Indentured named Toby, about 14 years of age, and had a scar N.B.-All masters of vessels are forewarned not to take him off at their peril.1 EIGHT DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away, on the 27th of last September, from the subscriber, living in Baltimore County, near Benjamin Rogers, Esqr's mill, a Dutch convict servant woman named Rosannah Unrick, about 30 years of age, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high; had on, and took with her, an old felt hat, a blue flowered Barcelona handkerchief, two check linen ditto, one check apron, one old speckled flannel bed gown, and linen for another, cut out, but not made up, and a linsey petticoat which were all too short for her, one old quilt, which had been turned and lengthened, two pairs of mens stockings, one pair of womens' shoes, which are too short for her, one pair of old mens' shoes, and likewise 10 yards of home-made linen. She is a leather-dresser by trade. Whoever takes up said woman, secures her, so that her master gets her again, shali have the above reward, and reasonable charges paid, if brought home, including what the law allows, paid by DANIEL REES. and N.B. She has a scald head, has her hair cut off, and was under cure for the venereal disorder when she went away.' 1 The Maryland Journal, etc., Dec. 18 to Dec. 30, 1773. BALTIMORE COUNTY, DEC. 10, 1773. EIGHT DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away from the subscriber living near Deer- Indentured Creek, near Mr. Samuel Ashmead's mill, a convict Servants. servant man named RALPH HATELEY, about 25 years of age, 5 feet 3 or 4 inches high, has short brown hair, and a bold daring look. Had on an old blue broadcloth coat, something too long for him, serge jacket, tow trousers, old shoes and stockings, very much addicted to drinking and gaming, and it is supposed he has forged a pass. Whoever secures said servant in any of his Majesty's gaols, or brings him to me the subscriber, shall have the above reward, and reasonable charges, if brought home, paid by DANIEL PRESTON.1 TEN POUNDS REWARD. RAN away, this morning, from the subscriber, living in Tawny-Town, Frederick County, Maryland, an Irish servant man named Hugh M'Kain, by trade a taylor, about five feet four inches high, small and slender, his forehead almost bald, black hair, a pale visage, a great snuffer, much given to liquor, has a mark or scar under his left nostril; had on, and took with him, a half-worn beaver hat, a light coloured half-worn Wilton coat, the hind part and the left fore part of a new green duroy jacket, a white linen and a check shirt, a brown pair of half worn cloth breeches, a green pair, a ribb'd pair, and a plain pair of grey stockings, and old shoes, with buckles. He is known all over Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the Jerseys. Whoever takes up said servant, and secures him in any of his Majesty's gaols, so that his master may get him again, or bring him home, shall have the above reward, and reasonable charges, paid by me." Nov. 1, 1773. CONRAD BONER. 1 The Maryland Journal, etc., Dec. 18 to Dec. 30, 1773. 2 The Maryland Journal, etc., Dec. 18-Dec. 30, 1773. The variety of historical material to be found in newspapers is by no means exhausted by these citations. The selections have been given in order to suggest more clearly that the journal must be analyzed and the materials subjected to criticism and valuation according to the classes to which they belong. In fact, the greater part of the contents of the newspaper is to be regarded in the light of relics of the period, from which the evidence is inferential rather than direct. CHAPTER XX RELICS In the English language the word “relic" attaches Definition. itself with particular affinity to material objects. Arrowheads, bronze chisels, iron daggers, terra-cotta vases, and everything else that man has fashioned for use or ornament seem naturally to be relics of the period of their origin. Letters, poems, minutes, deeds, account-books and the like require a second thought to take them out of their special class and consider them abstractly as relics. For that reason it might have been better to comment upon implements first in order, and then to emphasize the significance of the mute materials before proceeding to those which bear written words. The value of a law as a relic might perhaps have stood out more distinctly, and the essential unity of the war club and the writ could have been repeated to advantage, but the plan of this work is to follow the ordinary process in constructing an historical narrative, which is to extract what can be had from the chronicler, then proceed to the documents, and afterward look for help among the material objects. This instinctive method is correct, as we have noticed before, because without the narrative there would be no connected story; yet the value of the relic need not on that account be underestimated, for there are valuable Association. points to be drawn from relics also when the narrative is absent. Because the term "prehistoric" is applied to periods before written accounts appeared, it is not to be assumed that the traces of man's handiwork have no historic value in themselves. The The significance of a relic is found in its association. Beginning with the stratum of soil in which it was found, the grave in which it was deposited, the house of which it was an ornament, the most diligent inquiry must be made as to its surroundings and as to other relics in its company. The relic elucidates and is elucidated by its neighbors. comparison may embrace a brief period or may cover an unlimited time, as when we examine a rude stone hammer and accept it as an example of the mechanical art of its day, or when we place it in a row with a series from the neolithic age through the bronze and iron periods down to the highly finished steel products in the infinite variety of the present. We may note the rough processes of early manufacture and weigh the economic effort expended, as one American archæologist himself pounded out with another stone the groove of a stone hammer and thus acquired an estimate of the time which savage man required to make this simple tool. If we measure the days needed to make a stone axe and then how long it took to chop down a tree with such an ineffective instrument, we shall find some very practical reasons why man advanced so slowly in economic comfort. In the study of cost and effectiveness the application of association is also necessary. There must be |