of the Vladivostok Soviet, Sukhanoff, was almost savage, and it was he who was in a way responsible for the cowardly murder of Sukhanoff, who was shot by the guards in the streets of Vladivostok "while trying to escape." There must be something, after all, in what is known as Fate.

The Kolchak defenders of democracy made a little blunder in the arrests of March 2nd. They had an order to arrest Bogdanoff and they did arrest a man by that name. But the man arrested turned out to be an employee of the City Hall, a rather retiring little man, never active in politics, while the order called for the arrest of "the well-known Russian novelist A. Bogdanoff," according to the "Echo," "who came only recently, from the Center of Russia. A Bogdanoff has made himself popular with the workers and has continued in Vladivostok his ancient battle against Bolshevism, begun at Petrograd." The mistake was corrected on the next day, and the plain "Bogdanoff" was discharged from prison, and the well known novelist and fighter of Bolshevism, A. Bogdanoff, locked up instead.

The arrests of March 26th took place in the People's House of Vladivostok, at the time when the Central Bureau of the Trade Unions was holding its regular meeting. The building was surrounded, and all the labor delegates were taken, under heavy guard, to the "counter-razviedka" where they were registered. Then eleven of them, all popular leaders of various labor organizations, were detained and put into the Vladivostok regional prison, "listed to the account of Captain Zhavrida, head of the office of military control of the Vladivostok fortress," which means in plain language that no formal charge was to be made against the men, and that no account of the disposition of their cases, or, for that matter, of the men themselves, was to be given. Nothing, indeed, is known of what became of the men, and perhaps they, too, were shot "while trying to escape." The names of the eleven labor leaders, "listed to the account of Zhavrida," are: Bodarin, Denisenko, Yanshin, Trifanev, Kasenov, Zapurin, Milkov, Naumov, Tretyakov, Vonisk and Angorski.

The second arrest, that of the labor leaders, made on March 26th, passed almost unnoticed, save for short news items in the press, in accordance with a special law promulgated for the purpose, mention of which will be made later. The series of arrests and atrocities during the month of March awed the population into such submission and docility, that the only thing the workers dared to do was to announce the fact to all the workers' organizations in Siberia, in a communication of a "strictly informing character," as related by the press. The first wholesale arrest, that of the political leaders, on March 2nd, resulted in a number of protest meetings, and in an interpellation in the Vladivostok Duma. All the protest meetings were naturally dispersed, while the meeting of the Vladivostok Duma ended in a great "democratic" victory for Kolchak. By an overwhelming majority (since only a few of the Socialists and Cadet Duma members were left at large), the

first question on the order of the day,-an interpellation on the arrests, was striken off, the Chairman explaining that the question of the arrests was a purely political one, and that the Vladivostok Duma was not a political body. Besides, he said, there were fourteen other points to be discussed, and the City Duma could not trifle away its valuable time in such frivolous affairs. At that meeting of the Vladivostok Duma the great majority of the citizens, eager to learn how the "democratic self-government" would cope with the problem, arranged a general meeting, and they did indeed get a thorough lesson in real democracy.

One finds very little information concerning the arrests in the Siberian press, after March 15th, except a laconic remark, becoming almost universal in the press of that country namely, the words: "in connection with late events," and the following order of General Ivanof-Rinoff, published March 14th, will explain the reason why:

"In the periodical press there have recently begun to appear articles and notices dealing with arrests of various persons, whose execution was either carried out or contemplated. Moreover, these articles and notices are frequently supplied by the writers with reasons of their own as to these arrests, in the majority of cases unfounded on any facts and improbable, as well as to contemplated measures to assure order in the city.

"Since such announcements, unfounded and not coming from official sources, may only disturb public opinion, and evoke untruthful interpretations of the activities of the government organs, I herewith forbid the carrying, in all the periodical publications, of any information not coming from official sources:

"1. On arrests, executed or contemplated, and "2. On measures undertaken by the authorities for the purpose of preserving order in the region.

"Those guilty of not complying with this order will be punished by imprisonment for not more than three months and by a fine of not more than 3,000 rubles.

"Foundation: article 9, paragraphs a and b, of the law of July 15, 1918, and the order of the Supreme Representative (Vierkhovni Upolnomotcheni) of the Supreme Ruler for the Far East, of January 30, 1919.

