court shall also have power, in case it shall be made to appear to its satisfaction, upon motion, that the exception was taken unnecessarily or for purposes of vexation or delay, to set the same aside and approve the undertaking. Code Civ. Pro., § 1335, as am'd L. 1882, c. 397, and L. 1891, c. 369.

4 Hun, 625; 8 id. 526; 34 id. 485; 42 id. 86, 88; 43 id. 510, 511; 18 N. Y. 491; 75 id. 611; 90 id. 476, 479; 98 id. 459; 102 id. 727; 38 Barb. 238; s. c. 14 Abb. Pr. 368; 13 id. 421; s. c. 22 How. Pr. 356; 5 id. 75; 61 id. 396; 66 id. 349; 1 L. B. 36; 6 Civ. Pro. 226; 14 id. 307; 5 id. 82; 7 id. 134; 1 How. Pr. N. S. 111, 116, n., 371; 16 W. D. 41, 42; 60 Hun, 504; 39 N. Y. St. R. 506; 63 id. 161; 15 N. Y. Supp. 237.

44 Appeal from final judgment rendered after affirmance of interlocutory judgment, or denial of motion for new trial. Where final judgment is rendered in the court below, after the affirmance, upon an appeal to the appellate division of the supreme court, of an interlocutory judgment; or after the refusal, by the appellate division of a new trial, either upon an application made in the first instance, at a term thereof, or upon an appeal from an order of the special term, or of the judge before whom the issues, or questions of fact, were tried by a jury; the party aggrieved may appeal directly from the final judgment to the court of appeals, notwithstanding that it was rendered at a special term, or at a trial term, or pursuant to the directions, contained in a referee's report. But such an appeal brings up, for review, only the determination of the appellate division of the supreme court, affirming the interlocutory judgment, or refusing the new trial. Code Civ. Pro., § 1336, as am'd L. 1895, c. 946.

86 N. Y. 162; 93 id. 650; 109 id. 269; 46 N. Y. Super. 103, 109; 18 W. D. 279; appeal dismissed, 94 N. Y. 248; 21 Abb. N. C. 359, n.; 121 N. Y. 156; 20 Civ. Pro. 366; 124 N. Y. 667; 128 id. 303; 75 Hun, 512; 30 N. Y. St. R. 500; 43 id. 327; 57 id. 672; 2 N. Y. Supp. 145; 4 id. 617, 634.

45 What questions are brought up for review. An appeal to the court of appeals from a final judgment, or from an order, granting or refusing a new trial in an action, where the appellant stipulates that upon affirmance judgment absolute shall be rendered against him, brings up for review in that court only questions of law; but where the justices of the appellate division from which an appeal is taken are divided upon the question as to whether there is evidence supporting, or tending to support, a finding or verdict not directed by the court, a question for review is presented. In any action on an appeal to the court of appeals, the court may either modify or affirm the judgment or order appealed from, award a new trial, or grant to either party such judgment as such party may be entitled to. Code Civ. Pro., § 1337, as am'd L. 1894, c. 688, and L. 1895, c. 946.

84 N. Y. 466; 88 id. 656; 88 id. 357; 98 id. 661, 663; 95 id. 668; 87 id. 514; 90 id. 342, 345; 91 id. 451, 464; 96 id. 573; 97 id. 5; 100 id. 607; 103 id. 156, 165, 166; 103 id. 181; 109 id. 462; 111 id. 624, 630; 112 id. 413; 87 N. Y. 623; s. c. 2 Civ. Pro. (McCarty) 1, 3; 95 N. Y. 329, 333; s. c. 5 Civ. Pro. 342; 32 Alb. L. J. 352; s. c. 22 W. D. 176; 13 id. 391, 392; 18 id. 392, 393; 6 Civ. Pro. 435; 114 N. Y. 506; 118 id. 46; 121 id. 57, 156, 277: 123 id. 120; 19 Civ. Pro. 230; 131 N. Y. 37; 133 id. 170; 135 id. 522; 137 id. 521; 75 Hun, 512; 30 N. Y. St. R. 685, 998; 33 id. 166; 36 id. 272: 42 id. 394; 44 id. 519; 48 id. 239, 540; 57 id. 672; 62 id. 823; 66 id. 689; 65 id. 205, 679, 843.

