Cicero, his view of the philosophical opi-
nions as to the immortality of the soul,
ii. 77. His encomium on the study of
the law, v. 308. System of his repub
lic, 320.

Cimmerian darkness, the expression of,
whence derived, iv. 95. note.
Circumcellions of Africa, Donatist schis-
matics, history of their revolt, iii. 67.
Their religious suicides, 70. Persecu-
tion of, by the emperor Honorius, iv.
217.

Circumcision of both sexes, a physical
custom in Æthiopia, unconnected with
religion, vi. 76.

Circus, Roman, the four factions in, de-
scribed, v. 54. Constantinople, and
the Eastern empire, distracted by these
factions, 56.

Cities in the Roman empire enumerated,
i. 54.

Commercial, of Italy, rise, and
government of, vi. 212.
Citizens of Rome, motive of Caracalla
for extending the privileges of, to all
the free inhabitants of the empire, i.
177. Political tendency of this grant,
186.

City, the birth of a new one, how celebra-

ted by the Romans, ii. 228. note.
Civilians of Rome, origin of the profes
sion, and the three periods in the his-
tory of, v. 317.

Civilis, the Batavian, his successful re-

volt against the Romans, i. 263.
Clawlian the poet, and panegyrist of Sti-
licho, his works supply the deficiencies
of history, iv. 11. Celebrates the mur-
der of Rufinus, 16. His death and
character, 77. His character of the
eunuch Eutropius, 170.

Claudius, emperor, chosen by the Præto-
rian guards, without the concurrence
of the senate, i. 81.
Claudius, emperor, successor to Gallienus,
his character and elevation to the
throne, i. 320.

Cleander, minister of the emperor Com-
modus, his history, i. 101.
Clemens, Flavius, and his wife Domitilla,
why distinguished as Christian mar-
tyrs, ii. 162.

Clement III. pope, and the emperor Hen-
ry III. mutually confirm each other's
sovereign characters, vii. 137.
Clement V. pope, transfers the holy see
from Rome to Avignon, viii. 201.
Clergy, when first distinguished from the
laity, ii. 109. 418.

The ranks and numbers of, how
multiplied, 424. Their property, ibid.
Their offences only cognisable by their
order, 427. Valentinian's edict to re-
strain the avarice of, iii. 265.
Clodion, the first of the Merovingian race
of kings of the Franks in Gaul, his
reign, iv. 275.

Clodius Albinus. governor of Britain, his
steady fidelity during the revolutions
at Rome, i. 122. Declares himself
against Julianus, 123.

Clotilda, niece of the king of Burgundy,
is married to Clovis king of the Franks,
and converts her Pagan husband, iv.
425. Exhorts her husband to the Go-
thic war, 435.

Clovis, king of the Franks, his descent,
and reign, iv. 420.

Cluverius, his account of the objects of
adoration among the ancient Ger-
mans, i. 257. note.

Cochineal, importance of the discovery
of, in the art of dying, v. 65. note.
Code of Justinian, how formed, v. 326.
New edition of, 333.

Codicils, how far adinitted by the Ro-
man law respecting testaments, v.
357.

Canobites, in monkish history, described,
iv. 387.

Coinage, how regulated by the Roman
emperors, viii. 184.
Colchos, the modern Mingrelia, describ-
ed. v. 229. Manners of the natives,
230. Revolt of, from the Romans to
the Persians, and repentance, 236.
Colchian war, in consequence, 239.
Coliseum, of the emperor Titus, observa-
tions on, viii. 274. Exhibition of a
bull-feast in 276.
Collyridian heretics, an account of, vi.
249.

Colonies, Roman, how planted, i. 41.
Colonna, history of the Roman family of,

vii. 203.

Colossus of Rhodes, some account of, vi.
357.

Columns of Hercules, their situation, i.
30.

Comana, the rich temple of, suppressed,
and the revenues confiscated, by the
emperors of the East, ii. 271.
Combat, judicial, origin of, in the Salic
laws, iv. 448. The laws of, accord-
ing to the assize of Jerusalem, vii. 253.
Apology for the practice (f, 398. note.
Comets, account of those which appear-
ed in the reign of Justinian, v. 293.

Commentiolus, his disgraceful warfare

against the Avars, v. 441.
Commodus, emperor, his education, cha-
racter, and reign, i. 96.

Comneni, origin of the family of, on the

throne of Constantinople, vi. 125. Its
extinction, viii. 162.

Conception, immaculate, of the Virgin
Mary, the doctrine of, from whence
derived, vi. 251.

Concubine, according to the Roman civil
law, explained, v. 347.
Conflagration, general, ideas of the pri
mitive Christians concerning, ii. 84.
Conquest, the vanity of, not so justifiable
as the desire of spoil, iii. 283. Is ra-
ther achieved by art, than personal
valour, iv. 235.

Conrad III. emperor, engages in the se-
cond crusade, vii. 259. His disastrous
expedition, 264.

Conrad of Montferrat, defends Tyre
against Saladin, vii. 281. Is assassina-
ted, 285.

Constance, treaty of, 214.

Constans, the third son of Constantine
the Great, is sent to govern the west-
ern provinces of the empire, ii. 301.
Division of the empire among him
and his brothers, on the death of their
father, 312. Is invaded by his brother
Constantine, 321. Is killed, on the
usurpation of Magnentius, 323. Es-
poused the cause of Athanasius against
his brother Constantius, iii. 46.
Constans II. emperor of Constantinople,

vi. 85.

Constantia, princess, grand-daughter of

Constantine the Great, is carried by
her mother to the camp of the usurp-
er Procopius, iii. 248. Narrowly es-
capes falling into the hands of the
Quadi, 306. Marries the emperor
Gratian, 310.

Constantina, daughter of Constantine the
Great, and widow of Hannibalianus,
places the diadem on the head of the
general Vetranio, ii. 325. Is married
to Gallus, 340. Her character, 341.
Dies, 345.
Constantina, widow of the Eastern em-

peror Maurice, the cruel fate of, and
her daughters, v. 449.
Constantine the Great, the several opi-
nions as to the place of his birth, ii. 4.
His history, 5. He is saluted emperor
by the British legions on the death of
his father, 7. Marries Fausta, the
daughter of Maximian, 13.
Puts

Maximian to death, 20. General re-
view of his administration in Gaul, 22.
Undertakes to deliver Rome from the
tyranny of Maxentius, 25. Defeats
Maxentius, and enters Rome, 33.
His alliance with Licinius, 37. De-
feats Licinius, 43, 44. Peace conclu-
ded with Licinius, 45. His laws, 46.
Chastises the Goths, 49.
war with Licinius, 50.

-

Second civil

Motives which induced him to
make Byzantium the capital of his
empire, ii. 220. Declares his deter-
mination to spring from divine com-
mand, 228. Despoils other cities of
their ornaments to decorate his new
capital, 232. Ceremony of dedicating
his new city, 238. Form of civil
and military administration established
there, 239. Separates the civil from
the military administration, 258. Cor-
rupted military discipline, 260. His
character, 288. Account of his fami-
ly, 292. His jealousy of his son Cris.
pus, 294. Mysterious deaths of Cris-
pus and Licinius, 296. His repentance
and acts of atonement inquired into,
297. His sons and nephews, 299.
Sends them to superintend the several
provinces of the empire, 301. Assists
the Sarmatians, and provokes the
Goths, 305. Reduces the Goths to
peace, 306, His death, 308. Attempt
to ascertain the date of his conversion
to Christianity, 387. His Pagan su-
perstition, 390. Protects the Chris-
tians in Gaul, 391. Publishes the
edict of Milan, ibid. Motives which
recommended the Christians to his fa-
vour, 393. Exhorts his subjects to
embrace the Christian profession, 397.
His famous standard the Labarum
described, 400. His celebrated vision
previous to his battle with Maxentius,
402. Story of the miraculous cross in
the air, 405. His conversion account-
ed for, from natural and probable
causes, 407. His theological discourses,
409. His devotion and privileges, 410.
The delay of his baptism accounted
for, 411. Is commemorated as 3
saint by the Greeks, 414. His edict
against heretics, iii. 1. Favours the
cause of Cæcilian against Donatus, 5.
His sensible letter to the bishop of
Alexandria, 29. How prevailed on to
ratify the Nicene creed, 31. His levi-
ty in religion, 32. Granted a tolera-
tion to his Pagan subjects, 72. His

Officers of state, 19. Military cha-
racter of the Greeks, 32. The name
and character of Romans, supported
to the last, 42. Decline, and revival

of literature, 43.

