DEFINITION 2.-One word is said to modify another when it serves to limit, extend, or in any way describe the meaning of the other word.

ORAL.-State the adjectives in each of the foregoing examples, and give the reason, thus:

Good is an adjective, because it modifies children by indicating their character.

French is an adjective, because it modifies nation by indicating what nation is meant.

This is an adjective, because it modifies book by indicating some particular book.

Ten is an adjective, because it modifies men by indicating a defi nite number.

A is an adjective, because it modifies chair by indicating some chair, but no particular one.

Each is an adjective, because it modifies man by indicating one at a time.

No is an adjective, because it modifies property by indicating absence of property.

Far-famed is an adjective, because it modifies republic by indicating its notoriety.

WRITTEN AND ORAL.-1. Write one adjective or more before each of the following nouns :

sky,

Creator,

hill,

mind,

sleep,

speculation, vale,

apples,

creatures, birds,

animals,

earth,

fruit,

work.

2. Connect some noun with each of the adjectives in the following

3. Write twenty sentences, each containing at least one adjective, and tell, 1. what it modifies, 2. the verbs as before directed, 3. the nouns, 4. the subject and predicate.

REMARK. The position of the adjective, in the examples thus far, has been immediately before the noun, and this is the most frequent construction, but not the only one, as the following examples will illustrate :

The statement will appear false. Your house is convenient.

The scene is delightful.

The example is good.

Our desires should be moderate.

Favors should make us kind.
Kindness will render life happy.
That unfortunate event rendered
us sad.

EXERCISES.

ORAL.-Mention, in each of the above examples, 1. the adjective, 2. the pronoun, 3. the verb, 4. the noun, 5. the subject and predicate

WRITTEN AND ORAL.-Write a dozen sentences in imitation of the last given.

ANALYZATION.

DEFINITION 3.-To analyze a proposition or sentence, is to state its subject and predicate, the class to which each word belongs, and the office it performs in the proposition or sentence.

$8. ADVERBS.

DEFINITION. An adverb is a word used to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

I. EXAMPLES.

We went cautiously.
They returned immediately.

He searched every-where.

The Romans were totally defeated.

Cautiously is an adverb, because it modifies went by stating how we went.

Immediately is an adverb, because it modifies returned by stating when they returned.

Every-where is an adverb, because it modifies searched by stating where he searched in general.

Totally is an adverb, because it modifies were defeated by stating the extent of the defeat.

EXERCISES.

ORAL.-State, 1. the adverb in each of the following sentences, 2. the adjective, 3. the pronoun, 4. the verb, 5. the noun, 6. the subject and predicate:

They have already arrived.
They acted wisely,

I will do it presently.

The stages run daily.

We seldom witness such a scene.

The affairs have been managed economically.

It should not be done again.

They are sufficiently compensated.
The Romans lived happily.

You converse cheerfully.
They were generally satisfied.
The system works admirably.
The whole train moved slowly.

The question was decided unjustly.

They often speak abruptly.

He instantly demanded satisfaction.

Howard twice visited the principal Italian towns.

The facts were erroneously stated.

The earth revolves rapidly.

The rivulet glides gently.

I have been treated kindly.

Written and ORAL.-Write ten sentences, each containing at least one adverb, and then analyze them.

II. Adverbs indicating degree, or how much, are used to modify adjectives.

EXAMPLES.

They were extremely prodigal.

You have produced a very great excitement.

Some people are supremely deceitful.

The charge is sufficiently absurd.

Your location has much the best prospect.

How false is such a heart!

He is abundantly able.

She is a most excellent woman.

He is entirely competent.

It is generally favorable.

She is excessively foolish.

You are hardly competent.
The event is barely possible.
The lady is wonderfully affected.
Her mother is nearly crazy.

EXERCISES.

ORAL.-Mention the adverb in each of the examples preceding, and then analyze each sentence.

WRITTEN AND ORAL.-Write six sentences, each containing at least one adverb modifying an adjective, and then analyze.

III. Adverbs indicating degree modify other adverbs.

EXAMPLES.

They dressed very elegantly.

He has acted most judiciously.

The work was uncommonly well executed.
We would not act so basely.

I can do it much more advantageously.

EXERCISES.

ORAL-Mention the adverb in each of the above examples, and then analyze each sentence.

WRITTEN AND ORAL.-Write five sentences, each containing an adverb modifying an adverb, and then analyze each sentence.

$9. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASES.

DEFINITION 1.-A preposition is a word used to connect words, and show the relation they sustain to each other.

Notice how the meaning changes by changing the preposition in the above example, and you will be enabled to appreciate the office of the preposition.

REMARK 1.-It will be seen, in this example, that the preposition, and the noun connected by it to the verb, taken together, modify the verb. Hence the phrase performs the office of an adverb.

DEFINITION 2.-A phrase is any collection of words less than a proposition.