46 When questions of fact to be reviewed. Upon an appeal to the court of appeals from a judgment, reversing a judgment entered upon the report of a referee or a determination in the trial court; or from an order granting a new trial, upon such a reversal; it must be presumed that the judgment was not reversed, or the new trial granted, upon a question of fact, unless the contrary clearly appears in the record body of the judgment or order appealed from. Code Civ. Pro., § 1338, as am'd L. 1895, c. 946.

3 Keyes, 99; s. c. 33 How. Pr. 243; 4 Keyes, 279; 38 N. Y. 202; 35 id. 664; 37 id. 487; 37 id. 631; 46 id. 409; 46 id. 564; 47 id. 507; 48 id. 433; 52 id. 471; 58 id. 646; 58 id. 262; 51 id. 497, 499; 55 id. 659; 54 id. 678; 51 id. 354; 73 id. 136; 70 id. 13, 16; 79 id. 409: 75 id. 479, 481; 76 id. 614; 74 id. 620; 70 id. 481; 49 id. 211, 214; 81 id. 352, 355; 85 id. 21, 25; 95 id. 656; 95 id. 333; 97 id. 72; 101 id. 228; 103 id. 156, 166; 87 id. 435; 96 id. 573; 107 id. 233; 100 id. 459; 104 id. 668; 109 id. 462; 87 id. 514; 87 id. 620; 102 id. 157: 147 id. 269; s. c. 9 Civ. Pro. 197: 18 W. D. 393; 20 id. 136; 5 Civ. Pro. 342, 343; 120 N. Y. 1, 190; 125 id. 651; 126 id. 29; 127 id. 206, 639; 133 id. 170, 248; 135 id. 50: 138 id. 369; 140 id. 249; 142 id. 467; 144 id. 453; 28 Abb. N. C. 327; 30 N. Y. St. R. 191, 499, 904; 31 id. 951; 35 id. 923; 36 id. 135, 379; 37 id. 139; 38 id. 68; 40 id. 638; 44 id. 518, 900; 46 id. 652; 48 id. 126; 49 id. 25; 52 id. 875; 55 id. 541; 60 id. 80; 63 id. 736; 70 id. 90; 69 id. 703.

47 When a case to be prepared, etc., for the appeal. Where an appeal to the court of appeals, from a judgment, rendered by the appellate division of the supreme court, upon a verdict, subject to the opinion of the court, has been perfected, a case, containing a concise statement of the facts, of the questions of law arising thereupon and of the determination of those questions by the appellate division, must be prepared and settled, by or under the direction of the court below, and annexed to the judgment-roll. An exception is not necessary, to enable the court of appeals to review the determination of a question of law, arising upon the verdict. A certified copy of the case must be transmitted to the court of appeals, instead of the case upon which the judgment of the court below was rendered. The court below, or a judge thereof, may extend the time, limited by law, within which the papers must be transmitted to the court of appeals, for the purpose of enabling the appellant to procure the case to be prepared or settled. Code Civ. Pro., § 1339, as am'd L. 1895, c. 946.

49 N. Y. 645; 59 id. 661; 25 id. 211; s. c. 15 Abb. Pr. 402; 2 Bosw. 365; 17 How. Pr. 381; 118 N. Y. 231; 131 id. 597; 65 Hun, 567; 30 N. Y. St. R. 608, 684; 42 id. 879; 48 id. 593; 9 N. Y. Supp. 352; 20 id. 603.

Appeal to the Supreme Court from an Inferior Court.

48 Appeals from inferior courts. Except appeals from inferior and local courts heretofore heard in the court of common pleas for the city and county of New York, and the superior court of Buffalo, an appeal may be taken to the appellate division of the supreme court, from a final judgment. rendered by a county court, or by any other court of record possessing original jurisdiction, where an appeal therefrom to a court other than the supreme court is not expressly given by statute, and upon such appeal, an order granting or refusing a new trial for any of the causes mentioned in section nine hundred and ninety-nine of this act, made by any of said courts, and questions of facts, may be reviewed in the same manner and to the same extent as questions of fact may be reviewed, upon appeal to the appellate division of the supreme court from a final judgment and order, granting or refusing a new trial, rendered by the same court. Appeals from inferior and local courts heretofore heard in the court of common pleas for the city and county of New York and the superior court of Buffalo, may be taken to the supreme court. Code Civ. Pro., § 1340, as am'd L. 1888, c. 507, and L. 1895, c. 946.