"Commander of the troops of the Priamur Military district.

"Major General Ivanov-Rinov."

As to the part of the Allied representatives and forces have taken in the arrests of March 2nd, the following is here quoted from the "Echo" of March 4th.

"Evidently the authorities have anticipated disturbances as a result of these arrests, which can be plainly comprehended from the following facts:

"1. Saturday, March 1st, at 8 P. M. a platoon of mid-shipmen, fully armed and equipped, passed hurriedly along Svietlyanskaya Street in the direction of the railroad station; in another fifteen minutes another platoon, likewise fully armed and equipped, passed in the same direction at a running pace.

"2. On the same night, 50 Canadian soldiers were ambushed at Markilovski alley where they have remained over Sunday.

"3. On the same night and on the whole day Sunday on Luzovaya Street, near Semonoff market, and the section populated mostly by workingmen, big detachments of Canadian troops were stationed. The soldiers were sitting or else lying on the sidewalks and in the gutters in large groups, all heavily armed.

"A conference of the Allied representatives, in connection with these events, took place last night. All the endeavors of the editors of the "Echo" to get an official statement, or an official explanation, have resulted in nothing.

"Tonight, on Lugovaya Street, Canadian troops were patrolling, although in smaller numbers than in the preceding days. At and in the railway station mixed patrols of Russian officers, Japanese, Czech and Canadian troops, were doing duty."

Which reminds one of the speeches delivered by a representative of the English Government in the House of Commons a few months ago. In that speech of his, the English Government representative tried to explain away the continuance of intervention in Russia by the fact that it would be an ungentlemanly act for the Allies to abandon their former Russian friends and supporters to the viciousness of the murderous Bolsheviki. Every one of the arrested political leaders of Vladivostok was as zealous and enthusiastic a pro-Ally as could be found, and it was because of these people that the Allies were able to get a certain element of the Russians in the Soviets in favor of the All-Russian Government, to be swallowed up in turn by that great "savior" Kolchak. Abandoning them to the MongolBuryat-Japanese democrats is, to our mind, surely more ungentlemanly than abandoning them to the Bolsheviki. They would certainly have two thousand chances to one to live and be free, even if we were to believe all the tales of Bolshevist atrocities coming from all the counter-revolutionary sources and their agencies here.

One more thing should be mentioned here in connection with this sickening affair. All these arrests were executed on the order of Major General Ivanov-Rinov, a man whose monarchistic tendencies and convictions are not even camouflaged by any feeble socialistic utterings, as is the case with the Tchaykovskis, Vologodskis, Bourtzevs, and their like. It appears that this General himself got the orders to which he signed his name, from some "higher-ups" and that he finally became tired of being used as a tool for these purposes. In April, this general published an order forbidding what he called arbitrary arrests, and ordering at the same time the arrest of a number of speculators, whom he considered more responsible for the prevailing restlessness among the masses than the pre-Allied antiBolsheviki Socialists.

The results of this "revolutionary" action of a left-over general of Czar Nicholas are told in the following Associated Press dispatch, that appeared in the American dailies.

Omsk, May 14 (Delayed)-Following the recall of General Ivanoff-Rinoff, commander of the troops of the All-Russian Government in Eastern Siberia, General Horvath was given full command of the forces there, in addition to holding the position of civil governor. This step was taken so that the Government might have a secure grasp on affairs in the East.

General Ivanoff-Rinoff is charged with having interfered with business and having checked the activity of the Cossack hetmans in establishing military control.

It was learned from a high Government source that the selection of General Horvath for the command in the East was decided upon in the interest of better relations with the United States.

It was learned from the same source that General Semenoff has been tendered a definite commission in the Siberian army under the AllRussian Government.

Which recalls to one's mind the published quotations, from the anti-Bolshevik "Narodnaya Gazeta" in No. 7 of "Soviet Russia," of an identical order given out by Gaida, who had to leave a Captaincy with the Czecho-Slovaks to take up a Generalcy with Kolchak. Gaida, too, evidently got tired of the arbitrary arrests, punishments, floggings, shootings, etc., and came out with a warning. We may, indeed, expect a "delayed" Associated Press dispatch some of these days, telling us about the recall of "General" Gaida and of his replacement by "General" Semionoff "in the interest of better relations with the United States."

