3. Thou art young, and thou aimest, no doubt, at the glory of surpassing thy comrades.

4. God has said: you shall love your enemies, bless those that curse you, do good to those that persecute you, and pray for those who slander you. What a difference between these morals and those of philosophers!

(1.) Correct for, reprendre de.

(2.) Heard, écouter, ind-2; words, discours, sing.; my mind, etc. (I had not the mind, etc.); sufficiently free, assez libre; to make a reply, répondre à. (3.) Aimest at, aspirer à; surpassing, l'emporter sur, etc.

(4.) Slander, calomnier; between, de; morals, morale, f.; and that, à celle.

However, perspicuity requires the repetition of the pronoun, when the second verb is preceded by a long incidental phrase, as: il fond sur son ennemi, et, après l'avoir saisi d'une main victorieuse, il le renverse, comme le cruel aquilon abat les tendres moissons qui dorent la campagne.

EXERCISE.

1. He took the strongest cities, conquered the most considerabi provinces, and overturned the most powerful empires.

2. He takes a hatchet, completely cuts down the mast which was already broken, throws it into the sea, jumps upon it amidst the furious billows, calls me by my name, and encourages me to follow him.

3. He marshals the soldiers, marches at their head, advances in good order towards the enemy, attacks and routs them, and after having entirely routed them, he) cuts them to pieces.

(1.) Overturned, renverser.

(2.) Completely cuts down, achever - couper; jumps upon it, s'élancer dessu8; billows, onde.

(3.) Marshals, ranger en bataille; routs, renverser; entirely routed, achever de mettre en désordre; cuts, tuiller.

245. A personal pronoun, when the subject, must be repeated before verbs, when passing from an affirmation to a negation, and vice versá, or when the verbs are joined by a conjunction, except et and ni.

il veut, et il ne veut pas

EXAMPLES.

he will and he will not

il donne d'excellents principes, parce qu'il sait que les progrès ultérieurs en dépendent il donne et reçoit

il ne donne ni ne reçoit

he lays down excellent principles, because he knows that upon them depends all further progress

he gives and receives

he neither gives nor receives

Pronouns, when the regimen or the object are repeated before every verb.

EXAMPLES.

l'idée de ses malheurs le poursuit, le tourmente et l'accable

the idea of his misfortunes pursues (him), torments (him), ana overwhelms him

il nous ennuie et nous obsède he wearies (us) and besets us unceasingly

sans cesse

EXCEPTION. They are not repeated before such compound verbs as express the repetition of the same action, and when the verbs are in the same tense, as :

Je vous le dis et redis, il le fait et refait sans cesse.

EXERCISE.

1. It is inconceivable how whimsical she is; from one moment to another she will and she will not.

2. The Jews are forbidden to work on the sabbath; they are as it were locked in slumber; they light so fire, and carry no

water.

3. For nearly a week she has neither eaten nor drunk.

4. The soldier was not repressed by authority, but stopped from satiety and shame.

(1.) (She is of a whimsical cast inconceivable) whimsical cast, bizarrerie f. (2.) (It is forbidden to), forbidden, défendre; sabbath, jour du sabbat; locked, enchaîné; slumber, repos; light, allumer.

(3.) For, depuis; nearly, près de, a week, huit jours; has eaten....drunk, Ind-1.

(4.) Repressed, réprimer; stopped, s'arrêter, ind-3; from, par.

RELATION OF THE PRONOUN OF THE THIRD PERSON TO A NOUN EXPRESSED BEFORE.

246. The pronouns of the third person, il, ils, elle, elles, le, la, les, must always relate to a noun, whether subject or regimen, taken only in a definite

sense, antecedently expressed; but they must not be applied to a subject and regimen, at the same time.

EXAMPLES.

la rose est la reine des fleurs, aussi est-elle l'emblême de la beauté

j'aime l'ananas; il est exquis

the rose is the queen of flowers; therefore it is the emblem of beauty

I like the pine-apple; it is deli

cious

EXERCISE.

1. It is taste that selects the expressions, that combines, arranges, and varies them, so as to produce the greatest effect.

2. Horace answered his stupid critics not so much to instruct them, than to shew their ignorance, and let them see that they did not even know what poetry was.

3. Man embellishes nature itself; he cultivates, extends, and polishes it.

4. The Messiah is expected by the Hebrews; he comes and calls the Gentiles, as had been announced by the prophecies; the people that acknowledge him as come, is incorporated with the people that expected him, without a single moment of interruption.

