Evidence, in argument, 333, 337,
352

Exact word, the, 224-241; a ready
vocabulary, 224; exact meanings,
225; words worth studying, 226;
synonyms, 226–235; homonyms,
235-237; antonyms, 236; words
in good use, 237-239; helps in
choosing, 239–241
Examples, developing the para-
graph by, 195; developing expo-
sition by, 311, 313; developing
the argument by, 333
"Exciting Moment, An" (pupil's
theme), 14, 198

Exclamation point, 54-55

Exclamatory sentence, in securing
emphasis, 216

Exercises: abstract, 319-320; ad-
jectives, 167, 168; adverbs, 168;
analysis, 180-182; argument, 336,
338, 346-349; book reviews, 321;
brackets, 67; capitalization, 53,
54, 84, 85; cause and effect, 316-
317; choosing subjects, 8, 11, 16,
18, 35, 36, 44, 48; clauses, 176-
178, 184; coherence, 186, 187,
192, 193, 211, 212, 213, 269;
colon, 63, 64; comma, 59, 60;
comparison and contrast, 198,
199, 315-316; complex sentence,
51, 183, 184, 204, 208, 213; com-
pound sentence, 51, 183, 184, 204,
205, 208; conjunctions, 171, 172;
conversation, 67, 131; dash, 65;
debate, 338, 346-349; descrip-
tion, 290-304; editorials, 324, 325;
emphasis, 191, 192, 193, 216, 217,
218, 219, 220, 222, 269; examples,
development by, 198, 313-314;
exclamation point, 55, 219; ex-
position, 307, 308, 310, 311;
312-318, 319-326; figures of
speech, 249, 250, 251, 252; ger-
unds, 143-144; imagination, 12,
37, 67, 71, 294; infinitives, 140,

143, 144; interrogative sentence,
54; letter writing, 46, 71, 85, 93,
94, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106, 107–111,
189, 223, 255, 264, 287, 297, 313,
327, 328, 336; manuscript, 24;
memorizing, 6; news items, 280,
281; notes, 323; novel, 282; oral
reading and composition, 4-8, 12,
22, 33-35, 37, 38, 49, 52, 85, 178,
193, 198, 223, 255, 264, 265, 268-
270, 274, 276, 283, 284, 285, 296,
297, 301, 302, 313-317, 324, 346,
348, 359; outlines, 33-38, 40, 44,
47, 48, 49, 219, 263, 264, 265, 266,
267, 298, 309, 311, 313, 318; para-
graph writing, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45,
48, 85, 188, 190–192, 198, 199, 208,
223, 268, 269; participles, 141,
142; particulars, development by,
198, 199, 312-313; parts of speech,
113-116, 118; period, 53, 54;
phrases, 173, 174, 177, 184; pre-
fixes and suffixes, 76-78; preposi-
tion, 168, 169; pronouns, 126-
128, 129, 130, 131, 132; proverbs,
218, 308, 313, 314; punctuation,
68-71; pupil's criticism, 26, 27,
30, 37, 38, 42, 48, 55, 60, 64, 65,
67, 93, 94, 187-189, 192, 193, 269,
272, 276, 280, 293, 303, 304, 320;
quotation marks, 67, 70; repeti-
tion, development by, 198, 314-
315; secretary's report, 18, 323;
semicolon, 61; shall and will, 149,
150, 151; should and would, 152;
spelling, 73-79, 83, 85; syllabica-
tion, 75, 76; synopses, 161, 162;
themes, writing of, 26, 30, 36, 37,
38, 44, 46, 48, 49, 53, 60, 65, 131,
189, 192, 193, 199, 223, 255, 261,
265, 267, 270, 274, 282-287, 290,
291, 294, 295, 297-299, 301-303,
310, 311, 313, 314, 315, 316, 318,
326, 329, 336; titles, 16, 22; topic
sentence, 46, 47, 48, 49, 187, 188,
198, 199, 213, 218, 312; unity, 45,
49, 188, 189, 190, 193, 205, 206, 207,
218, 261, 269, 290; verbs, 133,
134, 135, 136, 137, 154, 155, 161-
163, 164-166; verse, 359; words,

220, 222, 225, 226-237, 243, 244,
245, 246, 247, 253, 254
Expletive, 139

Exposition, 305-330; meaning of,
305; definition, 306; unity in,
308; coherence in, 308-309;
methods of, 311; by details, 312;
by examples, 313; by repetition,
314; by comparison and contrast,
315; by cause and effect, 316;
directions for writing, 317; spe-
cial forms of, 319; abstract, 319;
book review, 320; notes, 322;
newspaper editorials, 323; char-
acter sketches, 325; letters, 327;
and argument, 331