I.

Translation of radiogram sent by the People's Commissary for Foreign Affairs on May 9, 1919.

TO THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, HELSINGFORS

The Commissariat of Foreign Affairs has received numerous reports of unheard atrocities committed by the Russian and Finnish White Guard bands which have invaded the territory of Russia from Finland and which, according to reliable information, include also detachments of Finnish regular troops. The official authorities of Olonetzk county report that during the temporary occupation of the city of Olonetz by the above mentioned bands, residents were executed on the slightest suspicion, on the basis of the most absurd information, and no mercy was given to either old men or children. In the Olonetz hospital were executed 27 soldiers of the Red Army and sick non-combatant peasants, those of them who were weak, were carried on stretchers to the place of execution. On Easter, during a sudden attack on the border volosts, about 200 people were shot. Among the killed there are whole families, including the women and the children. To the crime of invading foreign territory was added the even more abhorrent crime,-the murder of absolutely innocent peaceful citizens. Not satisfied with the brutal punishments inflicted on the workers of their own country, the bourgeois Finnish Government is thus trying to extend its brutalities to the workers and peasants of a neighboring people, whose government has repeatedly declared its peaceful intentions toward the people of Finland and its unalterable desire to maintain an unbroken friendship with them.

Protesting most emphatically against the crossing of the Russian frontier by the regular Finnish troops and by the White Guard bands, acting with the consent of the Finnish Government, the Soviet Government demands an immediate cessation of these actions, which, we are sure, will be regarded by the Finnish workers and peasants with less indignation than that of the Russian people and of the toiling masses of the whole world.

PEOPLE'S COMMISSARY FOR FOREIGN
AFFAIRS, CHICHERIN.

II.

The counter-revolutionary government of Finland, which is actually waging war on Soviet Russia, adds insult to injury by accusing the Russian Soviet power of having undertaken hostile operations, while as a matter of fact, that state is limiting its

activities to a simple defence of the republic against the attacks of Finland. The former foreign minister, Ehrnroth, is absolutely untiring in his repeated mendacious accusations and unfounded "protests." The People's Commissaire for Foreign Affairs, Chicherin, in connection with a note of this type, dated May 19th, sent on May 20th the following radiotelegram, which casts the proper illumination on the White Finland's bandit policy toward Soviet Russia:

"Helsingfors, Foreign Ministry.

"The Soviet Government lodges the most emphatic protest against the action of Finnish troops, who, absolutely without cause, have invaded and continued making attacks within the territory of the Soviet Republic, and who answer objections against this procedure by defending their attack with mendacious accusations.

"The Finnish Government's attempt to accuse wrongfully the Russian Soviet Government of hostile intentions, or of activities of aggressive nature, in order to support their baseless claims, can only be considered as a calumny, the object of which is to defend the attack on the Soviet Republic.

"The Finnish Government cannot be in any state of uncertainty as to the fact that the Russian Soviet Government has constantly refrained from any aggressive measures toward Finland, and that this Government is even now limiting itself to the most necessary acts of self-defence.

"Already on May 17th, the Finnish Puumala batteries, absolutely without provocation, began to bombard Russian territory lying on the other side of the Finnish Gulf, attempting to concentrate their fire on the Russian forts at Krasnaya Gorka. On May 18th, the batteries of Ino and Puumala, again without any rhyme or reason, began to bombard our vessels. Attempts have simultaneously been made during the recent period to land troops on the Russian side. Finnish troops took part in these attempts at landing. When the Russian batteries at Krasnaya Gorka opened fire in order to silence the Finnish batteries, which were bombarding the former as well as our vessels, this action was simply a necessary act of self-defence. Similarly, the Russian vessels, which, acting in accordance with their indubitable right, set forth from the roadstead of Kronstadt, were simply acting under the obligation of defending the Russian coast from attacks. On the other hand, the invasion of the Olenetsk Government, in which regular Finnish troops took part, was followed in the last few days by a landing on the Eastern shore of Ladoga, and the participation of Finnish volunteers was explained in the answer of the Finnish Government to the Diet as having occurred with the approval of the Government.

