burning pit, which sends forth its flames, its noisome smoke, and its hideous shapes, to terrify the adventurer.

8. Thence he goes on, amidst the snares and pitfalls, with the mangled bodies of those who have perished lying in the ditch by his side. At the end of the long dark valley, he passes the dens in which the old giants dwelt, amidst the bones and ashes of those whom they had slain.

9. Then the road passes straight on through a waste moor, till at length1 the towers of a distant city appear before the traveler; and soon he is in the midst of the innumerable multitudes of Vanity Fair. There are the jugglers and the apes, the shops and the puppet-shows. There are Italian Row,2 and French Row,2 and Spanish Row, and Britain Row, with their crowds of buyers, sellers and loungers, jabbering all the languages of the earth.

10. Thence we go on by the little hill of the silver mine, and through the meadow of lilies, along the bank of that pleasant river which is bordered on both sides by fruit trees. On the left side, branches off the path leading to that horrible castle, the court-yard of which is paved with the skulls of pilgrims; and right onward are the sheep-folds and orchards of the Delectable Mountains.

11. From the Delectable Mountains the way lies through the fogs and briers of the Enchanted Ground, with here and there a bed of soft cushions spread under a green arbor. And beyond, is the land of Beulah, where the flowers, the grapes, and the songs of birds never cease, and where the sun shines night and day. Thence are plainly seen the golden pavements and streets of pearl, on the other side of that black and cold river over which there is no bridge.

12. All the stages of the journey, all the forms which · cross or overtake the pilgrims—glants, and hobgoblins, ill-favored ones and shining ones, the tall, comely, swarthy Madam Bubble, 1 with her great purse by her side, and her fingers playing with her money; the black man in the bright vesture; Mr. Worldly Wiseman,1 and my Lord Hategood;1 Mr. Talkative,1 and Mrs. Timorous1 are all actually existing beings to us.

13. We follow the travelers through their allegorical progress with interest not inferior to that with which we follow Elizabeth from Siberia to Moscow, or Jeanie Deans from Edinburg to London.

14. Bunyan is almost the only writer that ever gave to the abstract the interest of the concrete. In the works of many celebrated authors, men are mere personifications. We have not an Othello, but jealousy; not an Iago, but perfidy, not a Brutus, but patriotism.

Be it a weakness, it deserves some praise,
We love the play-place of our early days;
The

scene is touching, and the heart is stone, That feels not at the sight, and feels at none.

The wall2 on which we tried our graving skill,

The very name we carved subsisting still;

The bench2 on which we sat while deep employed,
Tho' mangled, hacked, and hewed, not yet destroyed;
The little ones,2 unbuttoned, glowing hot,

1 Rule I., Rem. 4.

These sentences may be completed by supplying "here is," or some similar expression.

Playing our games, and on the very spot,
As happy as we once, to kneel and draw
The chalky ring, and knuckle down at taw,
To pitch the ball into the grounded hat,
Or drive it devious with a dexterous pat;
The pleasing spectacle at once excites
Such recollection of our own delights,
That, viewing it, we seem almost t'obtain
Our innocent, sweet, simple years again.

This fond attachment to the well known place,
Whence first we started into life's long race,
Maintains its hold with such unfailing sway,
We feel it e'en in age, and at our latest day.

GOD EVERYWHERE. - [COWPER.]

Nature is but a name for an effect,

Whose cause is God. He feeds the sacred fire
By which the mighty process is maintained;
Who sleeps not, is not weary; in whose sight
Slow circling ages are as transient days;
Whose work is without labor; whose designs
No flaw deforms, no difficulty thwarts;
And whose beneficence no change exhausts.
Him blind antiquity profaned, not served,

With self-taught rites, and under various names,
Female and male, Pompona, Pales, Pan,

And Flora and Vertumnus; peopling earth
With tutelary goddesses and gods,

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That were not; and commending as they would

To each some province, garden, field, or grove.

But all are under one. One spirit- His,

Who wore the platted thorns with bleeding brows,- 30

Rules universal nature. Not a flower

But shows some touch, in freckle, streak, or stain
Of his unrivaled pencil. He inspires

Their balmy odors, and imparts their hues,
And bathes their eyes with nectar, and includes
In grains as countless as the sea-side sands,
The forms with which he sprinkles all the earth.
Happy who walks with him! whom? what3 he finds
Of flavor or of scent in fruit or flower,
Or what he views of beautiful or grand
In nature, from the broad, majestic oak,
To the green blade that twinkles in the sun,
Prompts with remembrance of a present God.
His presence, who made all so fair, perceived,
Makes all still fairer. As with him no scene
Is dreary, so with him all seasons please.

AVARICE AND RICHES.-[POPE.]

At length corruption, like a general flood
So long by watchful ministers withstood,
Shall deluge all; and avarice, creeping on,

5

10

15

Spread like a low-born mist, and blot the sun;

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Statesman and patriot ply alike the stocks,

Peeress and butler share alike the box,

And judges job, and bishops bite the town,

And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.

See Britain sunk in lucre's solid charms,

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And France revenged of Anne's and Edward's arms!

'Twas no court-badge, great scrivener! fired thy brain,

Nor lordly luxury, nor city gain.

1 Rule XXI., Rem. 8.

* See Weld's Gram., § 102-2.

2 Of what verb is whom the object?

No, 'twas thy righteous end, ashamed to see
Senates degenerate,2 patriots disagree,2

And nobly wishing party-rage to cease,

To buy both sides, and give thy country peace.
"All this is madness," cries a sober sage;
But who, my friend, has reason in his rage?
The ruling passion, be it what it will,
The ruling passion conquers reason still.
Less mad the wildest whimsey we can frame,
Than even that passion, if it has no aim;

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10

For though such motives3 folly3 you may call,
The folly's greater to have none at all.

Hear then the truth: "Tis Heaven each passion sends,
And different men directs to different ends.

Extremes in nature equal good produce,
Extremes in man concur to general use.

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Ask we what makes one keep, and one bestow?
That power who bids the ocean ebb and flow;
Bids seed time, harvest, equal course maintain,
Through reconciled extremes of drought and rain;
Builds life on death, on change duration founds,
And gives the eternal wheels to know their rounds.
Riches, like insects, when concealed they lie,
Wait but4 for wings, and in their season fly:
Who sees pale Mammon pine amidst his store,
Sees but a backward steward for the
This year a reservoir5 to keep and spare,
The next a fountain,5 spouting through his heir,
In lavish streams to quench a country's thirst,
And men and dogs shall drink him till they burst.

poor;

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25

30

I Mention all the subjects of the verb fired in the three lines above. .How many simple sentences can be formed in those three lines? To what word do ashamed and wishing belong?

2 Rule XIX. 3 Rule XI.

4 Rule XXI., Rem. 9.

6 Rule 1.