"Father's Friend, My" (pupil's
theme), 4

Feet in verse, 356-358
FIELDS, J. T., "Thackeray and the
Oyster," 273
Figurative words, 247
Figures of speech, 247; similes and
metaphors, 248-250; mixed meta-
phors, 250-251; metonymy, 251;
personification, 252; apostrophe,
252; transferred epithet, 253
"Firearms are an Aid to Perma-
nency of Civilization," Adam
Smith, 347-348

FITZGERALD, EDWARD, letter by, 105
"Floating," C. D. Warner, 312
"Football Player, A," Lefroy, 15
Forcible words, choice of, 242;
simple words, 242-245; specific
words, 245-247; figurative words,
247-248; similes and metaphors,
248-250; mixed metaphors, 250;
metonymy, 251; personification,
252; apostrophe, 252; transferred
epithet, 253

Foreign nouns, plural of, 117–118
Formal notes, 108-109
Fox, 196

FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, 33, 196,
343-344

"Franklin Park, In" (pupil's theme),
3, 186

"Franklin's Famous Toast," 33

HAMILTON, GAIL, letter to Whittier,
106

HARRIS, GEORGE, "Moral Evolu-
tion," 194-195
HAWTHORNE,
267, 290, 294

NATHANIEL, 187,

HAZLITT, WILLIAM, "On the Con-
duct of Life," 47

Heading, to composition, 20; to
letter, 88

HENRY, PATRICK, 335
"Heroes who fight Fire," Riis, 113-
114
Hexameter, 358

Historical novel, 259
Homer's Iliad, 257
Homonyms, 235-236
Honorable, 95

"House of the Seven Gables, The,"
Hawthorne, 187, 267, 290, 316
"Housing of the Poor, The," brief,
341

"How I killed a Bear," C. D. War-

Indicative mood, 137

Indirect discourse, 150, 176
Indirect object, 120, 135
Indirect question, 54, 176
Individuality in writing, 2, 31
Infinitives, subject of, 120; comple-
ment of, 120; defined, 138; tenses
of, 138; used as a noun, 138; used
as a verb, 139; used as an adjec-
tive, 139; used as an adverb, 139;
used without grammatical connec-
tion with the rest of the sentence,
139; exercises on, 140, 143, 144
Inflection, defined, 112; noun, 116;
Anglo-Saxon, 121; verb, 132
Informal notes, 109-111
Interjection, 113

Interrogation point, 54

Interrogative pronoun, 125
Interrogative sentence, 216
Intransitive verb, 132, 134
Introduction, to the composition,
267; to the brief, 340, 341; to
the debate, 346

IRVING, WASHINGTON, 9, 10, 40, 43-
44, 186, 199, 267, 284, 292-293
It, 139

It's, 130

66

Ivanhoe," Scott, 10, 45, 268, 274,
283

"Lady of the Lake," Scott, 355,
357

"Lamb's Salt Dips," 272

"Last of the Mohicans," Cooper,
268
Leaders, 67

LEFROY, E. C., "A Football Player,"
15

"Legend of Sleepy Hollow," Irving,
284, 293

Letter writing, practical value of, 2,
86; as a form of training, 86; the
paper, 87; the heading and ad-
dress, 88-89; the salutation, 88,
89, 90; body of the letter, 90–91;
conclusion of the letter, 91–93;
complimentary close, 92; signa-
ture, 92-93; form of address for
mayor, 93; folding the letter, 93;
the envelope, 94-95; suggestions
for, 96; abbreviations in, 96;
business letters, 96-102; speci-
mens of letters, 97-102; letters
of friendship, 102-108; Steven-
son, 103; Phillips Brooks, 104;
Edward Fitzgerald, 105; of sym-
pathy, 105-106; Abraham Ĺin-
coln, 106; Gail Hamilton, 106–
107; of congratulation, 107; as a
form of exposition, 319, 327-328;
as a form of argument, 333-335
Life, in the sentence, 221-222; in
the composition, 241, 242; in de-
scription, 301

"Life of Samuel Johnson," Ma-
caulay, 254
Like, 171, 363

66

MACAULAY, T. B., 254, 315
Mahto-Tatonka," Parkman, 289
Mann, inflection of, 121
Manuscript, neatness of, 20; mar-
gins, 20; heading, 20; title, 20-
21; punctuation, 22-23; spelling,
23; paragraphing, 23; two copies
of, 24; model for, 25; revising
and rewriting, 27; criticism of,
27-30
Margins, 20

Mathematics, number of, 117
May, 160, 228

Memorizing, importance of, 5-6;
helps in, 6 ftn.

