Confederate army, and the ballots of the veterans will go his way.

The recent group of aspirants for the governorship in Georgia was composed of very nearly these elements, and public favor was, therefore, greatly divided. But the two most conspicuous of the five contestants in the struggle proved to be Mr. Terrell, the successful man, and, after him, the Hon. J. H. Estill, of Savannah.

Colonel Estill was the "editor in politics" as well as the one-time Confederate soldier, -a

COL. J. H. ESTILL.

combination hard to beat, especially when, as in this case, the reputation established both in the field and in the sanctum was unassailable. He was scarcely of age when the Civil War broke out, but he immediately offered his services, and throughout the long conflict proved a worthy son of his native land. When the struggle ended, he came home impoverished, like most of his fellows, and began life anew. That he was able in a few years to achieve a competency, becoming, first, part owner, then editor and manager, later, editor and sole proprietor, of a paper so strong and important as the Savannah Morning News, proves him the possessor of both administrative and journalistic ability. He is very prominent, also, in other ways in his native.

city, Savannah, being county commissioner, an influential member of the board of education, and chairman of the finance committee. Besides all this, his personal character is without reproach, and this has magnified his influence.

Colonel Estill's announcement of his candidacy was in itself refreshingly frank and simple. He opened with this ingenuous statement: "In compliance with the wishes of my friends and my own ambition to occupy that most honorable office, I have decided to be a candidate for the Democratic nomination for governor." Having kept himself free from political entanglements in the past, he talked no political jargon. "I have no platform," he declared, nor do I think I shall promulgate one. The constitution and the laws are the platform on which the chief executive stands." Altogether, this editor in politics made a most interesting figure, and it was rather through the exceeding strength of his chief opponent than through anything that could be called weakness in himself or his campaign that he happened to come out second in the race.

This chief opponent, and now victor, the Hon. Joseph M. Terrell, has administered for the past ten years the office of attorney-general of Georgia, having only recently resigned this honorable position to enter the contest for the governorship. Mr. Terrell is still a young man, having cele brated his forty-first birth-anniversary on the fortunate day of the primaries. A Georgian of Georgians he is, like the now eminent Democratic leader, Congressman Griggs, Mr. Terrell's old schoolmate and friend. Both these strenuous young men are of the old pioneer stock from which statesmen have many a time been fashioned, have had their education in the common schools of the State, and their life-discipline in every-day paths of duty; both read law early, and became youthful practitioners in small Georgia towns, whence one has climbed to a seat of distinction in Congress and the other to the governor's chair at home.

When Mr. Terrell's hand shall grasp the helm of this important Southern State, two things besides the judicious discharge of a governor's or dinary duties are, by the clear record of his past, well-assured-one, that the new educational movement in that State, the placing of her common schools upon a broader, sounder basis and the promotion of industrial and technical training, will be fostered and urged forward; the other, that the new manufacturing movement will meet with no check or hindrance which the governor can possibly remove. Every Southern State needs at this turn a governor of Mr. Terrell's stamp.

IN N the same month, July, in which the New York arsenal completed for American coast defense the most powerful cannon ever built, the Fore River Ship and Engine Company launched at Quincy, Mass., the biggest sailing vessel that floats. The ship was all the more significant from the fact that it was a type totally new to the world, a seven-masted schooner.

Two or

three years ago a five-masted schooner was one of the marine wonders, two only being in existence. The seven-masted Thomas W. Lawson, launched on July 10, is not only a notable innovation from her size and her rig; the steel construction throughout and the use of steam power instead of man power marks the final departure from the old-fashioned wooden-timbered craft of the Maine shipyards. Even the masts of the Lawson, except the topmasts, are of steel; and so thoroughly are the six powerful steam engines adapted to the requirements of shifting

the sails and spars and lowering and raising the anchors and steering, that sixteen men only are a sufficient crew.

