at Capræa, (U. C., 786,) states that one of the conspi-. rators, "Julius Celsus, in vinculis laxatam catenam et circumdatam in diversum tendens, suam ipse cervicem perfregit." And truly observed Napoleon at St. Helena, "Son âme forte ne put envisager l'infamie du supplice: il désespéra de ma clémence ou la dédaigna," words, not less authentic in fact, than forcible in expression. Moreau similarly disdained the offered remission of his sentence, which, had it been death, he was prepared to anticipate, and repel the imposed obligation of humiliating mercy-" ne pouvant souffrir que Bonaparte l'accablât du poids de son pardon." (Bignon, tome iii., 413.) It was on that occasion that Clavier, (Etienne,) one of Moreau's appointed judges, when assured by Murat, on the part of Bonaparte, that the tribunal might, in all security of conscience and result, capitally convict the accused, because the first Consul, was determined to extend to him the prerogative of pardon,-"de lui faire grâce," replied, with noble indignation," But who will pardon us? Et qui nous fera grâce à nous?" Clavier was deeply read in Greek literature, as his "Histoire des Premiers Temps de la Grèce," and various translations, certify. He died in 1817, leaving a daughter married to the celebrated Paul Louis Courier, (Gent. Mag. for November 1839, page 474,) equally eminent as a Hellenist, but of bitterest causticity of character, pen, and tongue, which probably caused his death by assassination, in April 1825. The French equal him to our Junius.

Clavier's honorable conduct was pursued with equal independence and conscientious energy by M. Suard, one of the most elegant writers of his day, and pro

prietor of the "Publiciste," a periodical of highest repute and influence, in which Napoleon, then (1807) refulgent in omnipotence of might and glory, seductively solicited Suard, whose most eminent disciple is the present head of the French Ministry, M. Guizot, to insert, not only the justification of Moreau's impeachment, but the vindication of the Duke of Enghien's death. M. Suard's answer to Maret, Duke of Bassano, through whom the imperial desire was communicated, was, that at his advanced years, (71,) he could not change the conviction or expression of his long-formed principles. "Je n'ai jamais fait le sacrifice de mon sentiment, et de ma pensée: mon caractère ne s'est pas assoupli avec l'âge, et je voudrais achever ma carrière comme je l'ai parcourue." But, though Maret assured him that the Emperor did justice to his motives, the refusal was painfully visited on him not long after. In a previous personal communication with Napoleon, the subject of discourse turning on Tacitus, the Emperor arraigned him as a malignant calumniator of the Roman Sovereigns, more especially of Nero. "Le peuple Romain aimait ses empereurs," said he, " et l'on n'aime pas les monstres." But, in the energetic expression of Chénier's "Tragédie de Tibère,"

"Tacite en traits de flamme accuse nos Séjans;
Et son nom prononcé fait pâlir les tyrans."

See also Napoleon's opinion expressed at Weimar, page 472, ante.

These particulars are derived principally from Garat's "Mémoires de Suard," (tome ii. p. 428,) a work of some interest; but the biographer's own life was far more pregnant of events; for he acted a conspicuous

part in the Revolution. It was he, who, as Minister of Justice, announced to Louis, on the 20th January 1793, the fatal sentence which was executed the following day; and all the details of the interview between the royal victim and misnamed Minister, were subsequently made public by the Abbé Edgworth, in whom my country may glory-a witness of the scene. They are emphatically confirmed by Garat himself, at page 341 of the second volume of this biography, where he says, "Parmi tant de têtes tombées nul en écoutant son arrêt de mort, n'a élevé son âme plus haut vers le ciel, nul n'a plus eu le maintien, non seulement de l'innocence, mais de la plus auguste vertu." Such a homage, offered so many years posterior to the occurrence, and from such a source, fully justifies what the Count Alexandre de Tilly, (a gentleman not unknown to Lord Ashburton's family,) expressed of the virtuous monarch:

"Il ne sut que mourir, aimer et pardonner;
S'il avait su punir, il aurait su règner."

At page 92 of his second volume, M. Garat states, that Anthony Hamilton "était né à Caen en Normandie, mais d'origine Anglaise comme on peut le deviner à l'huymour (sic) des Mémoires de Grammont." Here is a double error; for that truly humorous author was neither born in Normandy, nor of English extraction. He was Irish by birth, and of Scotch descent; but, educated from his infancy at Caen, it was his intellectual birth-place, to which he owed more than to his native Tyrone.* Garat (D. I.) was

The Anglo-Norman poet, Robert Wace, a native of Jersey, as we learn from himself

"Je dis et dirai que je sui
Waiece de l'isle de Gersey,"

uncle to the present sub-governor of the bank of France, whose wife is aunt of the too-celebrated Marie Capelle (Madame Laffarge.)

There are several inaccuracies in the names of the Celtic vocabularies enumerated at page 392; but I shall only stop to notify the misnomer of M'Cartain for M'Curtin, whose two volumes, with that of Dr. O'Brien, Roman Catholic bishop of Cloyne, were printed at Paris, in consequence of the opposition then evinced to the cultivation of our native idiom, as adverse, it was apprehended, alike to the supremacy of England's creed and dominion; but, for a more complete view of the subject, see Gent. Mag. for October 1839, page 380.

In the mortuary report of Pozzo di Borgo, (p. 481,) it is erroneously stated, that he bore the address of congratulation to the National Convention; for, in fact, he never saw that famed body, having left France before its convocation, and remained absent until 1814, as he told me himself. (Gent. Mag. January, 1841, p. 32.) It should be the National Assembly, usually discriminated as the Constituant, or framer of the first of those ephemeral constitutions, sealed by unhallowed oaths, which long involved the judicial action of the law in contradiction and confusion. During the brief existence of the Convention, hardly exceeding thirty

was, like Hamilton, educated from his childhood at Caen.

"A Caen fu petit porté

Illéques fu à lettres mis,

Puia fu langues en France appris."

Our noble poet, the Earl of Roscommon, translator of the "Dies Iræ," &c. was also educated at Caen.

Waice was author of "Le Roman du Rou," and of "Les ducs de Normadie," &c. He flourished in the twelfth century. His poems, edited by M. M. Pluquet, and Le Prevost, appeared at Rouen in 1827, 2 vols. 8vo.

seven months-from 22nd September 1792, to 26th October 1795-it issued not less than 8,363 decrees, in addition to the subsisting mass of legislation-an overwhelming weight, under which the Government must, as it did, necessarily sink, like that of Rome. Utque antehac flagitiis, ita tunc legibus laborabatur." Tacit. Annal. ii., 25.

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