Abtheilung 2, Capitel 3, "Die Logik der Geschichtswissenschaften." CHAPTER XXII. THE CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS. The natural environment as a factor in human history is accepted with various degrees of emphasis by the writers here selected. ELLEN C. SEMPLE, Influences of Geographic Environment, on the basis of Ratzel's System of AnthropoGeography, 1911. Valuable both as a medium of German science and for the writer's own interpretations. Application of these principles to this continent is to be found in an earlier work by this author; E. C. SEMPLE, American History and its Geographic Conditions, 1903. An excellent brief treatment of the general subject is the work of H. B. GEORGE, The Relations of Geography and History, 1901. See also, N. S. SHALER, Nature and Man in America. For early conceptions see JEAN BODIN, Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem, 1566, with comments of R. FLINT, Philosophy of History in France, p. 193; J. STRADA, La Loi de l'Histoire; constitution scientifique de l'histoire, 1894. P. LACOMBE, De l'Histoire considérée comme science, 1894. Reviewed from opposing point of view by R. WORMS, L'Organisation Scientifique de l'Histoire, Revue Internationale de Sociologie, 1894. History from the economic point of view is exemplified in J. E. T. ROGERS, History of Agriculture and Prices in England, 1259-1793, 6 vols., 1866-87. From this the author drew forth his Six Centuries of Work and Wages, 2 vols., 1884-90, and later described his methods in The Economic Interpretation of History. S. N. PATTEN, The Development of English Thought, a study on the economic interpretation of history, 1899. Numerous theories which are not generally accepted. The effect of natural environment upon particular peoples is to be seen in the opening chapters of CURTIUS, History of Greece; L. DRAPEYRON, Traduction Topographique de l'Histoire; Jeanne d'Arc: application de la géographie à l'étude de l'histoire, both articles in Revue de Géographie, 1891. CH. GARNIER and A. AMMAN, L'Habitation Humaine dans ses rapports avec la géographie physique, l'état politique et les usages locaux, 1892. Contributes also to the study of architecture as a psychological problem as in the chapter on Relics, above. CHAPTER XXIII. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN HISTORY. The inquirer must thread his way among writers upon philosophy, psychology, sociology, and social psychology. The latter branch of learning is still in the early stages of its evolution. The topics mentioned in this chapter are treated in the books which follow: G. TARDE, The Laws of Imitation, Translated from 2nd French Edition (Holt), 1903. J. M. BALDWIN, Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental Development, 1897. E. A. Ross, Social Psychology, 1908. L. F. WARD, The Psychic Factors of Civilization, 2nd ed., 1906. G. LEBON, Psychologie des Foules, 12th ed., 1907. F. H. GIDDINGS, Principles of Sociology, 1899. F. H. GIDDINGS, Democracy and Empire, 1900. CHAPTERS XXIV-XXV. PRESENTATION AND LITERARY STYLE. It is not necessary to refer here to the standard works on English literary composition. The style of the various historians is usually discussed also by their more weighty reviewers and essayists. M. CREIGHTON, Picturesqueness in History, Cornhill Magazine, 1897, pp. 305-20. W. STERLING-MAXWELL, Historical Style, in his Miscellaneous Essays and Addresses. H. TAINE, Essais de Critique et de l'Histoire. F. BRUNETIÈRE, Histoire et Littérature, 3 vols., 1892–98. ST. BEUVE, Causeries de Lundi. (Consult Index Volume.) Suggestive also is G. FREYTAG, Technic of the Drama, Trans. E. J. MacEwan, 1895; A. HENNEQUIN, The Art of Playwriting, 1890. E. HENNEQUIN, La Critique Scientifique, 1888. Contains an analysis of Victor Hugo which is a valuable model of inquiry for a literary investigation. Advertisements, 224 St. Albans chroniclers, 105 112; not a law creator, 285 Ambrose of Evreux, 106 public buildings, 245; Argumentum ex silentio, 254 Assur-nasir-pal, king of Atherton, Gertrude, 317 Author, position in life, 123 130 Autobiographic form of fic- Axioms in historical evidence, Babylonian relics, 15 Bacon, Francis, definition of Bancroft, George, style of, 310 Bayeux Tapestry, 156 Black Death, effect, 175 Boston Gazette and Country British Guiana, boundary case, 165 Bryce, J., on analogies, 258 Buckle, T., theory of history, 9; theory of tradition, 145; Bull, origin of term, 86 Burns, Robert, forged letters Cahiers de doléances, 181 Cartography, see Maps Christian era, adoption of, 72 71; Christian era, 72; indic- Churchwardens' accounts, 196 240; natural positions, 268 materials, 13-18 Colonies, social phenomena of, Combination in history, 262 Concentration of data, 289; "Conqueror, The," 317 Constantine, Donation of, 31,32 138; social power of, 280 evidence, 249 Crime and civilization, 175 |