tribe, and it is quite possible that this is the only monument to some unfortunate paleface who encountered the Indian at the wrong moment. Hand in hand with civilization, and, indeed, a step in advance of her strides, the Love-ofmoney and the dance dress changed owners! It is hard to define in these days just what one means by wild Indian, or, indeed, to know whether there are still wild Indians in this country; but during the summer outing which brought the writer in contact with the famous Indians mentioned above, it also fell to her lot to join a small party who traveled across the plains to a point far up the Missouri River, one hundred and fifty miles northwest of Bismarck, to visit a camp of Mandans recently from Canadian lands. They came into the States and settled themselves on the deserted camp-ground of a tribe removed to the south, where they found a number of rough log houses and a most beautiful view of the "Big Muddy" as it rolled by them. These Indians were as nearly wild as one could find, never having received rations or having been identified with those more nearly civilized. Never had a white woman spent a night in their camp, and they chronicled the new event with interest. The object of this visit on the part of one of the party was to meet the chiefs and men in council and propose educational advantages for the children. The question was one of grave import to them, and they gathered in the twilight around the council fire in the customary circle, made up in part by the visitors. The pipe was passed round in solemn manner while in low tones the men agreed with one another as to what each one should say to the white man when his turn came to speak. The council was a grave one, since other than school matters were discussed, the Great Father being urged through his representative to send his children a boat in which they and their horses might cross to the other side of the river at such time as rations should be issued them, and the twilight faded into night long before the deliberations were at an end. Finally, when midnight approached, the Indians arose, saying that they had still much to talk of, but that white men were used to sleep at that hour and they would not tire them, but would leave them to rest in a log house at their disposal. In the night was heard a faint whistle away off in the distance, scarcely audible and yet distinct, followed by another in the opposite direction, both sounding unmistakably like signals. The writer forgot all about the glory of being the first white woman to spend a night in the camp, and heartily wished herself devoid of all distinction and in a civilized part of the land. She could arouse no sympathy on the part of her fellow-travelers, who sleepily said, "Why, yes, the Indians are around, evidently, but what of that!" Finally the soft swishing made by many moccasined feet in the long prairie grass about the cabin was heard on all sides. The morning brought to light the fact that, SITTING BULL'S PIPE excited by their unusual council, they had spent the hours of the night dancing in a distant lodge, and the homeward path led them directly by the cabin of the visitors, which stood on the outskirts of the camp. By Amory H. Bradford HE appearance of a new and perhaps the most elaborate and splendid edition of the "Pilgrim's Progress" that has ever been published is a suitable time for mentioning some facts concerning the great allegory which are not generally known even by the reading public. The "Pilgrim's Progress" is probably the most widely circulated book ever written except the Bible. Different persons find the secret of its popularity in different causes. The allegorical form, if it really possesses the quality of literature, is always popular. It has the advantage of a picture, and appeals to the eye as well as to the imagination. Simplicity of language is always a quality of books which are widely read, and this book is "a well of English undefiled." But neither its picturesqueness nor its exquisite simplicity is sufficient to account for its place in literature and its influence on the hearts and lives of men. That secret is in the universality of the religious sentiment, and in the feeling that Bunyan has truly represented human life's pilgrimage. Taine has said that the reason that the book is so great a favorite in England is that "the basis of Protestantism is the doctrine of salvation by grace, and no writer has equaled Bunyan in making this doctrine understood." That may account for the circulation in England, but it does not explain its circulation in Roman Catholic countries. The fact is that this work illustrates, as few others do, Emerson's fine lines: Out of the heart of nature rolled The litanies of nations came, Like the volcano's tongue of flame, The Bunyan literature now constitutes a library by itself, while every year new editions appear in still more elaborate forms. The book has been criticised and sneered at as few writings ever were, but it has steadily risen to the highest level in the world of letters. Bunyan's place is beside Shakespeare, Milton, and Dante. His allegory is a worthy companion for the immortal work of Dante, with the difference that while the Englishman endeavors to delineate the growth of a soul on the earth, the Florentine seeks to follow its upward movement beyond death. The first part of the Pilgrim's Progress" was written by John Bunyan during his second imprisonment in the Bedford jail, and not, as some have supposed, during his earlier imprisonment of twelve years in the jail of the county. About one-third was written after his release. The first part was completed when he was forty-seven years of age, and the second part when he was fifty-five. Bunyan lived in the wild days of the Puritan Revolution. He was a Puritan of the Puritans, as his pages show. For a while he was a soldier in the Parliamentary Army. He belongs to the same spiritual race as Cromwell and Milton. That rough time was one of the most fertile periods of the history of English letters. It produced the greatest ruler and soldier that ever governed England; the