28 How. Pr. 150; 29 id. 68; s. c. 19 Abb. Pr. 163; 15 Hun, 209: 15 id. 326; 13 id. 224; 19 id. 17; 29 id. 47, 48; 47 id. 456; 107 N. Y. 275; 17 Hun, 142; 25 id. 303; 54 Barb. 34; 5 How Pr. 323; s. c. 8 Barb. 351; 85 Hun, 503; 62 id. 662; 66 N. Y. St. R. 744; 3 N. Y. Supp. 622; 7 id. 96, 915; 37 id. 916.

49 Within what time; security, etc. An appeal authorized by the last section must be taken within thirty days after service upon the attorney for the appellant, of the copy of the judgment, and written notice of the entry thereof; security is not required to perfect the appeal, but to stay the execution of the judgment security must be given, and the sureties may be excepted to, and must justify, as upon an appeal to the court of appeals, from a judgment of the same amount, or to the same effect Code Civ. Pro., § 1341, as am'd L. 1877, c. 416, and L. 1890, c. 450.

14 Abb. Pr. 391; 15 Hun, 327; 19 Civ. Pro. 232: 23 id. 140; 57 Hun, 516; 3 Misc. 55; 29 Abb. N. C. 478; 33 N. Y. St. R. 110; 51 id. 835; 63 id. 161; 7 N. Y. Supp. 96, 915; 11 id. 294; 15 id. 820; 22 id. 558; 30 id. 853; 37 id. 916.

50 Appeal from order. An appeal may also be taken as provided by section thirteen hundred and forty, from an order affecting a substantial right, made by the court or a judge, in an action brought in, or taken by appeal to, a court specified in the last section. Code Civ. Pro., § 1342, as am'd L. 1881, c. 135, and L. 1895, c. 946.

29 How. Pr. 43; 102 N. Y. 383, 386; 107 id. 275; 25 Hun, 303, 304; 30 id. 465; 34 id. 179; 36 id. 22: 41 id. 581, 584; 47 id. 456; 18 W. D. 510; 19 Hun, 17; 54 Barb. 34; 6 Civ. Pro. 74; 19 id. 1; 57 Hun, 40; 83 id. 357; 85 id. 503; 32 N. Y. St. R. 23; 37 id. 582; 40 id. 667, 60 id. 420; 65 id. 67; 67 id. 324; 66 id. 744; 4 N. Y. Supp. 504; 6 id. 331; 7 id. 96; 10 id. 379; 16 id. 218.

51 Within what time; security. An appeal, authorized by the last section, must be taken, within sixty days after service upon the attorney for the appellant, of a copy of the order, and written notice of the entry thereof. Security is not required to perfect it; but it does not stay the execution of the order from which it is taken. The appellate court, or a judge thereof, may direct such a stay, upon such terms, as to security or otherwise, as justice requires. Code Civ. Pro., § 1343, as am'd L. 1877, c. 416.

102 N. Y. 386; 5 Misc. 418.

52 Appeal, where and how heard. An appeal, taken as prescribed in this title, must be heard by the appellate division of the supreme court, except that appeals from the judgment of any district court or of the city court in the city of New York, may be heard by the appellate division of the supreme court, or by such justice or justices of the supreme court as may be designated for that purpose by the justices of the appellate division sitting in the first judicial department. In case an appeal is heard by a justice or justices of the supreme court as hereinbefore provided, the justice or justices by whom such appeal was determined, may allow an appeal to be taken to such appellate division from such determination; and appeals from inferior courts he.etofore heard by the superior court of Buffalo shall be heard by the appellate division of the supreme court in the fourth judicial department, or by such justice or justices of the supreme court as may be designated for that purpose by the justices of the appellate division of the fourth judicial department. The provisions of title fourth of this chapter, relating to the hearing of appeals, taken in the supreme court, and to the subsequent proceedings thereupon, apply to an appeal taken as prescribed in this title, except as specified in the next section. Code Civ. Pro., § 1344, as am'd L. 1895, c. 946.