"The Russian Soviet Government knows too well that the present Finnish Government's hostile attitude toward the Soviet Republic is simply a weapon in the hands of the Entente powers and that these powers are attempting to exploit Finland in an attack on Soviet Russia.

"The above claims, the mendacity of which is of course clear to the Finnish Government, are doubtless a link in the plan of attack that has been prepared by the Entente powers. But these statements will not have the desired result, since the Russian Soviet Government is taking all possible methods to defend the republic, simultaneously continuing its policy of avoiding all aggressive measures with regard to Finland.

"Once more repeating its energetic protest, the Soviet Government expresses its conviction that the workers of Finland will not long continue to permit themselves to be exploited as a blind tool of the imperialistic policies of the Entente, but will put a definite end to the warlike measures of the present Finnish Government.

"(Signed) People's Commissaire for
Foreign Affairs,
"CHICHERIN."

III.

Translation of radiogram of People's Commissary for Foreign Affairs sent on May, 9, 1919.

To the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Helsingfors

Russian war-prisoners who had at one time escaped from Germany to Denmark and were interned there, and who, having been later sent home from there through Finland, arrived at Petrograd, report that on their arrival at Helsingfors they were imprisoned in the fortress, where they were not even allowed to leave their cells for a fresh-air walk, and their daily food consisted of about 250 grams of poor biscuits and unusually bad cabbage. At the same time an attempt was made to convince the war-prisoners that the Finnish authorities were willing to send them home, but were prevented from doing this by the alleged refusal of the Soviet Government to accept them. According to the information brought by the returned war-prisoners, about

390 war-prisoners are still held at the Sveaborg fortress. Calling the attention of the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs to this information, the Russian Soviet Government declares, in the first place, its emphatic protest against the violence which the Finnish Government has infliced upon innocent Russian war-prisoners passing on their way through Finland, and against their brutal treatment. There can be no justification for this violence and brutality. The war-prisoners, victims of the world war, worn out by prolonged captivity and by years of torture and returning home on the basis of an agreement between Denmark and Russia, could not be the object of any suspicion for Finland.

The Danish Government and the Danish Red Cross came to an agreement with the Russian Soviet Government with regard to the return of these warprisoners, and if the Finnish Government did not want to allow them a free passage, it should have declared so beforehand, but it had opened to them the doors of Finland and drew them into a trap in order later to jail them and torture them. The method of getting our citizens into a trap which had already been applied to our couriers, must be recognized as dishonorable, and we formally demand that an end be put to this practice. The Soviet Government considers it necessary to state that all the calumnies, of the imperialists against this government, that are disseminated among the war-prisoners, will fail of their purpose. The Russian war-prisoners returning to their country will, on getting acquainted with the activity of the Soviet Government and with its treatment of them, renounce with indignation the calumny that the Russian Workers' and Peasants' rule could be an obstacle to the return from captivity of their fellow citizens, of whom the vast majority are workers and peasants.

Protesting against the violence which the Finnish Government is inflicting on the Russian warprisoners returning through Finland, the Russian Socialist Soviet Government demands the immediate unconditional release of the 380 men who are still held in the Sveaborg fortress and that they be allowed, unconditionally, to return to their country.

PEOPLE'S COMMISSARY FOR FOREIGN
AFFAIRS, CHICHERIN.

KOLCHAK'S TERROR IN UFA (The Russian Telegraph Agency)

In all those places in which Kolchak restores order, he executes all Communists and all those who are merely suspected of having any sympathy with them. His "White" mock courts are being overworked with tremendous energy whenever there is any opportunity to pronounce death sentences in the

putting down of Bolshevik uprisings in Siberia. But all their efforts seem insufficient in the eyes of the noble restorer of Czarism in Russia. Kolchak succeeded in taking Ufa, but he did not hold it long, as it was almost immediately retaken by Soviet troops. At Ufa, the blood-thirsty White Guardists went perhaps even further than in any other place. In a "subterranean" workers' proclamation, which is reported by the Moscow "Izvestya," we read among other things:

"Kolchak was daily expected. Now he has come with decorations and epaulettes (all orders and officers' epaulettes have been abolished in Soviet Russia), as well as the knout. How many people were shot yesterday in the abattoir? And how many were cut down by the officers with their swords at five o'clock this morning? See for yourself by inspecting the bloody mounds lying back of the market place. Look carefully; are there only Bolsheviks on these heaps? Are there not many plain citizens there, simple and illiterate workers, and innocent city dwellers?"