The hull of the Lawson is 403 feet long, with the steel bowsprit extending 83 feet farther, and has a beam of 50 feet. She carries 8,100 tons of cargo, and has a total displacement when loaded of 11,000 tons. The masts tower 150 feet above the deck, and carry 25 separate sails. Such a modern freighting schooner is fitted with conveniences that would seem luxurious indeed to the able seaman of a generation ago. Electric lights are everywhere that lights are needed, steam heats the cabins and works the pumps and the siren, while telephone lines connect the navigating departments with the engine room.

The Lawson will be used as a collier in the coasting trade at first, and her owners expect her to make a good profit on the cost of a quarter million dollars. Later she may go to the Pacific Ocean.

THE

HE 16-inch breech-loading rifle just built at the Watervliet Arsenal for the defense of New York Harbor marks an epoch in the whole history of artillery warfare. The great cannon is half again more powerful than its nearest rival, -an English gun of 16.25-inch bore. It is one of a series of coast-defense guns provided for by the Endicott Board, appointed during Cleveland's first administration. Eighteen such rifles are to be mounted for the defense of New York City, ten for San Francisco, eight for Boston, and four for Hampton Roads.

Guns of larger caliber are in use in other countries; there is an Italian 17.76-inch rifle, a French gun of 16.5-inch caliber, and the Armstrong gun on the British battleships measures 16.25 inches. But the maximum energy of the new American gun is 88,000 foot tons, as against 45 per cent., 41 per cent., and 65 per cent. of

this energy for the Italian, French, and English giants, respectively.

The most dramatic feature of the American

rifle is its range. The greatest actual performance in long-range shooting is that of the Krupp gun, fired before the Kaiser in April, 1892, which carried about twelve and one-half miles. The new American rifle will have, theoretically, the amazing range of twenty-one miles. In other words, a warship carrying such a rifle could anchor in New York Harbor and throw projectiles into New Rochelle, or Paterson, or Hastings. In the course of its flight the shell would rise about six miles above the ground.

The monster gun is 49 feet 2.9 inches long, the projectile is 5 feet 4 inches long, with steel penetration of 42.3 inches. The cost of firing one shot is about $1,000, and the weight of the rifle without the carriage is 126 tons.

EAN DE BLOCH being dead yet speaketh

JE

to the world, and will continue to speak through the Museum of War and Peace which he has created on the shores of the Lake of Lucerne, and which was opened on Saturday, June 7, by M. Passy in the presence of an assembly of the friends of peace of all nations. The distinguished founder, whose marble bust, surrounded with laurels, stands in the great hall of the museum, was represented by his son, M. Henri de Bloch, his widow, Madame de Bloch, and her two daughters, the Countess Koscielska, whose husband is a conspicuous figure among the Polish members of the Prussian Herrenhaus, and her widowed sister, Madame Holynska. One of their guests made the remark, that the late benefactor had after his death added to the benefits he had conferred upon the world by making the members of his brilliant and accomplished family better known to the leaders of Western thought and progress. To this may be added the further observation that he has still further increased the debt which we owe him by reminding us of the continued and indestructible existence of the Poles among the family of nations.

A Russian chronicler once bitterly complained that for centuries Russia was hidden from the eyes of mankind behind the two menacing specters, the Pole and the Tartar, which enveloped her on the West and on the East. The same re. mark, with variations, may be made about Poland to-day. The nation which formerly obscured Russia from the sight of the West has, for

more than a hundred years, disappeared between Russia and Prussia. The busy nations on the seaboard had almost forgotten the existence of their Polish sister. Since the days when "Freedom shrieked when Kosciusko fell" few Polish names have imprinted themselves upon the Western mind. But the Poles, although over. looked, persisted in existing, in cherishing their faith, in pursuing their national culture. Cut off by their partition from the possibility of exer. cising any influence as a political state, they threw themselves into other pursuits. They made their provinces the most prosperous region in Russia. They throve so much in Posen that the Kaiser and his Chancellor have emitted cries of alarm, the one over the fecundity of the Polish "rabbits," while the other proclaims that "Polish arrogance is resolved to encroach upon German. ism." In Austria they have shown their capacity to govern the semi-autonomous province of Galicia. But the dim myriads of peasants and artisans, of merchants and manufacturers, might have existed for generations without making any impress upon the imagination of the world if no man had arisen capable of shivering the gloom with the lightning of his genius.