9 N. Y. Supp. 534.

53 Judgment or order, where entered. A judgment or order of the appellate division rendered upon an appeal authorized by this title must be entered in the office of the clerk of the appellate division in the department in which the court below is located. A certified copy thereof annexed to the papers transmitted from the court below must be transmitted by the clerk, upon payment of his fees, to the clerk of the county where the court from which the appeal was taken is situated, *The filing of the judgment-roll or the entry of the order as pre- and shall constitute the judgment-roll and remain in his office. scribed in this section is a sufficient authority for any proceeding in the court below or before the judge or justice who made the order appealed from which the judgment or order of the appellate court directs or permits. But where the execution of the judgment or order of the appellate court is stayed by an appeal to the court of appeals, the proceedings in the court below or before the judge or justice, who made the order are stayed in like manner. A judgment or order of the supreme court, rendered upon an appeal from a judgment of any district court or of the city court of New York, or an appeal heretofore heard by the superior court of Buffalo, must be entered in the office of the clerk of the county wherein the court below is located, and, with the papers transmitted from the court below, forms the judgment-roll which must be filed in the same office. Where the appeal is from the city court of New York, the judgment or order of the supreme court must be entered in the office of the clerk of the said court. Code Civ. Pro., § 1345, as am'd L. 1895, c. 946.

58 Barb. 73; 38 Hun, 187.

Appeal to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court.

54 Appeal from judgment. An appeal may be taken to the appellate division of the supreme court from a final judgment rendered in the supreme court or in any superior city court prior to the first day of January, one thousand eight hun

*So in the original.

dred and ninety-six, and from a final judgment rendered in the supreme court after said day as follows:

15 How. Pr. 57; 34 Barb. 69; 66 id. 209; 41 Hun, 9, 11; 37 id. 275; 42 id. 164; 15 Civ. Pro. 121.

1. Where the judgment was rendered upon a trial by a referee, or by the court without a jury, the appeal may be taken upon questions of law, or upon the facts, or upon both.

8 Abb. Pr. 59; 7 id. 1; 5 Bosw. 658; 7 Hun, 279; 19 id. 7; 16 id. 141; 30 id. 282, 287; 47 id. 152; 49 N. Y. 1; 6 Lans. 387; 59 N. Y. 244; 75 id. 25; 17 Hun, 138; 17 Abb. N. C. 263.

2. Where the judgment was rendered upon the verdict of a jury, the appeal may be taken upon questions of law. Code Civ. Pro., § 1346, as am'd L. 1895, c. 946. 5 How. Pr. 435; 17 Abb. Pr. 88; 64 N. Y. 236; 45 N. Y. Super. 628; 43 N. Y. 554; 7 Civ. Pro. 192, n.; 12 id. 324; 7 id. 188; 21 W. D. 134, 135; 20 id. 503; 7 id. 95; 1 N. Y. Supp. 503; 9 id. 534; 10 id. 98; 15 id. 392; 17 id. 490; 18 id. 565; 35 id. 709; 65 N. Y. St. R. 428; 70 id. 445; 1 App. Div. 409.

55 Appeal from order. An appeal may be taken to the appellate division of the supreme court, from an order made prior to the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, in an action upon notice, at a special term or a trial term of a superior city court, or of the supreme court, or at a term of the circuit court, and from an order made at a special term or trial term of the supreme court, after said day, in either of the following cases:

30 Hun, 637.

1. Where the order grants, refuses, continues, or modifies a provisional remedy; or settles or grants or refuses an application to resettle a case on appeal or a bill of exceptions.

6 How. Pr. 340, n.; 47 N. Y. 469; 23 Alb. L. J. 74; 73 N. Y. 1.

2. Where it grants, or refuses a new trial; except that where specific questions of fact, arising upon the issues, in an action triable by the court, have been tried by a jury, pursuant to an order for that purpose, as prescribed in section nine hundred and seventy-one of this act, an appeal can not be taken from an order, granting or refusing a new trial upon the merits.

