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EXERCISES

309. The following sentences are intended to illustrate in simple, progressive fashion the common grammatical constructions that have proved troublesome. Analyze each of them, and be prepared to explain the syntax of any word.

1. I followed them.

2. Every paragraph should be indented.

3. All was bustle and hurry.

4. The seizing of the fine group of islands is a feat worthy of notice.

5. Every face was pale.

6. The vessel was very near now.

7. Neatness should be conspicuous in all our work.

8. Several women on deck heard this remark.

9. The captain's daughter wrote the incident years afterward. 10. The sight of the soldiers, standing with guns pointed at me, sent a shiver through my whole body.

II. Three men emptied a hogshead, pulled it on deck, and beat it loudly.

12. Use a hyphen to mark the division and put it at the end of the line.

13. Early English writers spelled some words in several ways, but in our time it is important never to vary the spelling of a word. 14. Every face was pale with fear; some talked, others wept. 15. If we like, we may try our hand at a little verse.

16. We must not divide a word at the end of a line unless we can divide it by syllables.

17. Most of us will read a letter before we will read a book. 18. One day while I was riding in an electric car, a man got in with a little child.

19. When paragraphs are quoted, the quotation marks are placed at the beginning of each paragraph and at the end of the last one.

20. The woods were largely pine, though yellow birch, beech, and maple were common.

21. He uttered the word “Silence!” so harshly that no one dared do otherwise than obey.

22. Whether a paper be a note to a friend or a petition to the President of the United States, it should be neat and attractive.

23. My cousin sent me a letter from the Philippines, where he is with his company.

24. No words save those of welcome were spoken until I had eaten heartily.

25. The stream in the Doone country looked smaller than it seemed in the book.

26. The title of a book or paper may be quoted or italicized, as the writer prefers.

27. The loud cries of a pair of blue jays resounded from a group of cedar trees a few minutes after the sun rose.

28. Happy is he who can see his defects; happier he who, with stout heart and infinite patience, toils incessantly to overcome them. 29. Our friends prize highly those letters into which we put much of ourselves.

30. A group of sentences which relate to a single division of the subject is called a paragraph.

31. There are scores of words that we see day after day and yet misspell.

32. The criticisms you get from your classmates should be valuable. 33. By careful observation we learn in what way many things are made.

34. Whatever the teacher wishes the heading to include should be separated from what follows by a blank space.

35. What first strikes the eye of the reader will repel or attract. 36. We should remember that we can never tell who may read our letters or how long they may be preserved.

37. They heard that the man who had killed that deer was fined. 38. "The Mother Tongue" suggests that the book would appeal to all who speak the English language.

39. We are pursued by a hostile cruiser, and if you care for your life, you had better go to the cabin.

40. Three paragraphs are indicated, but I see no reason why there should be more than one paragraph.

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310. Analyze the following sentences:

1. The black cow is in the pasture near the road.

2. We will all go with you if you are willing.

3. We know whom you mean.

4. I said, "Dick, you are right."

5. When they learned that it was I, they were very happy.

6. They were surprised when they found it was I.

7. Man can neither drink steam nor eat stone.

311. Analyze the following sentences:

NOTE. If the teacher thinks best, these sentences may be omitted until the second year.

1. Our lesson in arithmetic to-day was a review of decimal fractions.

2. In American history we are studying about the causes of the Civil War.

3. The other day when on my way to school, I saw a peculiar automobile accident.

4. Good manners are a social and a business asset.

5. Once upon a time a wolf met Little Red Riding Hood.

6. Raphael's "Sistine Madonna" is a picture that will repay careful study.

7. The other morning I saw two sparrows attack a small gray bird that looked like a woodpecker.

8. He is one of the boys who have received prizes.

9. Boy after boy said he wished to go.

10. Rip Van Winkle, however, was one of those happy mortals, of foolish, well-oiled dispositions, who take the world easy.

II. Fortunately for the English tourists, the people of Switzerland proved truly hospitable.

12. If there be any difference, the former are rather the more substantial.

13. Were he still a politician, and as brilliant a one as ever, he could no longer maintain anything like the same position in the political world.

14. If he have strength of arm, well and good; it is one species of superiority.

15. Making her way round the foot of the rock, she suddenly found herself close to our tent.

16. Having a taste for sights of this kind, and imagining, likewise, that the illumination of the bonfire might reveal some profundity of moral truth heretofore hidden in mist or darkness, I made it convenient to journey thither and be present.

17. He seems not to believe that "he laughs best who laughs last." 18. It is probable that the burglar entered at the front window, for it was found open and it has no lock.

19. The man complied cheerfully with his employer's request. 20. To make a misstep would be certain death.

21. The difficulty was to get a practical solution of the problem. 22. We heard the bells ringing in the distant steeple.

23. No one had courage to enter.

24. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

25. About, about, in reel and rout

The death fires danced at night.

26. What is an abundance to a frugal person will scarcely seem a plenty to a spendthrift.

27. John Gilpin was a citizen

Of credit and renown.

28. Tell me not in mournful numbers

Life is but an empty dream.

29. The very external aspect of the proud old pile is enough to inspire high thought.

30. It rears its irregular walls and massive towers, like a mural crown, round the brow of a lofty ridge, waves its royal banner in the clouds, and looks down, with a lordly air, upon the surrounding world.

31. It was upon a delicious summer morning, before the sun had assumed its scorching power, and while the dews yet cooled and perfumed the air, that a youth, coming from the northeastward, approached the ford of a small river, or rather a large brook, tributary to the Cher, near to the royal Castle of Plessis-les-Tours, whose dark and multiplied battlements rose in the background over the extensive forest with which they were surrounded.

32. On the bank of the above-mentioned brook, opposite to that which the traveler was approaching, two men, who appeared in deep conversation, seemed from time to time to watch his motions; for as their station was much more elevated, they could remark him at considerable distance.

312. In class, write a simple sentence, consisting of (1) a subject, (2) a predicate, (3) an object.

313. Add to the sentence you have just written, or to one similar in form, (1) an adjective, (2) an adverb.

314. In class, write sentences containing (1) a compound subject, (2) a compound predicate, (3) an adjective modified by an

adverb, (4) a clause used as direct object, (5) a clause used as subject, (6) an adjective clause.

315. Write (1) a compound sentence containing an adjective phrase; (2) one containing an adverbial phrase; (3) one containing an infinitive phrase used as a noun.

316. If possible, make the three sentences you have just written complex, and note the difference in effect. (See sect. 115.)

317. Write (1) a complex sentence containing an adverbial clause denoting time; (2) one containing a clause of purpose; (3) one containing a clause of degree; (4) one containing a clause denoting condition; (5) one containing a clause of result.

318. If possible, make the five sentences you have just written compound. In how many cases is the change desirable? 319. Write complex sentences containing (1) a clause used. as subjective complement, (2) a clause of concession, (3) a clause denoting manner, (4) a clause denoting place, (5) a clause denoting cause.

320. If possible, make the five sentences you have just written compound. In how many instances is the change an improvement?

321. Write complex sentences containing (1) a phrase denoting place; (2) a clause denoting place; (3) a phrase denoting time; (4) a clause denoting time; (5) an adjective clause and an adjective phrase; (6) a noun phrase and a noun clause.

322. If possible, make the six sentences you have just written compound. Is there a gain in any instance?

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