the Methodists, just as the University of Chicago has had the special support and protection of the Baptists. In neither case do these denominational distinctions limit, in any appreciable way, either professors or students in the university life and work. On October 16 Kansas celebrated the installation of the new president of its university with due ceremony, and the occasion was one of great popular interest in the West. President Hadley, of Yale, delivered an important address. The new president is Dr. Frank Strong, who has for some time been president of the University of Oregon, and who is regarded as one of the best trained and most successful of the younger college administrators. Like all members of the group of Western State universities, this institution at Lawrence, Kan., is making excellent progress.

versity, which in its short career has made such noteworthy original contributions to philosophy and science; but a separate president was desired as head of the new affiliated undergraduate school. Of this collegiate department Col. Carroll D. Wright was installed as president last

PRESIDENT STRONG, OF KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY.

month. Although so long at Washington as Commissioner of Labor, Colonel Wright is a Massachusetts man, and his new duties will be congenial. Senator Hoar is chairman of the board of trustees of Clark University, and he and Senator Lodge, both of whom are especially felicitous on academic occasions, participated in the exercises. The Clark College, which opens with a large freshman class, has adopted the three-year course, with the group system which has proved so satisfactory in the undergraduate department of the Johns Hopkins University. President Butler, in his first annual report to the trustees of Columbia University last month, presented weighty reasons for providing a two years' college course. This question is one of such vital interest to all colleges and to the country at large that we have asked President Butler a series of questions which he has been good enough to answer explicitly and frankly, and his discussion will be found printed elsewhere in this number of the REVIEW. It would seem likely to arouse a thorough discussion, and to stimulate some needful reforms.

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT-AMERICAN. September 24.-The Montana Democratic convention is controlled by United States Senator Clark....New York Republicans renominate Governor Odell.

September 25.-Connecticut Democrats nominate Melbert B. Cary for governor....Republicans of the Third Iowa District nominate Judge B. P. Birdsall for Congress, to succeed Speaker Henderson, who declined a renomination.

September 27.-Montana Republicans declare for Roosevelt for President in 1904.... Gen. Russell A. Alger is appointed United States Senator by Governor Bliss, of Michigan.

September 30.-The Michigan Democratic State Central Committee names L. T. Durand as the party's candidate for governor, in place of Judge George H. Durand, his brother, who finds it necessary to withdraw on account of ill-health.

October 1.-Joseph M. Terrell (Dem.) is elected governor of Georgia by a light vote.... The Vermont Legislature elects Gen. J. G. McCullough governor by a majority of 60 votes....New York Democrats nominate Bird S. Coler for governor on a platform declaring for government ownership of the anthracite coal mines.... Rhode Island Democrats nominate Dr. L. F. C. Garvin for governor.

October 3. Massachusetts Republicans nominate John L. Bates for governor.

October 9.-Rhode Island Republicans renominate Gov. Charles D. Kimball, and declare for President Roosevelt's nomination in 1904.

October 14.-The Vermont Legislature reëlects United States Senator W. P. Dillingham.

October 18.-President Roosevelt issues an order warning Federal officeholders that the law forbidding political assessments must be obeyed.

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT-FOREIGN. September 25.-The Earl of Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, makes his formal entry into Dublin....The French Ministry of Finance reports on French investments abroad, which amount to $6,000,000,000.

September 29.-The Cuban budget is announced as aggregating $14,000,000.

October 8.-A general insurrection is reported in Macedonia.

October 9.-Joseph Chamberlain, British Colonial Secretary, addressing the Liberal Unionists of Birmingham, declares that if the present ministry is defeated on the Education bill it will resign office.... The new Japanese loan is heavily over-subscribed.

October 14.-John O'Donnell, Nationalist member of

Parliament for County Mayo, Ireland, convicted of intimidation and inciting to boycotting, is sentenced by the Crimes Act Court to three months' imprisonment at hard labor, and to an additional three months in default of bail for good behavior.

October 16.-The British Parliament reassembles; John O'Donnell is suspended from membership in the House of Commons for an insult to the prime minister.

October 17.-The French ministry is sustained in the Chamber of Deputies, on the question of the enforcement of the Associations law, by a vote of 529 to 233.

October 18.-After a week of fierce fighting, the Venezuelan revolutionist, General Mendoza, is reported to have retreated, leaving 3,000 killed and wounded.

September 26. It is announced that ambassador Charlemagne Tower, now at St. Petersburg, has been chosen to succeed Dr. Andrew D. White as American Ambassador to Germany; Ambassador McCormick, now at Vienna, is appointed ambassador to Russia; Minister Stover, now at Madrid, is appointed ambassador to Austria-Hungary; Arthur S. Hardy, now minister to Switzerland, is transferred to Spain; and Charles Page Bryan, minister to Brazil, becomes minister to Switzerland, while David E. Thomson, of Nebraska, succeeds him at Rio de Janeiro.

Copyright, 1902, by E. Chickering, Boston.

COL. WILLIAM A. GASTON, OF MASSACHUSETTS. (Democratic candidate for governor.)

September 27.-The ambassadors at Constantinople nominate Mugaffer Pasha as governor of Lebanon. September 28-A battle between Turkish troops and Bulgarians near Salonica, in European Turkey, is reported.

