of seeing a rural Andromache, who came up to town last winter, and is one of the greatest fox-hunerrs in the country; she talks of hounds and horses, and makes nothing of leaping over a six-bar gate. If a man tells her a waggish story, she gives him a push with her hand in jest, and calls him an impudent dog; and, if her servant neglect his business, threatens to kick him out of the house. I have heard her in her wrath call a substantial tradesman a lousie cur; and I remember one day, when she could not think of the name of a person, she described him, in a large company of men and ladies, as the fellow with the broad shoulders." SCRAPS. ORIGINAL AND SELECTED. ULTIMA DOMUS. STRENGTH OF WINE BOTTLES.-M. Collardeau has constructed a machine for the purpose of trying the strength of wine bottles. It has been presented to the Academy of Sciences, and reported upon by M. Hachette. The apparatus, which is simple, may be well adopted in this country. The bottle to be tried is held by the neck, by means of a lever having three branches, which grasp it below the ring. Being then filled with water, it is connected, by means of pipes, with a forcing-pump the pipe having a cap furnished with leather, which is firmly held down by the apparatus upon the mouth of the bottle. A pressure-gauge, or manometer, as M. C. calls it, is connected with the water-pipe, and this serves to indicate the precise amount of pressure on the bottle. When a bottle is burst in this way by the hydraulic press, no violent dispersion of its parts takes place, unless, indeed, instead of being entirely filled with water, a portion of air is left in the neck of the bottle. In this way it was ascertained that all brisk or effervescent fluids would require a glass bottle, whose resisting power should not be less than twelve atmospheres, or about 180 lbs. on each inch TEA PUNCH.-The following receipt for making tea punch is taken from the Journal des Connaissances Usuelles. It will be remembered that our late King was very partial to this delicious beverage :-Hyson tea, lb.; black tea, 4 oz.; boiling water, three gallons; sugar, 16 half a On the gate to the burial vault of the Dukes of Rich-lb.; old brandy, (Eau de Vie) 2 gallons; rum, mond, in their chapel, at Goodwood, is inscribed, "ultima domus." This inscription gives rise to the following impromptu lines: Did he who reared this funeral wall, That house is not a house of LORDS. ANCESTOR OF LORD ORMELIE.-About the beginning of last century, a sober and industrious weaver, named Gavin, (no Celt, it is presumed,) lived in a cottage in the parish of Lunan. He had a son, Davy, whom he educated to his own trade, but Davy proved to be " a lazy weaver;" in short, he attended to any thing but his business. At that time the celebrated bay of Lunan was greatly fre quented by Dutch smugglers, and it is said that Davy could not resist the temptation of assisting them in their dangerous avocations. Despairing of his well-doing at home, old Gavin determined on sending him abroad "to push his fortune." Davy was accordingly shipped off for Holland, where it is unnecessary to trace the course of his adventures; suffice it to say, that it was fortunate; and, after the lapse of years, the "Lazy Lunan weaver' returned home a rich man, and what is more, with a high and unblemished reputation. He purchased Renmuir, an estate in the adjoining parish of Kennell, and Langton in the Merse." He married" an Earl's daughter;" and David Gavin, Esq. of Langton became the father of the present Marchioness of Braidalbane, and consequently the grandfather of the Earl of Ormelie. Old Gavin was provided for, and was for many years afterwards noted in the parish for wearing a scarlet cloak and a cocked hat. [This story has been told to the imagined disparagement of this patriotic young nobleman. We tell to his praise that there is in his family talent and enterprize, of which, no doubt, he has his share. ] PURE AIR.-Dr. Van Marum, has recently discovered a very simple method, proved by repeated experiments, of preserving the air pure in large halls, theatres, hospitals, &c. The apparatus for this purpose is nothing but a common lamp, made according to Argand's construction, suspended from the roof of the hall, and kept burning, under a funnel, the tube of which rises above the roof without, and is furnished with a ventilator. For his first experiment he filled his laboratory with the smoke of deal shavings. In a few minutes after he lighted his lamp the whole smoke disappeared, and the air was perfectly purified. gallon; citric acid, and spirit of citron, of each three ounces. The tea is first infused in the water, the citric acid and sugar are then dissolved, and the other ingredients added. We cannot recommend all our readers to adhere to the above quantities, especially at this season. We are happy to assure them, at the same time, that the Journal before named says, that an additional quantity of tea water may be used if indicated by the palate of the bon vivant. We take this to be sufficient licence for diminishing the quantity of Eau de Vie, which we certainly cannot reconmend notwithstanding its attractive designation. NEW SPECIES OF WHEAT.