Than is a conjunction. Say, "He is older than I," not "older than me." In "than whom" than is used like a preposition.
Through. Say, “I have finished eating," rather than "I am through eating."
Very is not to be used unless it makes the meaning more emphatic. It is a good word to strike out in revising manuscript. Say "very much interested," not "very interested."
Ways is not to be used for way. Say, "It is a long way," not "a long ways."
Without is not to be used as a conjunction, meaning unless. Say, "I shall not try for the team unless you think best," not "without you think best."
(Exercises have seldom been included under regular topics but are listed under Exercises)
Abbot, The," Scott, 9, 259 Abbreviations, in letters, 96 Abstract nouns, 116
Abstract, the, a form of exposition, 319-323
Accent, in spelling, 73, 74; in verse, 355
Active voice, defined, 134; of give, 157, 159, 160; an aid to emphasis,
ADDISON, JOSEPH, 262, 263 Address, of the letter, 88, 89 Adjective phrases, 172-173 Adjectives, defined, 113; predicate,
119; infinitives as, 139; demon- strative, 167; articles, 167; and adverbs, 167
Adverbial clauses, 175 Adverbial phrases, 172-173 Adverbs, defined, 113; infinitives
as, 139; and adjectives, 167; as conjunctions, 178
Affirmative side, in debate, 337, 351, 352
"A-Hunting of the Deer," C. D. Warner, 312 Ain't, 66, 362
ALDRICH, T. B., 277-279, 295 "Alhambra, The," Irving, 268 Almost vs. most, 234, 363 Also, 210, 211
Ambiguity, in use of pronouns, 129– 130; in position of phrases and clauses, 210; in questions for de- bate, 337, 338
"American Notes," Kipling, 256 Analysis, 179-184
"Ancient Mariner, The," Coleridge,
And, comma before, 58; as a con- nective, 170, 171, 185
And which, 170, 362 Antecedent, 125, 210 Antithesis, 219 Antonyms, 236-237 Anybody else's, 122
Apostrophe, mark of punctuation, 65-66, 121, 123
Apostrophe, figure of speech, 252 Appositive, 119, 120, 138 Argument, 331-353; relation to ex- position, 331; editorial, 331-332; development of, 333; argumenta- tive letter, 333-335; debates, 336- 353; terms of debate, 336; fram- ing the proposition, 337; finding debate material, 339; the brief, 340-342; the speaking, 342-344; subjects for debate, 344; exercises on debate, 346–349; management of a debate, 350-353
Balanced sentences, 216, 219 BARRIE, J. M., 266
BATES, ARLO, 305
Be, conjugation of, 155-157
Beowulf," 257
Beside, 362
Bible, the, 242
"Bird Study, Timely Suggestions on," 192
Book reviews, 319, 320-322 BOTSFORD, G. W. History of Greece," 298 Brackets, 65, 67
Brief, the, 340-342; refutation, 340; assertion and proof, 341; speci- men, 341-342
BROOKS, PHILLIPS, letter of, 104 BROWNING, Robert, 5, 276
BUNYAN, JOHN, 242, 243, 245, 255 Burden of proof, in debate, 337, 338, 352
BURROUGHS, JOHN, 43, 290, 301, 314-315
Business letter, salutation, 89, 90; complimentary close, 92; require- ments of, 96-102; specimens of, 97-99; of introduction, 98; of ap- plication, 98, 100, 102; request for information, 97, 101, 102; order- ing goods, 98, 99; subscription, 97; exercises on, 99-102; with a promissory note, 100; with a re- ceipt, IOI
But, 170, 171 But also, 170 But which, 362
"Cæsar," J. A. Froude, 298 Camp-system, in debate, 352 Capitals, 83-85
Case, defined, 118; nominative, 118–
120; objective, 120-121; posses- sive, 121-123; of pronouns, 125, 129-130
Case absolute, 57, 119 Cause and effect, developing the paragraph by, 197-198; develop- ing exposition by, 311, 316; de- veloping argument by, 333 "Causes of Fires, The," editorial, 324
Chance, defined, 240