The city menaced
by the Turks, 80. Account of the Va-
rangians, 85. Naval expeditions of
the Russians against the city, 89.

-, Origin of the separation of the
Greek and Latin churches, vii. 300.
Massacre of the Latins, 307. Inva-
sion of the Greek empire, and conquest
of Constantinople by the crusaders,
329. The city taken, and Isaac An-
gelus restored, 332. Part of the city
burnt by the Latins, 335. Second
siege of the city by the Latins, 337.
Is pillaged, 340 Account of the sta-
tues destroyed, 345. Partition of the
Greek empire by the French and Ve-
netians, 349. The Greeks rise against
their Latin conquerors, 358 The
city retaken by the Greeks, 375. The
suburb of Galata assigned to the Ge-
noese, 444. Hostilities between the
Genoese and the emperor, 446. How
the city escaped the Moguls, 468. Is
besieged by the sultan Amurath II.
viii. 37. Is compared with Rome, 93.
Is besieged by Mahomet II. sultan of
the Turks, 138. Is stormed and taken,
151. Becomes the capital of the Turk-
ish empire, 160.

Constantius Chlorus, governor of Dalma-

tia, was intended to be adopted by the
emperor Carus, in the room of his vi-
cious son Carinus, i. 386. Is associat-
ed as Cæsar by Diocletian in his ad-
ministration, 398. Assumes the title
of Augus.us, on the abdication of Dio-
cletian, ii. 2. His death, 7. Granted

a toleration to the Christians, 205.
Constantius, the second son of Constan-
tine the Great, his education, ii. 300.
Is sent to govern the Eastern provinces
of the empire, 301. Seizes Constanti-
nople on the death of his father, 311.
Conspires the deaths of his kinsmen,
312. Division of the empire among
him and his brothers, ibid. Restores
Chosroes king of Armenia, 316. Bat-
tle of Singara with Sapor king of Per-
sia, 317. Rejects the offers of Mag-
nentius and Vetranio, on the plea of a
vision, 325. His oratian to the Illyrian
troops at the interview with Vetranio,
327. Defea's Magnentius at the bat-
tle of Mursa, 331. His councils go-

verned by eunuchs, 337. Education
of his cousins Gallus and Julian, 339.
Disgrace and death of Gallus, 344.
Sends for Julian to court, 349. Invests
him with the title of Cæsar, 351. Vi-
sits Rome, 353. Presents an obelisk
to that city, 356. The Quadian and
Sarmatian wars, ibid. His Persian
negotiation, 360. Mismanagement of
affairs in the. East, 267. Favours the
Arians, iii. 32. His religious charac-
ter by Ammianus the historian, 34.
His restless endeavours to establish an
uniformity of Christian doctrine, 35.
Athanasius driven into exile by the
council of Antioch, 43. Is intimidated
by his brother Constans, and invites
Athanasius back again, 45. His se-
vere treatment of those bishops who
refused to concur in deposing Athana-
sius, 50. His scrupulous orthodoxy,
52. His cautious conduct in expelling
Athanasius from Alexandria, 53. His
strenuous efforts to seize his person,
56. Athanasius writes invectives to
expose his character, 59. Is constrain-
ed to restore Liberius, bishop of Rome,
62. Supports Macedonius, bishop of
Constantinople, and countenances his
persecutions of the Catholics and No-
vatians, 66. His conduct towards his
Pagan subjects, 73. Envies the fame
of Julian, 78. Recalls the legions from
Gaul, 79. Negociations between him
and Julian, 89. His preparations to
oppose Julian, 98. His death and cha-
racter, 100.
Constantius, general, relieves the British
emperor Constantine when besieged
in Arles, iv. 146. His character and
victories, ibib. His marriage with Pla-
cidia, and death, iv. 207.

Constantius, secretary to Attila king of
the Huns, his matrimonial negocia-
tion at the court of Constantinople, iv.
251.

Consul, the office of, explained, i. 73.

Alterations this office underwent under
the emperors, and when Constantino-
ple became the seat of empire, jii. 242.
The office of, suppressed by the empe
ror Justinian, v. 109. Is now sunk to
a commercial agent, viii. 183.
Contracts, the Roman laws respecting,
v. 359.

Copts of Egypt, brief history of, vi. 67.
Corinth, reviving as a Roman colony,

celebrates the Isthmian games, under

the emperor Julian, iii. 114. The isth-
mus of, fortified by the emperor Jus-
tinian, v. 92.