But worse still, and more cruel is the following news item: "Yesterday, Second-Lieutenant Gankevitch shot down, in Morozov's house, two school girls for the simple reason that they were employed as copyists in the trade-union building."

The officers drink champagne, and while in a drunken condition beat up the mobilized soldiers. Thus, for example, ensigns beat up the men mobilized in the Sixth Company. The proclamation closes with the following words: "This is enough! Down with the Czarist hangman, Kolchak! Long Live the United World Soviet Republic!"

This is the kind of "liberty" that Kolchak would have introduced all over Russia, if he had succeeded in carrying off the victory over the Bolsheviks. The "democratic" Entente powers supported him; his "ambassadors" now "represent" Russia in so-called "civilized countries," even in the Scandinavian countries.

tion: "On May 10th, 1919, the following were shot from the number of hostages held in the provincial prison: Peterson, Olgerd; Menchuk (Rokombol); Kenshin, Ivan; Weiman, Theodore; Jaffe, Simeon; Bograd, Jacob; Schultz, Ernest; Perenson, Adolf; and Stanislaw, Jan,-in retaliation for the following fact reported by the Czech command: On the third of May, Corporal Vondrasek of the 8th company of the 10th Czecho-Slovak regiment was brutally killed and mutilated near the Kozogor Bridge after heroic defense. The Czechs are our brothers in arms; such brutality towards a wounded hero is not permissible. They were shot not for his death, but for the brutality and suffering, which he underwent."

SOVIET AGITATION IN SIBERIA Moscow, June 16th.-(Russian Telegraph Agency) The counter-revolutionary paper "Zarya," which appears at Omsk, reports that a very intensive Bolshevist agitation is going on in Tomsk. The railway workers' journal is openly agitating in a Bolshevist direction and the White Guardist gendarmes attempted repeatedly to confiscate the paper, whereupon the workers threatened to strike. Lenin's pamphlets are being secretly circulated in the city. In the city of Barnaul, the military authorities have undertaken searches of houses in various union buildings and other workers' organizations. A number of persons have been arrested as suspected of Bolshevism.

UPRISING IN YENISSEISK

Moscow, June 16th, (Russian Telegraph Agency.) It is reported from Samara that the Soviet troops, after having taken the City of Yenisseisk and transformed it into an impregnable fortress, surrounded it with a great series of redoubts made of bricks. The White troops were forced to surround the city from four sides. Even when his troops had on in the streets of the city.

According to communications to the periodical "Zarya," the uprising of the Bolsheviki in Yenisseisk was put down, and the Soviet power overthrown. The usual mock courts were then installed, which displayed merciless brutality and pronounced great numbers of death sentences.

THE WHITE TERROR IN THE DON REGION (The Russian Telegraph Agency)

The Moscow newspaper "Pravda," reports that in the cities of Novo-Cherkask and Rostov, the White Terror increased during the early part of May, as the Red Army was approaching the city. During the nights, drunken officers, together with women nurses, penetrated into the jails, from which they dragged out imprisoned Communists, who were immediately shot. In these cities they introduced a twelve-hour working day, and lowered the daily wage by six rubles. In the rear of the Cossack front there were frequent explosions of trains loaded with ammunition.

EXECUTION OF HOSTAGES

It is useful always to be able to communicate statements from the very mouths of tyrants, describing their activities. We are this week enabled to print an official communication, reported in "Nashe Dyelo," of Irkutsk, Siberia, in the May 22nd issue of that paper. Those who support the Kolchak reaction will be interested in the admissions of cruelty made by Kolchak's own officers.

By order of the Chief of the Krasnoyarsk garrison, "Free Siberia" publishes the following communica

THE SMALL SHOP IN SOVIET RUSSIA

The official daily paper of the Supreme Council of National Economy, "Economitcheskaya Zhizn," in its issue of February 19, 1919, discusses editorially the possibilities of small shops of artisans, known in Russia under the name of "kustari."

The writer calls attention to the fact that according to statistical investigations the number of artisans engaged in various manufacturing industries has been estimated at from ten to twelve