Character sketches, 319, 325-326 Clauses, defined, 51, 174; depend- ent, 51, 52, 175-178, 210; punc- tuation of, 56, 57, 61, 62, 63; conditional, 151, 152; relation be- tween, 178; position of, 210 Clearness. See Coherence Climax, in the outline, 32; in secur- ing emphasis, 215-216, 283, 309 Coherence, in the outline, 32; in the paragraph, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190; in the sentence, 209- 210; in the longer composition, 261-263; in the short story, 283; in exposition, 308, 317; in argu- ment, 333
COLERIDGE, S. T., 247, 289 Colleagues, in debate, 337
Collective nouns, 116, 117, 153, 154 Colloquial English, 362–364 COLLYER, ROBERT, 242 Colon, 58, 62-64, 90 Comedy, 259
Comma, 55-60, 64, 68, 90 Common errors, 226-234, 362-364 Comparison, a figure of speech, 248 Comparison and contrast, develop- ing the paragraph by, 196; de- veloping exposition by, 311, 315; developing argument by, 333 Complement, subjective, 118, 119; objective, 119, 120
Complex sentence, defined, 51,
202; analysis of, 179; as a means of securing unity, 202-204, 209 Composition, value of, 1-7; oral, defined, I; written, defined, I, 306; individuality in, 2-3; choos- ing subjects for, 8; based on im- agination, 11-12; limited subjects for, 12; time limit in, 13. See Subjects for composition Compound nouns, plural of, 117; possessive of, 121
Compound predicate, 50 (note) Compound sentences, defined, 51, 202; analysis of, 179; lacking unity, 202-203, 209
Compound subject, 50 (note), 153, 154
Conditional clauses, shall and will in, 151; should and would in, 152 Congressional Record, The, 339 Conjugation, defined, 132; of be, 155-157; of give, 157-161; of may and might, 160
Conjunctions, defined, 113; coör- dinate, 170, 178, 210; correlative, 170, 171; subordinate, 171, 172, 178; in the paragraph, 185; in the longer composition, 262 Connectives, in the paragraph, 185-
186; in longer compositions, 262 Contractions, 130, 362
Contrast. See Comparison and contrast Conversation, 279, 283
Coördinate clauses, defined, 51; punctuation of, 57
Coördinate conjunctions, 170, 178,
Copulative verb, 118 (note) CRAWFORD, F. M., 152, 223, 296 Criticism, oral reading a help to, 4; exercises in, 26, 27, 30, 42, 188, 189; pupils', 26, 27-28; key for, 28-29; suggestions for, 29-30. See under Exercises
CUSHING, L. S., "Rules of Proceed- ing," etc., 350 ftn.
Dactyl, 356 Dash, the, 64
"David Copperfield," Dickens, 259 Debate, defined, 336; terms used
in, 336-337; framing the propo- sition, 337-338; work of the affir- mative, 337; work of the negative, 337; finding material, 339; the brief, 340-342; refutation, 340; assertion and proof, 340; speci- men brief, 341-342; speaking, 342-344; subjects for, 344-345; exercises on, 346-349; manage- ment of, 350-353
Declension, defined, 116; of nouns, 116; of pronouns, 124 "Defense of the Kennistons," Web-
Demonstrative adjectives, 167; as connectives, 186, 262 Demonstrative pronouns, 125 Description, 288-304; material for pictures, 288; a limited subject in, 289; point of view in, 292; choice of details and plan, 294; by suggestion, 295; by effect, 296; reproduction of sensations by, 299; directions for writing, 301; and exposition, 305, 325 "Deserted Village, The," Gold- smith, 256
Details, developing the paragraph by, 194; in description, 294; de- veloping exposition by, 311, 312; developing argument by, 333 Diagrams, 16, 17
DICKENS, CHARLES, 9, 10, 259, 316 Dictionary, use of, 23, 80, 239 Different from, 168, 362 Dimeter, 358
Direct address, 57, 119 Direct object, 120, 132, 135, 175 Dow, J. G., 197-198
"Dutch Village, A," Irving, 43
ELIOT, GEORGE, "Silas Marner," 259, 268
Emphasis, in the paragraph, 189- 193; secured through position, 189, 213-216; secured through proportion, 191, 213–216, 309; in the sentence, 213-216; in the longer composition, 264-265; in the short story, 283; in exposition, 309, 317; in argument, 333 "Enoch Arden," Tennyson, 5, 294 Envelope, the, 94 Epic, the, 257
Definition, a form of exposition, Epitome. See Abstract
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