(1.) So as to, de manière à ce qu'elles, subj-1.

(2.) Stupid, sot; not so much, moins; to, pour; show, (to them), their, etc.; let see, faire entendre; was, c'était que.

(4.) Gentiles, Gentil; (the prophecies had announced it); acknowledges, reconnaître; with, à; without, sans qu'il y ait; single, seul.

But the two following sentences would be equivocal:

Racine imité Euripide, en tout ce qu'il a de plus beau dans sa Phèdre

le légat publia une sentence d'interdit; il dura trois mois

Racine has imitated Euripides in all that he has most beautiful in his Phedra

the legate published a sentence of interdiction; it lasted three months

because, in the first of these two sentences, il may relate, either to Racine, or to Euripides; and, from the construction of the second sentence, il, relating to interdit, appears also to relate to légat. Again, it is not altogether correct to say:

nuile paix pour l'impie; il la cherche, elle fuit

no peace for the wicked: he seek it, it flies

Because, from the construction, the pronouns la and elle seem to relate to nulle paix, whereas their real antecedent is the substantive paix, but without the negative nulle.

EXERCISE.

1. Poetry embraces all sorts of subjects; it takes in every thing that is most brilliant in history; it enters the fields of philosophy; it soars to the skies; it plunges into the abyss; it penetrates to the dead; it makes the universe its domain; and if this world be not sufficient, it creates new ones, which it embellishes with enchanting abodes, which it peoples with a thousand various inhabitants.

2. Egypt aimed at greatness; and wished to strike the eye at a distance, always pleasing it by the justness of proportion.

3. Egypt, satisfied with its own territory, where every thing was in abundance, thought not of conquests; it extended itself in another manner, by sending colonies to every part of the globe. and with them politeness and laws.

(1.) Subjects, matière; takes in, se charger de; that is, y avoir de; (in) the felds, soars to, s'élancer dans; plunges, s'enfoncer; to, chez; (its domain of the universe); be sufficient, suffire; ones, monde; enchanting, enchanté; abodes, demeure; various, divers.

(2.) Greatness, grand; wished, vouloir; eye, pl.; at a distance, dans l'éloignenent; (in) pleasing, contenter.

(3. Was in abundance, abonder; thought of, songer à; in, de; by, en; to, par: part of the globe, terre.

ON THE PRONOUN soi.

247. Soi is generally accompanied by a preposition, and is used in phrases, where there is an indeterminate pronoun either expressed, or understood: on doit rarement parler de soi ; il est essentiel de prendre garde à soi. In this case, it is the regimen indirect; but it may be employed without a preposition.

1. With the verb étre, as: en cherchant à tromper les autres, c'est souvent soi qu'on trompe or on est souvent trompé soi-même, in attempting to deceive others, we frequently deceive ourselves. In this situation it is the subject.

2. After ne que, or by opposition, as :

to love only ourselves, is being good for very little

n'aimer que soi, c'est n'être bon à rien penser ainsi, c'est s'aveugler to think in this manner, is to blind soi-meine one's-self

It is, in these examples, the regimen ; but when de soi and en soi are used in a definite sense, in speaking of things, they mean de sa nature and dans sa nature.

EXERCISE.

1. To excuse in one's-self the follies which one cannot excuse in others, is to prefer being a fool ones-self to seeing others so.

2. To be too much dissatisfied with ourselves is a weakness ; but to be too much satisfied (with ourselves) is (a) folly.

3. We ought to despise no one: how often have we needed the assistance of one more insignificant than ourselves?

4. If we did not attend so much to ourselves, there would be less selfishness in the world.

5. Vice is odious in itself.

6. The loadstone attracts iron (to itself.)

(1.) Follies, sottises; others, autrui; prefer, aimer mieux; fool, sot; to seeing, que de voir; so, tel.

(3.) We ought, falloir, ind-1; how often, combien de fois; we, on; needed the assistance, n'avoir pas besoin; insignificant, petit.

(4.) We, on; attend to, s'occuper de; selfishness, égoïsme. (6.) Loadstone, aimant.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.

248. Possessive pronouns, conjunctive as: mon, ma, mes; relative, as: le mien, la mienne, les miens, les miennes, agree in gender and number with the noun to which they are joined or are related.

1Ts, their, (his, her,) which, in English, are used in reference to things, are rendered by son, sa, ses, according as the case requires; thus, in speaking of England, we say:

sm parlement est le sanctuaire her parliament is the seat of the de la plus sage politique wisest policy