captain of the steamer which carried us over said, within my hearing, that passengers eat too much for their health, because there is so sudden a change of exercise and mode of life compared to that on land. The captain recommended the occasional drinking of sea-water when one is seasick, and it was suggested to me that if I would take part of a glass before breakfast I would escape the sickness. I took it for a few mornings but without advantage, although other cases were cited where benefits followed its use. A very general saying is that a passenger must never give up to sea-sickness, but must brave it down by sheer force of will. Here I would say that whenever it requires so much of a strain upon the nervous powers of the patient that it exhausts him to do this, then he had better keep as quiet as possible in order to conserve his strength. One of the very best of states for the semi-invalid is to keep cheerful, hopeful and patient. It is far better to be around and upon deck whenever the weather will permit, than to remain below in the berth. Dr. John Chapman's rubber ice-bag is a good article to have in case of severe sea-sickness. Yet it is a very powerful remedy and should be used with caution lest too much ice be applied to the spine and permanent harm come therefrom. The effect of the use of it is to tone up gradually the whole nervous system so that one feels stronger. One application of the bag will leave its effects from two to three hours. The bag is somewhat expensive, costing from four to five dollars in London. The Philadelphia agents are J. Wardon Wilson, Jr., and Wyeth Bros'. It is well to be provided with smelling salts and camphor (liquid). Chloroform is sometimes recommended from two to five drops on a piece of sugar,

taken when sick. I have but little faith in it, besides it is a dangerous medicine, unless administered by a physician. One gentlemen on the

ship had entire confidence in this recipe of chloroform as a sure cure, and yet he was the one man who was severely seasick nearly all the way over; he never came to his "sea leg," while on the voyage.

Another preventive is said to be a compress, or strap with a pad attached, bound about the body, the pad being placed over the pit of the stomach so as to crowd the bile downwards, thus preventing costiveness. My only knowledge of this is, that it was worn at times by a gentleman, and still he was not wholly free from sea-sickness; however, the compress may have helped him. In any event it is an innocent experiment. Lemons are good; some of the juice taken before breakfast will assist to relieve the biliousness which is so prevalent during a voyage. Brandy is a bad stimulant because of its astringent qualities. Ginger ale is often good for warming the stomach and thus exciting a healthy action of the digestive organs. Champagne, claret, and portwine, cooled with ice, taken at meal time, are sometimes serviceable to counteract sea-sickness. The further remark is ventured that too much in the way of medicine is apt to be taken rather than too little.

It is desirable that the passenger should have a supply of some active anti-bilious pills or seidlitz powders to guard against biliousness and costiveness. Ordinarily it seems to require, on the sea, a much larger portion of these medicines for an effective dose than when on land. The passenger should be at very great pains to keep himself well bathed by a hand bath every morning, especially

if he suffers from sea-sickness, as the perspiration attending this sickness is usually very profuse, as well as disagreeable in odor. Sea-water baths

can be had on most ships.

While on deck, if unable to sit upright, or to stand or walk, it will be found advantageous to lie flat down upon the back, being careful to place the head towards the bow of the boat. This is a wise precaution as to position at any time when seasick. Too much mental exertion aggravates sea-sickness, and sometimes is the immediate occasion of it. I do not recommend a timid, fearful spirit, but a wise judgment in relation to exercise. It will be a disadvantage to overtax one's strength at any time.

While it is not necessary to carry a camp chair, there being usually a plentiful supply on the ship, yet an easy chair that will fold up, called a steamboat chair, is a great luxury for a person to have on deck when he is disturbed by illness.

There is this comfort attending sea-sicknessone is not made to feel that he is not "welcome at home" because he is sick; for everybody expects everybody else to be sick, and hence there is no surprise manifested whether one is sick or wellit is all the same.

X.-Boarding the Ship.

66

Suppose the time arrived for the ship to start : Try to reach New York, if that be the port of sailing, the previous day; the baggage can be sent by some city express to the docks of the steamship company at which place the tourist will find it. All luggage that can be carried in his hand he will take to his hotel, in order to insure its safety. After breakfast on the morning of sailing, or at any corresponding time, be at the dock in ample season to see that the baggage is all right. The official in waiting will ask, "Will this baggage be wanted on shipboard?" If the tourist have clothes or articles that he wishes to use on the ship, he will say, "Wanted." The official will then paste a label, Wanted," on the trunk. This means that the owner will find this baggage, with that of others, upon deck when the ship starts, and it will not be put down into the hold until after he has taken out what he desires. . If the trunk is small and there is space for it in his state-room he can have it placed there to remain during the voyage. It is a wise precaution that the tourist should assure himself by personal inspection that his baggage is surely labeled and taken on board. In some cases this is necessary, as : "OBSERVE 'The Owners of the London and New York Steamers, and London and St. Katharine Dock Company do not hold themselves responsible for Baggage, nor do they allow any Baggage to be shipped unless the Passenger be present.' The Passengers must therefore attend

on Saturday the inst., at two o'clock, to see their Baggage put on board." This work of putting on board is done by the company, the passenger simply observing that there is no mistake about it. In some instances it happens that the company orders all heavy baggage to be delivered at the quay or docks the day before sailing, in order to expedite the business of casting off the ship. Be on the lookout for this. Each cabin passenger is allowed about twenty cubic feet of space for his baggage, free from charges. Usually, at the time of going on board for sailing, the officials distribute a printed list of the passengers who go out in that ship. In due time the gang-boards are thrown off, the gates in the bulwarks are closed, the hawsers are hauled in, the captain and the pilot take their places upon the bridge, the first officer at the bow, the second at the stern, the third amid-ships, and the fourth on the quarter-deck. The captain signals the engineer below, the immense engines instinctively start, the water shows agitation at the stern of the ship, the dock recedes, the ship is off for its three thousand nautical miles of ocean passage. In an hour or two the pilot leaves the ship, being taken by a row-boat to the pilot vessel; if desired, letters may be sent ashore by him. The captain now is alone in charge of the steamer, and continues thus until he shares his command with the pilot upon entering the port across the Atlantic. If all goes well the propeller of the ship will revolve uniformly and without cessation during all of these many miles over the sea.