Cornwal, reduction of, by the Saxons, iv.
474.

Coronary gold, nature of those offerings

to the Roman emperors, ii 285.
Corvinus, Matthias, king of Hungary,
his character, viii. 110.
Cosmas Indicopleustes, account of his
Christian topography, v. 72. note. vi.
56. note.

Cosmo of Medicis, his character, viii. 89.
Councils and synods of

Antioch, iii. 43.
Arles, iii. 48

Basil, viii. 61.
Cæsarea, iii. 41.

Carthage, iv. 401. v. 135.
Chalcedon, iv, 188, vi. 29.
Clermont, vii. 196.
Constance, viii. 57. 61. 246.
Constantinople, iii. 404. vi. 45.
49. 159. vii. 305.
Ephesus, vi. 20.28.
Ferrara, viii. 68.
Florence, viii. 69.
Frankfort,vi 188.
Lyons, iv. 430. vii. 370. 407.
Milan, ii. 48.

Nice, iii 20. vi. 186.

Pisa, vii. 250.

Placentia, vii. 194.

Rimini, iii. 28.

Sardica, iii. 45.

Toledo, iv. 413. 416.467.
Tyre, iii. 41

Count, great difference between the an-
cient and modern application of this
title, ii. 259. By whom first invented,
ib. Of the sacred largesses, under Con-
stantine the Great, his office, 270. Of
the domestics in the Eastern empire,
his office, 272.

Courtenay, history of the family of, vii.
382.

Crescentius, consul of Rome, his vicissi-

tudes, and disgraceful death, vi. 211.
Crete, the isle of, subdued by the Sara-
cens, vi. 445. Is recovered by Nice-
phorus Phocas, 464. Is purchased by
the Venetians, vii. 353.
Crimes, how distinguished by the penal
laws of the Romans, v. 370.
Crispus, son of Constantine the Great, is
declared Casar, ii. 45. Distinguishes
his valour against the Franks and Ale-
manni, 48. Forces the passage of the
Hellespont, and defeats the fleet of Li-

cinius, 53. His character, 293. His
mysterious death, 295.

Crispus, the Patrician, marries the daugh-
ter of Phocas, and contributes to de-
pose him, v. 450. Is obliged to turn
monk, 452.

Croatia, account of the kingdom of, vii.
70.

Cross, the different sentiments entertain-
ed of this instrument of punishment,
by the Pagan and Christian Romans,
ii. 400. The famous standard of, in
the army of Constantine the Great de-
scribed, 401. His visions of, 402 405.
The holy sepulchre and cross of Christ
discovered, iii. 145. The cross of Christ
undiminished by distribution to pil-
grims, 147.

Crown of thorns, its transfer from Con-
stantinople to Paris, vii. 372.

Crowns, mural and obsidional, the distinc-
tion between, iii. 199. note.
Crusade, the first resolved on at the coun-
cil of Clermont, vii. 197. Inquiry intb
the justice of the holy war, 199. Exa-
mination into the private motives of
the crusaders, 204. Departure of the
crusaders, 207. Account of the chiefs,
211. Their march to Constantinople,
218. Review of their numbers, 225.
They take Nice, 229. Battle of Dory-
læum, 230. They take Antioch, 233.
Their distresses, 236. Are relieved by
the discovery of the holy lance, 238.
Siege and Conquest of Jerusalem, 243.
Godfrey of Bouillon chosen king of
Jerusalem, 247. The second crusade,
258. The crusaders ill-treated by the
Greek emperors, 261. The third cru-
sade, 281. Siege of Acre, 283. Fourth
and fifth crusades, 290. Sixth crusade,
293. Seventh crusade, 297. Recapitu-
lation of the fourth crusade, 319. Ge-
neral consequences of the crusades,
378.

Ctesiphon, the city of, plundered by the

Romansi. 232. Its situation described,
iii. 200. Julian declines the siege of
that city, 205. Is sacked by the Sara-
cens, vi. 321.

Cublai, emperor of China, his character,
vii. 466.

Curopalata, his office under the Greek
emperors, vii 19.
Customs, duties of, imposed by Augustus,
i. 181.

Cycle of indictions, the origin of, tra-
ced, and how now employed, ii. 276.

note.