46 N. Y. 598; 46 id. 409; 60 id. 326; 32 Barb. 568; 1 Abb. Pr. N. S. 407; 13 Abb. Pr. 387; s. c. 22 How. Pr. 385; 12 Abb. Pr. 164; s. c. 32 Barb. 650; 22 How. Pr. 386; 19 id. 310; 19 id. 515; 22 id. 193; 23 Hun, 15; 89 id. 109; 19 Alb. L. J. 441; 7 Civ. Pro. 188; 7 id. 192, n.; 20 W. D. 503; 35 Hun, 437; 112 N. Y. 413; 68 N. Y. St. R. 536.

3. Where it involves some part of the merits.

4 How. Pr. 313, 433; 10 id. 89, 90; 7 id. 78, 359; 3 Abb. Pr. 142; 4 id. 193; 15 Abb. Pr. N. S. 94; 1 Hilt. 173; 38 N. Y. Super. 50; 70 N. Y. 101; 20 W. D. 503; 7 Civ. Pro. 192, n.; 1 E. D. Smith, 357.

4. Where it affects a substantial right.

9 How. Pr. 69; 7 id. 138; 10 id. 89; 46 id. 403; 46 id. 479; 3 E. D. Smith, 348; 5 Sandf. 663; 4 Abb. Pr. 98; 38 N. Y. Super. 50; 33 id. 496; 45 id. 239; 44 id. 170; 10 Abb. Pr. N. S. 416; s. c. 41 How. Pr. 350; 15 Abb. Pr. N. S. 94; 12 id. 465; 56 N. Y. 72; 58 id. 215; 70 id. 101; 69 id. 215; 56 id. 402; 70 id. 571; 75 id. 175; 45 N. Y. Super. 588; 42 Hun, 602, 606; 31 id. 25, 289; 34 id. 548; 41 id. 584; 49 id. 82; 19 id. 77; 88 id. 326; 18 Abb. N. C. 412; 4 T. & C. 518; s. c. 48 How. Pr. 135; s. c. 2 Hun, 287; 14 id. 490; 15 id. 481; 4 Civ. Pro. 210; 21 W. D. 342; 5 id. 535; 10 Civ. Pro. 121; 68 N. Y. St. R. 572.

5. Where, in effect, it determines the action, and prevents a judgment, from which an appeal might be taken.

6. Where it determines a statutory provision of the state to be unconstitutional; and the determination appears from the reasons given for the decision thereupon, or is necessarily implied in the decision. An order, made upon a summary application, after judgment, is deemed to have been made, in the action, within the meaning of this section. Code Civ. Pro., § 1347, as am'd L. 1895, c. 946.

4 T. & C. 518; s. c. 48 How. Pr. 135; s. c. 2 Hun, 287; 10 Abb. Pr. N. S. 416; s. c. 41 How. Pr. 350; 33 N. Y. Super. 496; 56 N. Y. 72; 1 N. Y. Supp. 696; 8 id. 144; 9 id. 269, 534; 10 id. 686, 734; 21 id. 683; 22 id. 559; 34 id. 612; 37 id. 1063.

56 Idem; when made out of court; powers of appellate division to grant orders. An appeal may also be taken to the appellate division of the supreme court, from an order, made in an action, upon notice, by a judge or justice, out of court, in

a case where an appeal might have been taken, as prescribed in the last section, if the order had been made by the court. The appellate division shall have power to vacate or modify, without notice, or upon such notice as it shall deem proper, any order in an action or special proceeding made by a justice of the supreme court or by the court without notice to the adverse party; it may grant a stay of proceedings upon any judgment or order of the supreme court from which an appeal is pending, and may grant any order or provisional remedy which has been applied for without notice to the adverse party, and refused by the supreme court or a justice thereof. Code Civ. Pro., § 1348, as am'd L. 1895, c. 946. 21 W. D. 342; 5 Civ. Pro. 143; 3 N. Y. Supp. 729, 770; 21 id. 683.

