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Than is a conjunction. Say, "He is older than I," not "older than me." In "than whom" than is used like a preposition.

Through. Say, “I have finished eating," rather than "I am through eating."

Very is not to be used unless it makes the meaning more emphatic. It is a good word to strike out in revising manuscript. Say "very much interested," not "very interested."

Ways is not to be used for way. Say, "It is a long way," not "a long ways."

Without is not to be used as a conjunction, meaning unless. Say, "I shall not try for the team unless you think best," not "without you think best."

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INDEX

(Exercises have seldom been included under regular topics but are listed
under Exercises)

Abbot, The," Scott, 9, 259
Abbreviations, in letters, 96
Abstract nouns, 116

Abstract, the, a form of exposition,
319-323

Accent, in spelling, 73, 74; in verse,
355

Active voice, defined, 134; of give,
157, 159, 160; an aid to emphasis,

214

ADDISON, JOSEPH, 262, 263
Address, of the letter, 88, 89
Adjective phrases, 172-173
Adjectives, defined, 113; predicate,

119; infinitives as, 139; demon-
strative, 167; articles, 167; and
adverbs, 167

Adverbial clauses, 175
Adverbial phrases, 172-173
Adverbs, defined, 113; infinitives

as, 139; and adjectives, 167; as
conjunctions, 178

Affirmative side, in debate, 337, 351,
352

"A-Hunting of the Deer," C. D.
Warner, 312
Ain't, 66, 362

ALDRICH, T. B., 277-279, 295
"Alhambra, The," Irving, 268
Almost vs. most, 234, 363
Also, 210, 211

Ambiguity, in use of pronouns, 129–
130; in position of phrases and
clauses, 210; in questions for de-
bate, 337, 338

"American Notes," Kipling, 256
Analysis, 179-184

Anapest, 356

"Ancient Mariner, The," Coleridge,

247, 289

And, comma before, 58; as a con-
nective, 170, 171, 185

And which, 170, 362
Antecedent, 125, 210
Antithesis, 219
Antonyms, 236-237
Anybody else's, 122

Apostrophe, mark of punctuation,
65-66, 121, 123

Apostrophe, figure of speech, 252
Appositive, 119, 120, 138
Argument, 331-353; relation to ex-
position, 331; editorial, 331-332;
development of, 333; argumenta-
tive letter, 333-335; debates, 336-
353; terms of debate, 336; fram-
ing the proposition, 337; finding
debate material, 339; the brief,
340-342; the speaking, 342-344;
subjects for debate, 344; exercises
on debate, 346–349; management
of a debate, 350-353

Articles, 167

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Balanced sentences, 216, 219
BARRIE, J. M., 266

BATES, ARLO, 305

Be, conjugation of, 155-157

66

Beowulf," 257

Beside, 362

Bible, the, 242

"Bird Study, Timely Suggestions
on," 192

Book reviews, 319, 320-322
BOTSFORD, G. W. History of
Greece," 298
Brackets, 65, 67

Brief, the, 340-342; refutation, 340;
assertion and proof, 341; speci-
men, 341-342

BROOKS, PHILLIPS, letter of, 104
BROWNING, Robert, 5, 276

BUNYAN, JOHN, 242, 243, 245, 255
Burden of proof, in debate, 337, 338,
352

BURROUGHS, JOHN, 43, 290, 301,
314-315

Business letter, salutation, 89, 90;
complimentary close, 92; require-
ments of, 96-102; specimens of,
97-99; of introduction, 98; of ap-
plication, 98, 100, 102; request for
information, 97, 101, 102; order-
ing goods, 98, 99; subscription,
97; exercises on, 99-102; with a
promissory note, 100; with a re-
ceipt, IOI

But, 170, 171
But also, 170
But which, 362

"Cæsar," J. A. Froude, 298
Camp-system, in debate, 352
Capitals, 83-85

Case, defined, 118; nominative, 118–

120; objective, 120-121; posses-
sive, 121-123; of pronouns, 125,
129-130

Case absolute, 57, 119
Cause and effect, developing the
paragraph by, 197-198; develop-
ing exposition by, 311, 316; de-
veloping argument by, 333
"Causes of Fires, The," editorial, 324

