manity or philanthropy, and followed the lead of leeching friars and vampire politicians, turning our crusade for freedom in Cuba into a bloody war of conquest in the Philippines, we fell from the heights of a heavenly mission and plunged with American mercenaries into the depths of a hellish greed, that would drag any nation, no matter how noble in its instincts or how lofty its intentions, down to the deepest disgrace.

Mr. Lincoln must have had a prophetic vision when he spoke the following words in Springfield, Ill., on February 22, 1860:

"He is a great friend of humanity, and his desire for land is not selfish, but merely an impulse to extend the area of freedom. He is very anxious to fight for the liberation of enslaved nations and colonies, provided always they have land, and have not liking for his interference. As to those who have no land and would be glad of help from any quarter, he considers they can afford to wait a few hundred years longer. He knows all that can possibly be known; inclines to believe in spiritual rappings (who blames Providence?) and is the unquestioned inventor of 'Manifest Destiny.' ('Destiny determines duty.") His horror is for all that is old, particularly 'Old Fogy,' and if there be anything old which he can endure it is only old whisky and old tobacco." -(Canteens and cigars.)

Destiny does not determine duty, as Mr. McKinley declares. Duty determines destiny, or it ought to. Do right and all will be right. Do wrong and all will go wrong!

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

FILIPINOS RESENT AMERICAN FRIENDSHIP FOR FRIARS.

General E. S. Otis, on page 164 of his official report as United States Military Governor of the Philippines, dated Manila, August 31, 1899, after reviewing the operations in those islands for the preceding year, in summing up the situation near the close of this document, declares:

"The disanected element of the population, or the emissaries of Aguinaldo's government, contend that the United States has given nothing substantial as yet in response to its administrative promises. The archbishop, they declare, still holds political sway, the friars have not been driven out nor killed, the Spaniards have been continued in office, the chief representative of United States authority here (who has never witnessed Roman Catholic ceremonies a dozen times in his life), is an ardent Romanist and draws inspirations from the droppings of the Roman Catholic sanctuary, as set up in the Philippines. Remove these abominations, they say, and we will willingly accept United States protection and supremacy."

This is the testimony of our first Governor-General of the Philippines after the Treaty of Peace had provided for the protection of the friars by our army and navy. This official statement is the clue to the situation there.

Upon page 590 of Senate document No. 62, Mr. Foreman's statement regarding the rebellion of 1896 may be found as follows: "The movement had for its object (1) the expulsion of the monastic orders;" then he goes on to give other reasons for the uprisings, but this was the first and foremost reform demanded, the national issue. General Otis' official report confirms Mr. Foreman's evidence, as does every demand made by the Filipinos since that time.

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The first Philippine issue is virtually then, whether the Spanish friars should return to Spain with the other representatives of Spanish oppression, or be reinstated by the American Government against the will of the Philippine people by state intervention contrary to constitutional statutes. The first amendment to the Constitution reads: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof."

Almost the entire Catholic population of the Philippines have protested against the return of the Spanish friars to their former parishes, backed by American bay

onets.

To show how the Filipinos feel in regard to the attitude of our government upon this, to them, all important issue, we quote the following:

"Copyright, 1899, by the Chicago Record.

"Paris, May 23-A Manila correspondent of Le Temps says in to-night's issue: "The intimate relations between Gen. Otis and Archibshop Nozaleda are in the highest degree irritating to the Filipinos, who believe that this means that if the Americans triumph the religious order will again gain a foothold in the archipelago. Spain largely owes the loss of the Philippines to this prelate."

"Copyright, 1898, by the Chicago Record.

"Paris, June 9.—I have already called attention once or twice to the use made by the European Filipinos against the Americans of the pretended good relations between the United States and the religious orders in the Philippines. Agoncillo, who is still in Paris, says on this point:

"A campaign on the part of the United States in favor of so-called religious liberty in the archipelago is as impolitic as it is foolish. There is no danger on this score. We simply want the monks to pay their taxes

like everybody else. We struggled against Spain for the very purpose of escaping the tyranny of these priests."

To substantiate the foregoing statement we quote the 5th Article of the Constitution of the Philippine Republic, adopted at Malolos, by their Constitutional Assembly on January 21, 1898, as follows: "The state recognizes the equality of all religious worships, and the separation of church and the state." Page 108 of Senate document No. 208, records of the 56th Congress.

"[By the Associated Press.]

"Manila, July 23, 1899, 6:15 p. m.-A Filipino priest named Gregorio Agripay, with the insurgents, is trying to lead a movement for the independence of the church in the Philippines from the Spanish priesthood. He has issued a proclamation declaring himself the vicar general of all the Filipino priests in the districts outside of American control on the island of Luzon, and is inciting the priests to disobey the regulations of the church and brotherhoods. The archbishop of the district has issued a bull excommunicating Agripay, and this action has increased the feeling between the Filipinos and the church. "The Dominican friars have begun the publication of a newspaper under the title of the Libertas, for the purpose of defending the brotherhood."

On page 164 of his official report of August 31, 1899, General Otis, after referring to what he terms “the disffected element" among the Filipinos, states in summing up as follows:

"Secretly these same critics assert that these friars and Spaniards render valuable aid to the insurgents' cause in many ways and the number of Spaniards officering their troops is strong proof that their assertions are correct."

However that may be, evidently the Filipinos felt that General Otis was a friend of the friars, and as such, a foe of theirs, as can be seen from the following dispatch:

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"Copyright, 1899, by The Chicago Record.

"Madrid, Oct. 2.-According to dispatches from the Philippines, Filipinos who have returned to the interior from Manila declare that General Otis is a warm friend of the Spanish archbishop of Manila, and that by allowing Spanish priests to preach against Protestants and Protestantism he encourages the natives and discourages the American soldiers."

As he represented the American government, it was perfectly natural that they should hate it, as friendly to their foes.

On August 10, 1899, Archbishop Ireland, upon his return from Europe, said in a press interview for publication:

"I found that the Roman Catholics in Europe believed the interests of the church would be much better guarded in the Philippines by an American than by a native government, and that it was considered to the best interests of the church that this country speedily settle its troubles there and establish a stable government. This country must settle that difficulty with haste, however, for the sake of the good opinion of Europe. I came home with the idea that unless we were speedily successful there, Europe would hold that we did not know how to handle our outside possessions. The fact that we have not been able to release the Spanish prisoners held by Aguinaldo has caused a bad impression.'

So it would seem then that this war was being fought for "the best interests of the church," in general, and the freedom and benefit of the friars in particular.

From the Chicago Record of Monday, August 21, 1899, we quote the following as authentic upon our subject:

"Jacob Gould Schurman, United States commissioner to the Philippines, arrived in Chicago yesterday morning from the islands of which he has just completed a six