-A variety of wheat, which does not seem liable to the attack of the wheat-fly, has been accidentally found. It is most prolific, and grows a foot taller than the common wheat. It is awned, and some what like the Egyptian, but of a clearer colour, without the protuberances of the latter. If once a supply of this variety for seed be found, the fly will be starved. Of a patch standing in the middle of a field, where every ear of the common wheat was hurt, and the flies were numerous, not an ear was touched, although other bearded varieties suffered.-Highland Society Transactions. THE AND EDINBURGH WEEKLY MAGAZINE. CONDUCTED BY JOHN JOHNSTONE. THE SCHOOI.MASTER IS ABROAD. LORD BROUGHAM. No. 31.-VOL. II. SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1833. PRICE THREE-HALFPENCE. OFFICIAL COSTUMES. STATE MUMMERY. If he her AUGUST MOTHER.-Old Mrs Brougham was in Or all the changes which Society is undergoing, none is so rapid in progress as the change of taste. This has proceeded of late with such accelerated velocity, that extremes have met. We have a recent writer, in one of the fashionable periodicals, (the New Monthly,) calling George the Fourth, long known to his subjects as "The first gentleman in Europe," an Incarnation of vulgarity! What a phrase! It is certain that the robes and gilt tags, imagined by his "princely taste for magnificence,' sold lately for an old song; a bargain even to a country manager as stage properties. And the change has extended, and is descending. Fewer and fewer gazers are every year in attendance on the Lord Mayor's gilt coach; and our own Lord High Commissioner paces up a nearly empty street; the few spectators being more interested in the Bold Dragoons, than the representative of Majesty in the Scottish Kirk. It is time that state ceremonies were renounced when they become amockery and a jest ; and that, in an enlightened age pageants gave place to the simplicity of a higher civilization. We have, in ordinary life, long since laid aside bag-wigs, tawdry lace, and embroidery, and are called upon to follow the same course with tawdry observances, ridiculous pomps and mummeries, and disguisings of the human form. In the first number of Mr. Buckingham's Parliamentary Review, (which, by the way, promises well,) there is an amusing description of the solemn opening of the new Parliament, at which Lord Brougham topped his part. Pity the part, as a mere part, had become obsolete before his Lordship began to star it on those boards. For Bonaparte himself, who has quoted "the late king, my uncle," discovered not a finer genius for the shews of state-craft, when, in the Tuileries, he strictly regulated the imperial court by the rules of the old régime, ekeing out his own scanty camp knowledge with the recollections of the superannuated Dowagers of the Faubourg St. Germain, and supplying all deficiencies by his zeal and tact. Un-long grey pendant flaps or wings of the judicial fortunately, not much came of it; the bulk of the nation were of the humour of Hortense, splitting her sides with laughter at the new part every one around her was mumming in, and fit to expire out right when inquiries were first addressed to her about Of the costume of the learned, noble, and distinguished personages who occupied the woolsack, as his Majesty's Commissioners, it would be difficult for any one, not acquainted with the art of robing, or initiated into the mysteries, which are, no doubt, familiar enough to the keeper of the wardrobe, or groom of the stole, to give an accurate description. Its general effect, however, may be described in one single word-it was grotesque. The Lord Chancellor wore his ermined scarlet robe, adown which, on either shoulder, hung the wig, not unlike the falling ear-laps of the white or grey elephant of Ava or Siam; and on the extreme point, or crown of the head, just large enough to cover the black patch which distinguishes a serjeant's wig, as though indicating a broken skell duly impressed with the superior dignity of their brother legislators of the Upper House.' Let us hope that one of the very first bills (if bill be necessary) that his Lordship will bring in, may be, one to enable him to doff the beaver-tailed wig, skull-cap, &c., &c., &c. By way of rider, a similar privilege might be secured to our own Lord Advocate, and other minor performers in the State Drama. It is cruel that. when every gentleman's gentleman in the three kingdoms is permitted to wear plain clothes like any other Christain, we should keep our highest official men in their old mountebank liveries. What would an ambassador from Washington think of the scene and costumes described by Mr. Buckingham? Would the admiration of dark diplomats for the Queen of his late Majesty Radahma, from Pomaree, or the Sovereign of Ashantee, atone for manly, republican contempt of such fooleries? was placed a most diminutive and insignificant flat triangular hat, which, not coming down over any part of the block, or having any hold whatever on the rotundity of the seat of intelligence, might be literally called "a skull-cap," though affording so little protection to the small spot it covered, that it might have been blown away by the least breath | of wind, or pushed off by the touch of a feather. We remember well, on an occasion of visiting a Levantine consul at Joppa in Palestine, in the year 1816, a