human nature-the criminal types. I'm not sure, again, that these types are any more distinct than types of plumbers or lawyers or scientists. If you'll come and visit our reformatory some time, you can yourselves judge what the human nature of criminals is like by actual observation. And finally, though I've just done the opposite thing, I advise you to study the psychology of criminals rather than talk about it."

CHAPTER XVII

A REVIEW

At this meeting of the club, its members discussed the following questions and observations, taken from their box. They were able, with the aid of the information they had already acquired, to answer the questions satisfactorily, and to refer the observations to similar facts already studied. The editor trusts that his readers can do likewise, and feels confident that they will prefer to think the explanations out for themselves rather than to be told.

. "A man who had seen long military service became a waiter in a restaurant. One day a gentleman dining there was telling an anecdote in a rather loud voice, and in the course of it said, 'Company, salute!' The waiter, who was passing by with a tray of dishes, dropped the tray, and brought his hand up to his forehead in the act of saluting."

"A famous French tragedian used to hire a man whom he would beat and pummel as fiercely as possible just before going on the stage to play the last act of Othello. Why did he do it?"

"Samuel Johnston used to insist on touching every lamp-post as he walked along the street."

"Why is it that a person can be extremely accurate in one sort of thing-e. g., keeping accounts—and yet be very inaccurate in other things?"

"I walked down Liberty Street every day for two

weeks, and didn't know that a new house was being built there.'

"Some years ago a certain company used to wrap the small packages of tobacco which they sold in papers with pictures of baseball players on them. On these papers it said, 'Save the wrappers.' (A prize was given for every hundred returned.) The small boys of the town would collect these papers, and seeing the inscription, wouid save those which had batsmen on them."

"There were, I believe, five Poe brothers at Princeton, all of whom played on the Varsity football team. They varied only a few inches in height and a few pounds in weight, and played the same kind of a game. All were of light weight."

"A clergyman started in to preach, and could hardly restrain himself from groaning aloud, so violent was the pain he was enduring from an ulcerated tooth. After a few minutes he felt no pain at all, though it returned when he had finished his sermon.

"What is the basis for this advice, which I read in a book on education: 'To assume the existence of vice [in a child] is often to produce it. We must, therefore, say to the child: "You did not really wish to do that; but see how others would interpret your action if they did not know you."

"An Indian visited a camp, and became interested in some of the pictures he saw there. He carefully followed with the point of his knife the outlines of a drawing in a magazine. When asked why he did so, he said that doing so would help him to carve a likeness of it when he returned home. What sort of imagery was strong in his case?''

"E. W. Sabel, in the Saturday Evening Post, tells an anecdote of Frederick Villiers, the famous war correspondent. Villiers had been under fire for some days, the enemy bombarding the force to which the artist was attached, so that the arrival of a shell was a commonplace circumstance to be treated in the usual way. Out of this ordeal he came unscathed to London, and was strolling down the crowded Strand.

"On a sudden the pedestrians were appalled to see him fling himself at full length upon the greasy, muddy pavement, and there lie on his face rigid as a dead man. From all directions men rushed to render him assistance. They turned him over to rub his hands and unbutton his collar, expecting to find him in a fit. But no. On his face they found not the pain and pallor of epilepsy, but astonishment and mud. Villiers, when they laid hold of him, quickly jumped to his feet, shook the mud from his hands and clothes, and then looked around for an explanation of his own apparently idiotic act. The explantion was forthcoming.

"A few yards behind him stood a horse and cart. The carter had a moment after Villiers passed pulled the pin and allowed the cart-box to dump upon the ground a load of gravel. The heavy beams of the cart, of course, struck the wood paving with a resounding 'dull thud,' and the clean gravel hissed out with an evil roar. This combination of sounds, the war artist declared, was identical with the striking of a live shell, and Villiers, forgetting that he then stood. some thousands of miles from the seat of war, flung himself down to await the dreadful explosion.

CHAPTER XVIII

SOME DEEPER QUESTIONS ABOUT HUMAN NATURE

"I've made a collection of questions from our observation-box which I thought might all be taken up together. I classed them together, not because they were about the same matters, but because I hadn't any notion of their true answers, and didn't see just how they could be answered, but perhaps you can do better than I. Here they are:

"No. 1. If our feelings of outside things are due to action in our different senses, so that our knowledge is limited by our sense-powers, so that, in fact, there may be things in the world by which we aren't influenced at all; if, also, there may be differences in things which we don't feel; if, also, we feel as sounds what are really vibrations of the particles of the air, as colors what are really only different rates of vibration of the ether-how can we be said to know the reality of the world at all? We don't seem to get it all, or to get all the differences in it, or even to get it as it is. Don't we have just a sham world, and may not the reality of things be entirely different?

"No. 2. What, really, is a ‘thing?' Our sensations of things vary. Sugar tastes different after vinegar; it looks different at night; its weight would be different on the moon. What is its reality? What stays the same, no matter how much our feelings of it vary? "No. 3. If willing means just the fact that some