September 29.-Russia restores the Peking-Shan-haikwan Railway to the Chinese Government.

October 1.-The "Pious Fund" argument before The Hague Tribunal is closed....Greece protests to Turkey against the murders of Greek notables by Bulgarians in Macedonia.

October 4.-The Central American Court of Compulsory Arbitration is instituted at San Jose, Costa Rica; Guatemala declines to participate.

October 7.-It is announced that a convention between France and Siam, on the disputed boundary question, has been signed.

October 8.-In accordance with the agreement between Russia and China, the Manchurian territory lying south of the Liau River is restored to China.

October 10.-The Colombian Government makes a formal protest against Admiral Casey's refusal to permit the transit of soldiers across the Isthmus of Panama. October 13.-Sir Michael Herbert, the new British ambassador to the United States, presents his credentials at Washington.

October 14.-The Hague Tribunal decides in favor of the United States as against Mexico in the "Pious Fund" case....Henry L. Wilson, United States minister to Chile, is appointed minister to Greece to succeed Charles S. Francis, resigned; John B. Jackson is made minister to Chile.

October 15.-Massacres of Christians in Macedonia by Turkish troops are reported.

LABOR DISTURBANCES.

September 22.-The sheriff of Lackawanna County, Penn., calls on Governor Stone for troops to subdue rioting among the coal strikers.

September 23.-Troops are ordered to Lebanon, Penn., to put down rioting among iron and steel workers on strike there.

September 24.-More troops are ordered out in the Pennsylvania anthracite district.

September 28.-New Orleans street-car men, 1,800 in number, strike for shorter hours and higher wages-an eight-hour day at twenty-five cents an hour.... President Mitchell, of the United Mine Workers of America, issues a statement discussing the anthracite miners' condition and pay, and repeating their demands.

October 3.-A conference is held at Washington between President Roosevelt, the anthracite mine operators, and representatives of the miners; no agreement is reached (see page 552).

October 6.-The entire division of the National Guard of Pennsylvania is ordered to the anthracite region.... At Geneva, Switzerland, troops are called out to restore order among the striking street-car employees.... Twenty-five thousand men quit work in the coal fields of France.

October 7.-President Roosevelt appeals to the striking coal miners to resume work, promising to name a commission to investigate their condition....The British Miners' Federation votes to send money to the coal strikers in the United States.

October 8.-The United Mine Workers decline President Roosevelt's proposition to resume work pending action by Congress....The French miners declare a general strike.

October 9.-The Swiss Workmen's National Committee proclaims a general strike.

October 10.-Conferences between political leaders and the coal operators end in failure.

October 11.-The American Federation of Labor issues an appeal in behalf of the striking coal miners; Secre

GEN. J. P. S. GOBIN. (In command of the Pennsylvania troops ordered out during the coal strike.)

tary Root, representing President Roosevelt, confers with J. Pierpont Morgan on the coal strike.

October 12.-The New Orleans street-car strike is ended by mutual concessions.... The street-car employees at Geneva, Switzerland, return to work....Miners in the Belgian coal fields demand an increase in wages.

October 13.-As a result of conferences on the coalstrike situation between President Roosevelt and J. P. Morgan, it is announced that the coal operators have asked the President to appoint a commission to decide the matters at issue in the anthracite region.

October 15.-After conferences with President Mitchell of the United Mine Workers and with representa

tives of the coal operators, President Roosevelt appoints as a commission to investigate and settle the questions involved in the strike, Gen. John M. Wilson, U.S.A.; the Hon. George Gray, of Delaware; Edward Parker, of the Geological Survey; Thomas H. Watkins, of Scranton, Penn.; Bishop Spalding, of Peoria, Ill.; and Edgar E. Clark, of the Order of Railway Conductors. Col. Carroll D. Wright, head of the Department of Labor, is designated as recorder of the commission.

October 16.-President Mitchell issues a call for a delegate convention of the United Mine Workers, to vote on the proposition to return to work at once and accept the arbitration of President Roosevelt's commission.

OTHER OCCURRENCES OF THE MONTH.

September 23.-Owing to an abscess on his leg, resulting from the recent trolley accident at Pittsfield, Mass., President Roosevelt is compelled to abandon his trip to the Northwest and to submit to a slight surgical operation; he returns to Washington.

September 25.-As a means of relieving the money market, Secretary Shaw offers to anticipate payment of interest on government bonds up to June 30, 1903.

THE CROWN PRINCE OF SIAM. (Now visiting the United States.)

September 26.-A severe cyclone in Sicily destroys more than 500 lives and does much damage to property. ....It is announced that 60 per cent. of the spinning and weaving mills in the South have been consolidated; the cash capital involved is $25,000,000....As a further measure of relief for the money market, Secretary Shaw announces that he will purchase 5 per cent. bonds of 1904 at 105.

September 27.-In a train wreck at Arleux, France, 22 persons are killed and 60 injured....A Russian military celebration takes place at Shipka Pass in memory of the independence of Bulgaria....American and British tobacco interests are amalgamated in a joint company under the name of the British-American Tobacco Company, Ltd.

MEMORIAL CHURCH ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF SHIPKA PASS,

BULGARIA.

(This church was dedicated during the fêtes held in the first week of October to commemorate the winning of the independence of Bulgaria by Skobeleff in 1877.)