teau, the hangman, paraded the town in the latter.*

A curious notice from the Pennsylvania Gazette shows that certain feminine adornments, and even one of the much-derided red cloaks, had found their way into a household of such simplicity as the Franklins' as early as 1750.

"Whereas on Saturday night last, the house of Ben. jamin Franklin, of this city, printer, was broken open, and the following things feloniously taken away, viz. a double necklace of gold beads, a woman's long scarlet cloak, almost new, with a double cape, a woman's gown, of printed cotton, of the sort called brocade print, very remarkable, the ground dark, with large red roses, and other large and yellow flowers, with blue in some of the flowers, with many green leaves; a pair of woman's stays, covered with white tabby before, and dove-colour'd tabby behind, with two large steel hooks, and sundry other goods. Whoever discovers the thief, or thieves, either in this or any of the neighbouring provinces, so that they may be brought to justice, shall receive Ten Pounds reward; and for recovering any of the goods, a reward in proportion to their value, paid by BENJAMIN FRANKLIN." It is evident that there was enough worldliness abroad in Philadelphia to lead

*Watson's Annals, vol. i. p. 184.

prominent Quakers to issue such letters as that of the Women Friends of Burlington and of Thomas Chalkley, especially as a traveller of veracity has assured us that young Quakeresses were fond of ribbons and other gayeties in attire.

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Watson found so many diversions to record that he devotes a separate chapter to Sports and Amusements," in which he tells of the "High Dutch" skating of Dr. Foulke, the celebrated surgeon, and of "Ox Roasts" on the thick-ribbed ice of the Delaware River, in the presence of numerous skaters, the skaters of Philadelphia being pre-eminent.

Mrs. Ball advertised her school for teaching French, playing on the spinet, and. dancing, in Letitia Court, about 1730; and a few years later, when, in consequence of the religious fervor excited by the preaching of Whitefield, dancing-schools, concertrooms, and play-houses were closed, there was strong opposition to such stringent measures from a certain portion of the community, some of the gentlemen even breaking open the doors. The famous

Dancing Assembly, whose lists run down to our own day, was established in 1749. Places in the dance were arranged by lot, and partners were engaged for the evening, "leaving nothing," says the astute chronicler, "to the success of forwardness or favouritism. Gentlemen always drank tea with their partners the day after the assembly, a sure means of producing a more lasting acquaintance, if desirable." It is to be hoped that pretty Quakeresses were sometimes allowed to participate in the milder festivity of such tea-drinkings, even if the more exciting pleasures of the dance were denied them.

If gayeties and luxuries rapidly increased in Pennsylvania, it is gratifying to know that churches, meeting-houses, and schools kept pace with the one, and that the commerce and manufactures of a largely industrial population balanced and contributed to the demands of the other.

The first school in Philadelphia, opened by Enoch Flower in 1683, was soon followed by a grammar-school, established by Samuel Carpenter and other leading

Friends. Over this school, in which the
"learned languages were taught," pre-
sided George Keith, a Scotch Friend, who
later joined the English Church and be-
came a grievous "thorn in the flesh" of
good Quakers. Keith was assisted in his
teaching by Thomas Makin, who occa-
sionally indulged in flights of poetry; but,
finding pedagogy more popular than poetry,
he finally became principal of the grammar-
school in Keith's place, and carried it on
with fair success. It is curious fact that
the small and now almost unknown sea-
board town of Lewes boasted so superior
a school for girls that Governor Lloyd
sent his daughters there to complete their
education, while to a little settlement in
Bucks County belongs the honor of open-
ing the first institution for collegiate in-
struction in the Middle Colonies.
Log College, founded by the Rev. William
Tennent in 1726, in which undertaking he
was greatly assisted by his cousin James
Logan, became the alma mater of such
distinguished divines as William Tennent
the younger, Samuel Finley, the Blairs,

The

Charles Beatty, and William Robinson, besides claiming the distinction of being the corner-stone of Princeton College, established more than twenty years later.

An anecdote is told of the Rev. Charles Beatty, an early graduate of the Log College, by Dr. Franklin, which admirably illustrates the ready mother-wit of the latter.

Dr. Beatty was acting as chaplain to an army of five hundred men led by Franklin to defend the frontier against the French and Indians after the burning of the Moravian mission at Gnadenhütten, Pennsylvania.

、

"Dr. Beatty complained to me," says Franklin," that the men did not generally attend his prayers and exhortations. When they were enlisted, they were promised, besides hay and provisions, a gill of rum a day, which was punctually served out to them, half in the morning, and the other half in the evening; and I observed they were as punctual in attending to receive it; upon which I said to Mr. Beatty, 'It is perhaps below the dignity of your profession to act as steward of the rum, but if you were to deal it out, and only just after prayers, you would have them all about you.'"

The shrewd suggestion was adopted by