Such a man Poland at last produced in Jean de Bloch. At a time when another Polish genius, Sienkiewicz, was emulating Sir Walter Scott in reviving the almost-forgotten romance of his country's past, Jean de Bloch arose to compel the recognition by the world of the great and luminous idea by which he was able to cast a

gleam of hope and inspiration upon the somewhat somber horizon of the future. Sienkiewicz reproduced the past, but Jean de Bloch incarnated the present, and foresaw the future. In him the world saw Poland once more a living, healthy, thinking, inspiring force in the circle of the nations.

Jean de Bloch was a seer, a seeing man in the midst of the blind. He saw that we had passed through a period in which, almost unconsciously, such a revolution had been effected in the methods of warfare as to render war on a large scale practically impossible. He saw the truth, and proclaimed it abroad in the hearing of the world. At first his message fell upon deaf ears. His zeal was redoubled by the indifference of the unseeing multitude. He wrote, he spoke, he spared neither time nor expense in order to drive conviction into the minds of his contemporaries. At last he found a hearing. Some dim perception of his great discovery dawned upon at least one master of many legions. Then came the Hague Conference, and M. de Bloch found in that international parliament an admirable field for the preaching of his message. After the Conference came the war, which went so far to verify all M. de Bloch's contentions that it was no paradox to say that Mr. Chamberlain's name may live in history solely because he was the author of a war which verified the hypotheses of M. de Bloch.

To embody in a great museum a permanent, visible, and tangible object-lesson, M. de Bloch set on foot during the late war the foundation of a great Museum of War and Peace, which would embody and illustrate the truth which he sought to teach. Unfortunately, death smote him before he was permitted to see the fruit of his labor. His place was taken by his son, who completed the work which his father had begun. Hence it was possible for M. Passy, on June 7, to open the picturesque building which has been reared on the shore of the Lake of the Four Cantons to provide house-room and exhibitionspace for the contents of M. de Bloch's museum.

The interior of the museum is in a state which is at once very finished and very unfinished. The building, being a temporary one, to be reconstructed in six years, is a series of vast sheds, some divided into compartments, each of which is devoted to a different country or a different age. The floors are not yet paved, and nothing in the way of permanent decoration has been attempted. On the other hand, the collection of exhibits, and that is the chief thing,-is very complete, very interesting, and very varied. In the large entrance hall the first thing that strikes the eye is a bust of the late M. de Bloch, surrounded with palms and flowers, and looking out upon the vast collection of arms which he had

collected from all parts of the world. The room, indeed, contains specimens of every weapon employed by man since he first took to slaying his brother with flint arrow-heads. There are two very remarkable-looking hooped brass cannon, cast in the fifteenth century, a bristling little forest of Swiss pikes with which the herdsmen and burghers of Switzerland destroyed the chivalry of Austria, suits of armor from the Middle Ages, rockets used in 1870, Maxim guns of the latest type, targets showing the effect of bullets and shells fired at various ranges,-everything, indeed, directly or indirectly connected with armaments new and old is to be found here. This is the mechanical side of war. The pictorial side is even better shown in the gallery of dioramas, the entrance of which is behind M. de Bloch's bust. The tableaux here are about eight in number; and they are admirably painted by scenic artists of repute, the foregrounds being skillfully built up of real objects. Here the tactical methods of the wars of the past and present are contrasted, the difference in formation being clearly shown. The Swiss defending their mountain passes, the Russians attacking Plevna in the snow, the British methods of attack in South Africa, are all admirably put together, and the tableau of a battlefield by night is worthy of Verestchagin.

But these two rooms take up only a small por