tolerably near parallel to this grotesque appearance, which is thus described in the volume recording the event:-,' The consul himself soon arrived, and presented one of the most singular mixtures of European and Asiatic costume that we had yet witnessed. His dress consisted of the long robes of the East, surmounted by a powdered bagwig, a cocked-hat, with anchor buttons, and black cockade, and a gold-headed cane, all of the oldest fashion." We thought, at the time, that the figure and costume of this old gentlemen were the most ON THE MORAL TRAINING OF CHILDREN. ridiculous that could be imagined; but we had not then seen a noble Lord presiding on the woolsack as a royal commissioner; and we now give the palm of grotesqueness to the Lord High Chancellor of England over the Levantine consul,—the. British peer leaving the Asiatic merchant an immeasurable distance behind. We have often heard the people of Yorkshire speak of the curious exhibition of Henry Brougham, the county member, when sworded, hatted, spurred, and mounted, as a knight of the shire in the Castle Yard at York; but it could have been nothing to this appearance of the same person on the woolsack; and both how incomparably less dignified than the simple dress and commanding air and manner of the earnest senator in the House of Commons, clothed in all the glory of impassioned eloquence, robed in the majesty of truth, and crowned by the coronet of a free nation's admiration! Oh! dignity! how little are thy true elements appreciated and under stood! "The finest point, however, in the whole scene was this:-When the clerk at the table read over, with deep and solemn tone, the Royal Commission, appointing the noble Lords to act, as he recited the names and titles of the Commissioners, he made a low bow to each, just as the devout idolators of the East bow down at the name of their favourite idol; to which each of the Commissioners responded by taking off his hat, and bowing low in return; not to the clerk, of course, but to the paper from which he was reading, just as the Mohammedans shew reverence to their Sultan's firmaun or decree, by bowing before it when they receive it, and putting it to their forebeads in token of respect. We laugh at the Turks for this extreme veneration; but wherein consists the difference between their dow bows and our own? "When the ceremonial had been gone through, the Lord Chancellor addressed the Members of the Commons. who must have been, by this time, (For the Schoolmaster.) LETTER IV. CHILDREN, from the earliest dawn of reason, should be learning from our lives, as well as conversation, an esteem for virtue, and a hatred for vice. In their education, our chief object should be, the instilling into them sentiments that are friendly to virtue and true religion; but in order minds, let us never forget that example has a effectually to impress these sentiments on their powerful effect. For, while esteem for virtue and piety is professed by words, but contradicted by conduct, in vain will be the effect of our religious or moral precepts. The experience of mankindin general confirms this; and yet how many cherish the vain idea of effecting wonders with their chil dren, by giving them lessons of virtue, and storing their memories with facts and theories, unaided by example? If we teach them the Love of the Supreme Being with our lips, and that of Mammon by our lives, we may assure ourselves the latter only will be taught effectually. Parents concerned for the welfare of their children, caution them against anger; yet if they see this passion given way to in the parents, of what effect is precept? Again, we advise them against an avaricious disposition; but if they discover that our prevailing desire is to accumulate wealth, will they be likely to act differently? We teach them the necessity of doing unto others as they would be done unto; and yet, if they detect us conducting ourselves contrary to this rule, will they not learn by our example to do as we do? A mother who is fond of dress and company; whose aim is to attract attention, and outshine her neighbours and friends in the splendour of her furniture, &c., may indeed lecture her children on the necessity of humility, and caution them against the pomps and vanities of this world: such lessons may play upon the ear, but will never sink into the heart, while they are taught by her example, that these very pomps and vani In es are the prime end of existence. Parents who another thing which ought carefully to be avoided. re devoted to pleasure and self-indulgence, must Where one or more of the children in a family, expect heir children to run the same course. are singled out as objects of especial regard, it selSoms again, err in pampering and indulging their dom fails to produce injurious consequences. childen in the pleasures of the palate. This mis- the favoured child, it lays the foundation for pride take kindness is attended with more danger, per- and self-importance. With the others it excites hap than they are aware of. It is not only in- | hatred and jealousy, and is the cause of continual juous to the health, but also to the mind, by as. dissensions in the family. Whatever may be the giating the idea of happiness with the gratifica- motives with parents for partiality, they