"Merchant of Venice, The," Shake-

speare, 319, 326
Messrs., 117

Metaphor, 248, 250

Meter, 355-359

Metonymy, 251

Might, 160

MILTON, JOHN, 257, 357
Misses, 117

Mixed metaphor, 250

66

66

Modern Painters," Ruskin, 288
Money Thrown Away" (editorial),
331

Mood, defined, 136; indicative, 137;
subjunctive, 136, 137; imperative,
136, 137

"Moral Evolution," Harris, 194–195
Mr., 95
'My Father's

66

theme), 4

Friend" (pupil's

Narration, 271-287; the incident,
271; the news item, 279; the
short story, 281

Negative side, in debate, 337, 351,
352

66

Nehushta," Crawford, 5, 296
Neither, 153, 363

"Nerves of the Road," Spearman,
196-197

NETTLETON, G. H., "Specimens of
the Short Story," 321
NEWMAN, JOHN, 295
News item, 279

Nominative absolute, 119
Nominative case, 118-120
Not only, 171, 210
Note-taking, 322-323

Noun, defined, 112; proper, 116,
117; common, 116; collective,
116, 117, 153, 154; abstract, 116;
verbal, 116; declension, 116; num-
ber, 117, 153, 154; compound,
117; foreign, 117-118; case, 118–
123; subject of a verb, 118; pred-
icate nominative, 118; apposi-
tive, 119, 120; direct address, 119;
nominative absolute, 119; gender,
123; infinitive as, 138; gerund
as, 143

Novel, form of narrative, 259; com-
pared with short story, 281
Number, of nouns, 117; possessive
singular and plural, 121; of pro-
nouns, 124-125; of verbs, 153-154

Object. See Direct object and Indi-
rect object

Objective case, 120

Objective complement, 119, 120
"Old Friend, An" (pupil's theme),

Outline, examples of, 7, 32, 33, 34,
37, 38; definition of, 31; essen-
tials of, 31-32; filling in the, 34;
in the paragraph, 40; in the
longer composition, 269; in expo-
sition, 309; in argument, 341-342

PAGE, THOMAS N., "The Old
South," 316-317

PALMER, G. H., "Self-cultivation in
English," 349

"Paradise Lost," Milton, 257
Paragraph, definition of, 23; inden-
tion of, 23; as a unit, 39; the
independent, 39; length of, 39;
unity in, 39, 185; topic of the, 39,
45-46, 185; plan of, 40; connect-
ing the, 42-44, 185-186; topic
sentence in, 46–49, 185; develop-
ment of the, 185-201; coherence
in, 185; emphasis in, 185, 189-
191; developing by details, 194;
developing by examples, 195;
developing by repetition, 196;
developing by comparison and
contrast, 196; developing by cause
and effect, 197; exercises in de-
veloping, 198-200; transitional,
263

Parentheses, 65

PARKMAN, FRANCIS, "The Oregon

Trail," 46, 255, 274, 289, 294
Participle, defined, 141; tenses, 141;
exercises, 141, 142; in securing
coherence, 210
Parts of speech, 112-113; flexibility
of, 114; nouns, 116-123; pro-
nouns, 124-132; verbs, 132-166;
adjectives and adverbs, 167–168;
prepositions, 168-170; conjunc-
tions, 170-172
Passive voice, 134, 206
Pentameter, 358
Period, 52-54

Periodic sentence, 215, 218, 219
PERRY, BLISS, "A Study of Prose
Fiction," 320

Person, of pronouns, 124; of verbs,
153
Personal pronouns, 124

Personification, capitals in, 84; de-
fined, 252

Persuasive composition, Patrick
Henry, 335. See Argument
Phrases, punctuation of, 57, 58, 61 ;
defined, 172; adjective, 172; ad-
verbial, 172, 173; noun, 172; in-
finitive, 172; position of, 210
"Pilgrim's Progress," Bunyan, 243,
245

Plural, formation of, 74-75
PLUTARCH, "Lives," 306
Point of view, 260, 269, 292, 301
"Poole's Index," 339

Portia, description of, 326
Possessive case, of nouns, 121-123;
of pronouns, 130-131; with ger-
und, 143

Predicate, 50, 51

Predicate adjective, 119
Predicate nominative, 118, 119
Prefixes and suffixes, 76-78
Preposition, defined, 113; correct
use of, 168-170

"President's Message, The," 12-13
Principal parts of verb, 134, 163–164
Promissory note, 100
Pronouns, defined, 112; classifica-
tion of, 124-125; personal, 124;
relative, 124; interrogative, 125;
demonstrative, 125; indefinite,
125; antecedents, 125, 210; every
one, 127; ambiguity in use of,
129; case of, 129-131; posses-
sive, 130; reflexive, 131
Proof, in debate, 340, 349
Proposition, in debate, 337
Punctuation, origin, 22-23; value,
52; period, 52; interrogation
point, 54; exclamation point, 54;
comma, 55; in letters, 58, 59, 63,
94; semicolon, 60; colon, 62;
dash, 64; parentheses, 65; brack-
ets, 65; apostrophe, 65; quota-
tion marks, 66; hyphen, 67; as-
terisks and leaders, 67

Quantity, in verse, 355-356
"Quentin Durward," Scott, 45, 274
Question mark, 54