greatest dramatist of all time, for Shakespeare lived in the beginning of the Puritan struggle; the greatest of English epic poets; and the greatest allegorist. Such eras develop the tragic side of life and bring into clear relief the ever-changing but always intense struggle of the human soul. The first edition of the allegory was published in 1678, but the first and second editions were incomplete. The third was the first complete edition, and that appeared in 1679. Unlike many other great literary productions, the "Pilgrim's Progress" was popular from the first, although its readers then were found chiefly among the poorer classes-perhaps because most of the Puritans were humble people. Three editions were issued within about one year, and more than one hundred thousand copies were sold during Bunyan's lifetime. When the difference between the number who read then and that of those who read now is considered, this shows an absolutely amazing circulation. The first editions came from the press of Nathanael Ponder, of London, a publisher of Puritan books. Like Bunyan, Porder suffered for his principles, and at least once was in prison. It is pleasing to be informed, however, that this venture of Ponder's was a financial success, and that ever afterwards he was known as "Bunyan Ponder." The first edition was sold at one shilling and sixpence, and is described as having been "printed in small octavo, on yellowish-gray paper, from apparently new type, and extended to two hundred and thirty-two pages in addition to the author's apology and conclusion." "THE GENTLEMAN'S NAME WAS MR. WORLDLY-WISEMAN 99 The contrast between the sumptuous illustrations of the volume whose advance sheets are before me, some of which accompany this article, and the first rude attempt at illustration which appeared in the third edition, is not only interesting, but instructive as showing the progress which has been made in the art of illustration. The earlier edition has a portrait of the author by Robert White, which is described as follows: "In this portrait Bunyan is represented as sleeping over a den in which there is a lion, while above him Christian, with book in one hand, staff in the other, and burden on his back, is toiling up from the City of Destruction, low-lying, to a city on the heights bathed in sunlight." Copies of all the editions which have appeared from the first to our own time are known to be in existence, ex cept the seventh and the "THE NAME OF THE ELDEST WAS PASSION, AND OF THE OTHER PATIENCE" Vol. 60 Resignation of the French Ministry Published Weekly November 5, 1898 Last week was anticipated with many forebodings in France. No sooner was the session of the Chamber of Deputies opened on Tuesday than M. Deroulède, one of the most violent of the antiSemitic leaders, made an attack on the Minister of War, General Chanoine. The attack was evidently unexpected, and the General was unaccustomed to public speech. He mounted the tribune and made a halting and rather incoherent statement; in which he made it clear, however, in regard to the Dreyfus case, that he was of the same opinion as his predecessor in the Ministry of War. He made the usual statement that he was "the guardian of the honor of the army," and he ended, apparently in anger, by tendering his resignation. The retirement of the Minister of War was evidently a complete surprise to the Premier, and M. Brisson declared that when the question of submitting the documents in the Dreyfus case to the Court of Cassation was before the Cabinet General Chanoine had not raised any objection. He declared further that the Government was fully determined to uphold the civil power against the military, and asked for a suspension of the business of the Chamber, which was promptly granted. On the reassembling of the Chamber, M. Brisson declared that what he called the "irregular resignation" of the Minister of War had been accepted. A debate followed, in which the former Minister of War, M. Cavaignac, upon ascending the tribune, was greeted with shouts of "Forgery!" and "Razor!" A resolution affirming the su premacy of the civil over the military power was adopted by a practically unanimous vote, but, in the midst of a great uproar, an amendment to censure the Government "for not causing the honor of the army to be respected" was lost. This was followed by a resolution calling upon the Government to "end the campaign of insult against the No. 10 army." The Premier refused to accept this motion, and, on a vote being taken, it was found that the motion had been carried. A deputy promptly moved a vote of confidence in M. Brisson, which was defeated by 286 votes to 254; whereupon the Ministers withdrew from the Chamber, and, within a few hours, handed in their resignations to President Faure. During the session of the Chamber the streets in some quarters were filled with excited crowds. The police found it impossible to preserve order, and it was found necessary to call in the troops in order to clear the Rue Royale and the open space in front of the Madeleine. of Justice, where the Court of Cassation took up the consideration of the reopening of the Dreyfus case. Great crowds were in attendance, but there was no disorder. Madame Dreyfus was present, with Labori, who was counsel for Zola in the famous trial. The case was called upon the opening of the court, and Recorder Bard began his address by referring to the scandals which had surrounded the case from the beginning. He reviewed at length the history of the case from the time of the arrest of Dreyfus, and characterized the offense for which he was condemned as one of those crimes which inspire universal horror. He gave a résumé of the efforts made to obtain a revision of the case, including Madame Dreyfus's appeal for a revision, which was based on the assumption that the bordereau, or written memorandum, which is supposed to constitute the principal source of evidence, was written by Major Esterhazy. The authenticity of the Dreyfus signature to that document had been questioned by experts; the document itself was surrounded by suspicion. The |