will unon of appetite; whence proceeds the degrading doubtedly have much to answer for the evils which abit of self-indulgence in eating and drinking in it produces. Concord in a family greatly depends riper years. All provocatives to eating, should, as on the parent's management; but it cannot be exmuch as possible, be kept out of the way of chil-pected where partiality is shown. That love and dren, but if they unavoidably see and desire them, 'let gentle, but firm refusal, upon the ground of such viands being pernicious, teach them a lesson of self-command. Appetite should be natural; and if it be so, it will easily be satisfied; wherefore, if children ask for food between the regular meals, the very simplest should be given to them; which, if they really want, they will eat cheerfully. * harmony may prevail amongst children of the same family, one ought never to be praised at the expense of another. No insidious comparisons must be drawn. Neither should one be allowed to scoff at another who happens to be in disgrace. This practice destroys affection; and gives rise to resentment and retaliation. They should rather be taught to commiserate one another when in disgrace; and not be prevented from interceding in each others' behalf. All teasing derision should be strictly prohibited, as it tends to imbitter the best temper. Neither let them be indulged in a capricious whimsical taste, with respect to eating and drinking. For which purpose, they should be accustomed to take whatever plain food is deemed suitable for them; and to take it at the regular meal-times When children arrive at an age suitable to have of the family, if the meals be not at too long in- the care of their clothes, and other things, furtervals, or at too late an hour in the day. Habit nish each with a place for their little articles; and will regulate even the impulses of appetite, and being often told it is disgraceful to be disorderly, counteract unreasonable antipathies. Thus, by a they will soon adopt the same opinion, and see the little attention and prudent management, children propriety, not only as it respects neatness of clothmay be brought to relish every kind of simple ing, but of putting every article they use, when nourishment which may be set before them. For done with it, in its proper place. Thus, regularity such training, children will, in after-life, thank will become as easy, and even more agreeable to their parents and teachers. them, than irregularity. The habit of order and method is important; as the probability is, that, if early taught and prized, it will accompany them through life; and greatly prevent that inconvenience and perplexity which people often experience for want of it in the management of their busi Children, as soon as they are able to feed themselves, ought always to be admitted to table at meals; and our having company should never prevent it, provided there is room. By this means their manners will be improved, and they will learn from others how to behave, and get over that awkward bashfulness so natural to most of them. We are apt to err, indeed, in not attending sufficiently to bashful children, while the bold and lively are treated with smiles of approbation. Those who are shy and diffident ought to be brought as much into notice as possible: frequently introducing them into the company of engaging friends and acquaintance, will tend greatly to their getting the better of it. The frequent introduction into company, from whose conversation and manners instruction may be derived, is of no small consequence indeed to young people, particularly in keeping them from associating with low compan ions. ness. Do every thing in its proper season; put every thing in its proper place; cleanliness is next to godliness; these are maxims which cannot well be taught too soon, nor inculcated too often, nor impressed too deeply. Regularity in studies, in business, in amusements, is the fosterer of time; nay, it may almost be said that regularity makes time. Without it, how many precious hours are lost in confusion, and in seeking what to do next! Let your children, then, be habituated to regularity, in all their occupations, to do every thing in its due time; and let them be encouraged by your example. They will thank you in after-life for so useful a lesson. Much time is often lost, likewise, by having to look in one place and another for things that are wanted. Let children, therefore, be trained to replace books, and clothes, and work, and play.. things, in their proper situations, that they may be able to lay their hands on those, and other arti cles, whenever they are called for. Many a master, and especially many a mistress of a family, have lamented the want of this beneficial habit, in themselves, their children, and their servants. Cleanliness of person, and care of clothes, are habits not to be scorned, as they will have a kindly influence upon health and fortune. The most opulent parent ought not to be ashamed to adopt, in the economical education of his children, the excellent motto, "Waste not, want not." Early habits of care, and an early aversion and contempt of waste and extravagance, may preserve an estate, which, but for such previous training, might be soon lavished away. And, to encourage