Poor DisciplineUniversity of Chicago Press, 1993 - 286 páginas This powerful book reveals how modern strategies of punishment—and, by all accounts, their failure—relate to political and economic transformations in society at large. Jonathan Simon uses the practice of parole in California as a window to the changing historical understanding of what a corrections system does and how it works. Because California is representative of policies and practices on a national level, Simon explicitly presents his findings within a national framework. When parole first emerged as a corrections strategy in the nineteenth century, work was supposed to keep ex-prisoners out of trouble. This strategy foundered in the changing economy after World War II. What followed was a rehabilitative strategy, where the clinical expertise of the parole agent replaced the discipline of the industrial labor market in defining and controlling criminal deviance. Today, Simon argues, as drastic changes in the economy have virtually locked out an entire class, rehabilitation has given way to mere management. The effect is isolation of the offender, either in jail or in an underclass community; the result is an escalating cycle of imprisonment, destabilization, and insecurity. No significant improvement in the current penal crisis can be expected until we better understand the relationship between punishment and social order, a relationship which this book explores in theoretical, historical, and practical detail. |
Contenido
Parole as Normalization | 15 |
TWO Disciplinary Parole | 39 |
THREE Clinical Parole | 68 |
From Normalization to Management | 103 |
FOUR The Legal and Political Environment | 111 |
FIVE Parole and the Hardening of Urban Poverty | 138 |
SIX New Technologies of Control 19701990 | 169 |
Management and Governability | 203 |
Power without Narrative | 230 |
Dangerous Classes Laboring Classes | 250 |
References | 269 |
281 | |
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addiction administrative African-American agency arrest Berecochea Board of Prison California Department caseloads century chapter clinical model cocaine courts created crime criminal justice custody decision Department of Corrections determinate sentencing disciplinary model discipline discretion drug testing economic effect employment exercise felons Foucault frankpledge guidelines Hispanic income indeterminate individual inmates inner-city parolees institutions Kerner Commission labor market less managers manual mass surveillance ment Messinger model of parole Morrissey nalline narcotics networks normal norms offenders organization parole agent Parole Division parole officer parole release parole revocation parole staff parole supervision parole violators parolee's percent police political poor poverty power to punish practice prison labor prison population probation problem Progressive Era rationality recidivism reform returned to prison risk role Rothman Sebokeng sentence law significant social control society strategy supervisors technologies tion treatment underclass unit urban welfare