57 Appeal from interlocutory judgment. An appeal may also be taken to the appellate division of the supreme court, from an interlocutory judgment rendered at a special term or trial term of the supreme court, or entered upon the report of a referee. Code Civ. Pro., § 1349, as am'd L. 1893, c. 641, and L. 1895, c. 946. 15 N. Y. 593; 93 id. 650; 76 id. 214; 45 N. Y. Super. 628; 52 id. 544; 45 id. 148; s. c. 8 W. D. 102; s. c. 19 Alb. L. J. 362; 1 L. B. 29; 24 Hun, 320; 31 id. 531, 533; 40 id. 258; 41 id. 456; 42 id. 604; s. c. 18 Abb. N. C. 409; 17 W. D. 389; 9 Civ. Pro. 221; 21 Abb. N. C. 362, n.; 26 N. Y. Supp. 337; 65 N. Y. St. R. 730.

58 Appeal from final judgment, after affirmance or interlocutory judgment, or denial of new trial. Review in the court of appeals. Where final judgment is taken, at a special term or trial term, or pursuant to the directions of a referee, after the affirmance, upon an appeal to the appellate division of the supreme court of an interlocutory judgment or after the refusal by the appellate division of a new trial, either upon an application, made, in the first instance, at a term of the appellate division, or upon an appeal from an order of the special term, or of the judge, before whom the issues, or questions of fact were tried by a jury; an appeal to the appellate division, from the final judgment, brings up for review, only the proceedings to take the final judgment, or upon which the final judgment was taken, including the hearing or trial of the other issues in the action, if any. If an appeal is taken, to the court of appeals, from the determination of the appellate division, upon the appeal from the final judgment, the determination of the appellate division, affirming the interlocutory judgment, or refusing the new trial, may, at the election of either party, be reviewed thereupon. If the respondent elects to bring it up for review, he may take a cross-appeal therefrom, notwithstanding the expiration of the time to take an original appeal therefrom. Code Civ. Pro., § 1350, as am'd L. 1895, c. 946.

1 L. B. 29; 15 N. Y. St. R. 243; 12 id. 642, 643; 93 N. Y. 650; 18 Abb. N. C. 409; s. c. 42 Hun, 604; 21 Abb. N. C. 360, n.; 8 N. Y. St. R. 905; 48 Hun, 12; 49 id. 306; 121 N. Y. 57, 156; 63 Hun, 182; 30 N. Y. St. R. 500, 685; 43 id. 327; 2 N. Y. Supp. 10, 33, 145, 194; 4 id. 618; 4 App. Div. 359, 365.

59 Limitation of time; order to stay proceedings. An appeal authorized by this title, must be taken, within thirty days after service, upon the attorney for the appellant, of a copy of the judgment or order appealed from, and a written notice of the entry thereof. Security is not required to perfect the appeal; but except where it is otherwise specially prescribed by law, the appeal does not stay the execution of the judgment or order appealed from; unless the court, in or from which the appeal is taken, or a judge thereof, makes an order, directing such a stay. Such an order may be made, and may, from time to time, be modified, upon such terms, as to security or otherwise, as justice requires. If security is given, either as a condition of granting the order, or as prescribed in the next section, the provisions of title second of this chapter apply thereto, as if the appellate division of the supreme court was specified in those provisions, in place of the appellate court, and a judge of the same court, in place of a judge of the court below. Code Civ. Pro., § 1351, as am'd L. 1895, c. 946.

38 N. Y. Super. 490: 43 id. 138; 48 How. Pr. 226: 24 id. 193; 7 id. 132; 27 id. 335; 13 id. 93; 14 id. 522; 26 id. 93; 18 id. 261; 13 id. 423; 32 id. 382; 11 id. 129, 465; 16 id. 385. 402; s. c. 7 Abb. Pr. 352; 60 N. Y. 29; 22 id. 319; 11 id. 274; 76 id. 325; 71 id. 592; 75 id. 250; 71 id. 430; 90 id. 546, 548; 102 id. 226; 103 id. 659; s. c. 18 Abb. N. C. 62, 63, n.; 3 N. Y. St. R. 171; 8 id. 893; 12 Abb. Pr. N. S. 221; 21 Abb. N. C. 361, n.; 16 Abb. Pr. 109; 9 id. 23; 2 id. 209; 8 id. 310; 4 id. 309; 3 Duer, 691; 9 Paige, 607; 10 id. 370;