young people in economy, they should be taught to take a family interest in domestic expenses. Parental reserve in money matters, is impolitic: for as one judiciously observes, "That father who wraps his affairs up in mystery, and who views his child with jealous eyes, as a person who is to begin to live when himself dies, will probably make him an enemy, by treating him as such." A frank simplicity, and cordial dependence upon the integrity and sympathy of their children, will be more likely to insure to parents their disinterested friendship. Ignorance is always more to be dreaded than knowledge. Young people who are acquainted with family expenses, and the various wants of a family, will not be so likely to be unreasonable in their own expenditure. And the pleasure of being esteemed and trusted, is early felt, while the consciousness of deserving confidence is delightful to children. Let children, therefore, gradually learn the use and value of money, that they may be able to manage it to advantage, and to apply it to proper purposes. With respect to girls, this may be greatly aided, by giving them annual allowances, when they are deemed to be of a competent age, to provide for themselves, gloves, ribbons, and other trifling articles of dress. This, by giving them some idea of the expense of dress, may aid in teaching them the important lessons of economy and management. They should be encouraged to save something from this allowance for charitable purposes, that thus frugality and beneficence may be associated. They should also be early admonished, not intentionally to spoil or waste any thing of their own, which may be useful to poor people. They may be taught to take care of shoes and other articles of clothing, when past their use, that they may relieve with them the wants of poor little boys and girls, who have only such charitable supplies to depend on for protection from the cold. Thus, they will learn to save from a principle of benevolence, and not from selfish or sordid motives. Never should children be praised for what is not intrinsically valuable; nor, even for what is actually praise-worthy, should they be immoderately praised. In their presence, let no praise be bestowed upon richness and elegance of dress; upon mere external advantages; upon mere ornamental accomplishments; upon beauty of face or form; upon quickness of speech; upon any advantages not acquired by their own exertions Praise is pleasing, is fascinating to the heat; and therefore, upon whatsoever it is bestowd, with respect to that, praise creates agreeable ssocia tions, which will be useful or pernicious, acording to the subjects on which the praise is bestwed. A mistake in this respect may produce lamen ble consequences; while praise, judiciously and sir. ingly given, may prove a powerful and benefil motive. "Let your little girl," says Mrs. Hamilton, "be dressed in new and unusual finery and brought into company, where every voice shal join in praise of the ornaments with which she is decorated. Observe the satisfaction with which she eyes the pretty shoes, and pretty sash, which are the objects of admiration. The idea of praise may thus be associated with the idea of finery; and thus, no doubt, may the love of finery, and with it pride and vanity, be generated." If, on the contrary, the child be praised for obedience, for readiness to oblige, for diligence, for self-restraint and good temper, pleasing associations will cherish those valuable qualities. Let parents, therefore, take care that the seeds of pride and vanity be not sown in the minds of their children, by immoderate praise, even when some degree and kind of praise is deserved; by admiration expressed for talents, for external form, or gracefulness of deportment; for finery of dress, of house, of furniture. Self-love, self-satisfaction, are too easily excited, and grow too fast. They are very dangerous guests, and should be brought under strict command, if not expelled, as quickly as possible. I am, &c., A FRIEND TO EARLY EDUCATION. Edinburgh, Feb. 21st, 1833. SERVANTS. We RULES FOR SERVANTS formed part of our last publication; not wholly unerring, but generally judicious, and well-considered. The bad qualities of servants have formed a favourite subject of conversation, since Sarah, in a fit of perverseness, turned out the bonds-woman and her son. fear the censures passed upon this class of persons are often too just; but it is at least equally true, that their worst errors originate in the vices, corruptions, and excessive luxury of society. Among civilized nations, servants are found domestic comforts or plagues, in exact proportion to the state of manners, and to the equality or in equality in the distribution of the wealth of the society. If we may believe report, the worst servants in the world are at present to be found in the great and wealthy families who spend most of their time in London-pampered menials, whose wages and emoluments double or quadruple those of servants in quieter situations. Servants of this cast often understand household business (lying, cunning, and pilfering included) much better than the domestics of respectable families in the middle rank; they only lack fidelity, honesty, affec tion, gratitude, and respectful attachment. These |