Speech, formation of sounds, 427.

Spermatophytes, defined, 151.
Sperm cell, in flower, 32;

of fern, 155;

of hydra, 197;

of moss, 158;

rôle in fertilization of egg, 33.

Spider, care of eggs and young, 258;
structure of, 256.

Spider crab, 224.

Spider's web, forms of, 256, 257;

use of, 256.

Spike, 48.

Spines, in seed dispersal, 58.

Spiracle, 229.

Spore, defined, 152;
in fern, 153;

in mold, 152, 160;

in moss, 157.

Spore formation in yeast, 167.
Spore print, 162.
Sporidia, 165.

Sporophyte, of fern, 155;

of moss, 157.

Sprains, 379.

Squid, 267.

Stamen, 31, 38;

diadelphous, 36.

Staminate flower, of corn, 71;

of squash, 45.

Standard, 36.

Starch, non-osmosis of, 112.

Starch grains, 67.

Starch test, 21.

Starfish, development of, 206;

food of, 205;

method of locomotion, 204;
nervous system, 204;
organs of breathing, 205;
regeneration in, 206;
skeleton of, 203.

Stem, compared with root, 98;
dicotyledonous, 105, 108;
digestion in, 112;

effect of gravity on, 85;
effect of light on, 98;
form of food in, 112;
heliotropism of, 99;
monocotyledonous, 106, 108;
passage of fluid in, 110, 111;
position of buds on, 102.

Spirogyra, formation of zygospore, Stigma, 31, 33, 38;

176;

structure of, 175.

Sponge, glassy, 193;

development of, 192;

horny fiber, 193;

limy, 191;

relation to environment, 193;
simple, 191.

Sponges, classification of, 193.
Sporangium, in fern, 153;

in mold, 160;

in moss, 157.

of wind-pollinated flower, 44.
Stimulant, defined, 325.

Stimuli, response to, in paramœcium,

180.

Stipe, 162.

Stipule, 123, 124.

Stoma, 129, 136; in transpiration, 136.
Stomach, glands of, 336;

movement of walls of, 337;
of frog, 336;

of man, 336.

Storage in stems, 118.

Sweat glands, structure of, 395, 396; Tuber, 118, 119.

Tobacco, effect of, on circulation, Veins, valves in, 356;

Vertebra, structure of, in man, 372, Wood, economic value of, 117;

CHEMISTRIES

By F. W. CLARKE, Chief Chemist of the United States Geological Survey, and L. M. DENNIS, Professor of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Cornell University

HESE two books are designed to form a course in

Tchemistry which is sufficient for the needs of secondary

schools. The TEXT-BOOK is divided into two parts, devoted respectively to inorganic and organic chemistry. Diagrams and figures are scattered at intervals throughout the text in illustration and explanation of some particular experiment or principle. The appendix contains tables of metric measures with English equivalents.

Theory and practice, thought and application, are logically kept together, and each generalization is made to follow the evidence upon which it rests. The application of the science to human affairs, its utility in modern life, is also given its proper place. A reasonable number of experiments are included for the use of teachers by whom an organized laboratory is unobtainable. Nearly all of these experiments are of the simplest character, and can be performed with home-made apparatus.

The LABORATORY MANUAL contains 127 experi ments, among which are a few of a quantitative character. Full consideration has been given to the entrance requirements of the various colleges. The left hand pages contain the experiments, while the right hand pages are left blank, to include the notes taken by the student in his work. In order to aid and stimulate the development of the pupil's powers of observation, questions have been introduced under each experiment. The directions for making and handling the apparatus, and for performing the experiments, are simple and clear, and are illustrated by diagrams accurately drawn to scale.

(162)

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

(88)

COMPOSITION-RHETORIC

$1.00

By STRATTON D. BROOKS, Superintendent of Schools, Boston, Mass., and MARIETTA HUBBARD, formerly English Department, High School, La Salle, Ill.

T

HE fundamental aim of this volume is to enable pupils to express their thoughts freely, clearly, and forcibly. At the same time it is designed to cultivate literary appreciation, and to develop some knowledge of rhetorical theory. The work follows closely the requirements of the College Entrance Examination Board, and of the New York State Education Department.

¶ In Part One are given the elements of description, narration, exposition, and argument; also special chapters on letterwriting and poetry. A more complete and comprehensive treatment of the four forms of discourse already discussed is furnished in Part Two. In each part is presented a series of themes covering these subjects, the purpose being to give the pupil inspiration, and that confidence in himself which comes from the frequent repetition of an act. A single new principle is introduced into each theme, and this is developed in the text, and illustrated by carefully selected examples. These principles are referred to again and again as the subject grows.

The pupils are taught how to correct their own errors, and also how to get the main thought in preparing their lessons. Careful coördination with the study of literature and with other school studies is made throughout the book.

The modern character of the illustrative extracts can not fail to interest every boy and girl. Concise summaries are given following the treatment of the various forms of discourse, and toward the end of the book there is a very comprehensive and compact summary of grammatical principles. More than usual attention is devoted to the treatment of argument. The appendix contains the elements of form, the figures of speech, etc.

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY