pasted labels on which is the word " Smoking," and it is forbidden by law to smoke in compartments not so labeled. A passenger occupies a compartment alone, or perhaps there may be a company of gentlemen, or a man and his family, and it is desired to smoke. Upon this desire being made known to one of the porters, who are ordinarily very accommodating to the tourist, he will paste upon one of the windows the label "Smoking." This is now law, and the passenger can indulge his habit.

Again: Suppose a passenger, or a company of passengers, desires an entire compartment during a given journey. Let him make known this wish to the gentlemanly guard-"If there be plenty of accommodation upon the train, it would be a special favor, which would be deeply appreciated"—and he will give the subject due investigation, and if the matter can be favorably arranged the compartment will not be profaned by the presence of strangers during the journey. The passenger who enjoys this courtesy of the above-mentioned official will certainly not be neglectful of a reciprocal etiquette toward him in the way of "solid thanks, which may vary from a sixpence upward, according to the appreciation of the befriended traveler. Americans are justly criticized for being far too generous in these reciprocations, their mistake arising from not properly understanding the spirit of European institutions, and wrongly regarding these favors as the results of very different motives from those above stated.

The tourist will sometimes hear remarks concerning the ungentlemanly and gruff manner in which officials address passengers traveling upon third class tickets. I traveled very much by

third class railway accommodations, and I never experienced anything but politeness and attention during the whole time, except once, and that was at Callander, Scotland. A crowd of passengers was at the station to board the train, which appeared full when it arrived. I saw no vacant places in the third class compartments for my company, and I politely asked the guard for assistance, which he said he would render me, but immediately gave his services to some other passengers who had first class tickets. Upon my application to a station official for aid, he said that there was room if I could find it, but he gave me no further assistance. I thanked him, and then the train being signaled to start, we bounded into an overfull compartment, and so obtained passage. At a station beyond Callander, a company of five or six persons, holding first class tickets, were obliged to enter a third class compartment because there were not first class carriages sufficient to accommodate them. The railway company was inexcusable for not providing proper transportation for all persons holding tickets.

Also, on this same occasion, I had the following experience, which may serve as a warning to others. I purchased tickets at a hotel in Glasgow for the round trip through the Trossachs, returning by Stirling. The tickets cost me at second class rates, and said "Good for second or third class passage." The agent of whom I bought them said that the tickets contracted that I must travel third class if there were no second class carriages on the train, but he assured me that the trains were always provided with second-class carriages. When I came to the train all the coaches were of the first and third

classes. This seemed a downright swindle, for I had paid second class rates, but there was no redress at the time; I must go third-class or stay. Had I bought my tickets at the bookingoffice of the station, instead of at the hotel, I would have paid only the third class rates, and have had the same accommodations for which I paid the second class rates.

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This may be as good a place as any to speak of the boat service, connected with railway service, across the English Channel and the German Ocean from England to the Continent. These waters are usually rough and "chopped" or cross seas," and the boats are comparatively small. The voyage, which is from one and onehalf to eight or ten hours by the best boats and routes, can be made ordinarily by day or by night, but a day voyage is recommended when the item of time is no important consideration. It is the practice of travelers, who are familiar with the sea, to secure berths by telegraphing in advance, when taking the night voyage. On all these routes, interpreters, so designated upon their caps, accompany the boats and railway trains. These and all other coasting and inland boats provide refreshments for those who desire them. Sometimes there is so great a rush for the tables immediately upon boarding the boat, if it be at meal time, that the uninitiated may find himself left to wait for the second table.

XVIII.—Railway Stations.

The depots-which are called "stations" in Scotland and England, "banhofs" in Germany, "staziones" in Italy, and "gares" or "stations in France are generally well ordered and finely appearing buildings, particularly in the larger towns and cities, being substantially constructed of stone, brick or iron, and often elaborately ornamented in their architecture, some of them having extensive glass roofs over the tracks. The country stations, especially in England, are low, semi-cottage buildings of brick or stone, and are rendered attractive in summer time by the pots of flowers upon the window ledges, and the small well-cared-for flower gardens at the sides; sometimes the name of a station is sown in delicate flowers amid a bed of green grass.

The eating-rooms and waiting-rooms are divided into "first, 9966 second," and "third" class, the furniture and the refreshments corresponding to the classes named. The ticket-offices, called "Booking-Offices" or "Bureaus," are designated in prominent letters, generally each class of tickets having its own special bureau.

It should be recollected that in Europe passengers are "booked" to a plaće, instead of being "ticketed," as in the United States. The larger stations are so arranged that passengers are unable to gain access to the cars until a few moments before the departure of the train, when the gates are opened and the tickets inspected, as with us in many depots. So great care is taken

in examining tickets at the stations, upon the starting of trains, that passengers are not often carried upon the wrong road, even though trains may be leaving at frequent intervals of the day, and in many different directions. The tourist will notice a "Lost-Property Office," and a "cloakroom" where, if desirous to free himself from his hand luggage, he can leave it by paying a small charge and receiving in return a receipt. In the British stations, with but few exceptions, a large clock is seen, whose face is of sufficient size and prominence to greet passengers who are entering or leaving the station; on the Continent less care is shown in this regard. The stations of any pretensions are provided with news-stands, bookstalls, cheap-picture stands, and with telegraph offices very similar to those in the United States. Peddlers and caterers not being upon the trains, they are found in the stations.

In Britain the station platforms are long and are built up in a substantial manner, as of solid stone, or of stone and earth, to such a height that only one short step is required to be attached to the carriages beneath the doors in order to step directly into the compartments. Here, also, passengers are not permitted to cross the track, unless by the elevated or by the "under-crossing" passage-ways which are provided where there are two tracks, and hence two platforms from which to enter the carriages.

On the Continent, especially in Germany, Switzerland, and France, the station platforms are low, as with us generally.

The retiring rooms are not connected with the waiting-rooms as they usually are in this country, but they open directly from the station platforms. They are conspicuously marked, as, " For Gentle