Chance, defined, 240

Character sketches, 319, 325-326
Clauses, defined, 51, 174; depend-
ent, 51, 52, 175-178, 210; punc-
tuation of, 56, 57, 61, 62, 63;
conditional, 151, 152; relation be-
tween, 178; position of, 210
Clearness. See Coherence
Climax, in the outline, 32; in secur-
ing emphasis, 215-216, 283, 309
Coherence, in the outline, 32; in
the paragraph, 185, 186, 187, 188,
189, 190; in the sentence, 209-
210; in the longer composition,
261-263; in the short story, 283;
in exposition, 308, 317; in argu-
ment, 333

COLERIDGE, S. T., 247, 289
Colleagues, in debate, 337

Collective nouns, 116, 117, 153, 154
Colloquial English, 362–364
COLLYER, ROBERT, 242
Colon, 58, 62-64, 90
Comedy, 259

Comma, 55-60, 64, 68, 90
Common errors, 226-234, 362-364
Comparison, a figure of speech, 248
Comparison and contrast, develop-
ing the paragraph by, 196; de-
veloping exposition by, 311, 315;
developing argument by, 333
Complement, subjective, 118, 119;
objective, 119, 120

Complex sentence, defined, 51,

202; analysis of, 179; as a means
of securing unity, 202-204, 209
Composition, value of, 1-7; oral,
defined, I; written, defined, I,
306; individuality in, 2-3; choos-
ing subjects for, 8; based on im-
agination, 11-12; limited subjects
for, 12; time limit in, 13. See
Subjects for composition
Compound nouns, plural of, 117;
possessive of, 121

Compound predicate, 50 (note)
Compound sentences, defined, 51,
202; analysis of, 179; lacking
unity, 202-203, 209

Compound subject, 50 (note), 153, 154

Conditional clauses, shall and will
in, 151; should and would in, 152
Congressional Record, The, 339
Conjugation, defined, 132; of be,
155-157; of give, 157-161; of
may and might, 160

Conjunctions, defined, 113; coör-
dinate, 170, 178, 210; correlative,
170, 171; subordinate, 171, 172,
178; in the paragraph, 185; in
the longer composition, 262
Connectives, in the paragraph, 185-

186; in longer compositions, 262
Contractions, 130, 362

Contrast. See Comparison and contrast
Conversation, 279, 283

Coördinate clauses, defined, 51;
punctuation of, 57

Coördinate conjunctions, 170, 178,

210

Copulative verb, 118 (note)
CRAWFORD, F. M., 152, 223, 296
Criticism, oral reading a help to, 4;
exercises in, 26, 27, 30, 42, 188,
189; pupils', 26, 27-28; key for,
28-29; suggestions for, 29-30.
See under Exercises

CUSHING, L. S., "Rules of Proceed-
ing," etc., 350 ftn.

Dactyl, 356
Dash, the, 64

"David Copperfield," Dickens, 259
Debate, defined, 336; terms used

in, 336-337; framing the propo-
sition, 337-338; work of the affir-
mative, 337; work of the negative,
337; finding material, 339; the
brief, 340-342; refutation, 340;
assertion and proof, 340; speci-
men brief, 341-342; speaking,
342-344; subjects for, 344-345;
exercises on, 346-349; manage-
ment of, 350-353

Declension, defined, 116; of nouns,
116; of pronouns, 124
"Defense of the Kennistons," Web-

ster, 343

Demonstrative adjectives, 167; as
connectives, 186, 262
Demonstrative pronouns, 125
Description, 288-304; material for
pictures, 288; a limited subject
in, 289; point of view in, 292;
choice of details and plan, 294;
by suggestion, 295; by effect,
296; reproduction of sensations
by, 299; directions for writing,
301; and exposition, 305, 325
"Deserted Village, The," Gold-
smith, 256

Details, developing the paragraph
by, 194; in description, 294; de-
veloping exposition by, 311, 312;
developing argument by, 333
Diagrams, 16, 17

DICKENS, CHARLES, 9, 10, 259, 316
Dictionary, use of, 23, 80, 239
Different from, 168, 362
Dimeter, 358

Direct address, 57, 119
Direct object, 120, 132, 135, 175
Dow, J. G., 197-198

"Dutch Village, A," Irving, 43

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ELIOT, GEORGE, "Silas Marner,"
259, 268

Emphasis, in the paragraph, 189-
193; secured through position,
189, 213-216; secured through
proportion, 191, 213–216, 309; in
the sentence, 213-216; in the
longer composition, 264-265; in
the short story, 283; in exposition,
309, 317; in argument, 333
"Enoch Arden," Tennyson, 5, 294
Envelope, the, 94
Epic, the, 257

Definition, a form of exposition, Epitome. See Abstract

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