facturers. Several of the chief protestants against Reciprocity with Cuba went away, giving various reasons for not returning; Senators who, in the previous session, had been encouraged to take up the cause by the representations of these men, now found little influence being brought to bear upon them; data which had been promised to show how the reduction in the tariff would cripple the industry, although promised, failed to be supplied. Finally it leaked out in Washington that several of the leading beet sugar factories in Michigan had been bought by the Sugar Trust, and Senator Burrows now found himself almost without a constituent, when, at the last session, he had been flooded with delegations pleading for his assistance with tears in their eyes. The National Beet Sugar Association expressed itself as willing to stand the small differential in the treaty in favor of Cuban sugar provided this settled the matter for a period of not less than five years. This amendment Senator Burrows succeeded in securing. Article Eight was amended to make the Cuban differential on sugar twenty per cent. for a term of five years. Inasmuch as those representing the beet sugar industry of America expressed themselves satisfied with this arrangement, Burrows withdrew further opposition to the Bill, and it was passed on this basis. Later, how

ever, individual beet sugar growers saw the mistake they had made, and tried to enlist Senator Burrows' assistance and sympathy; but the treaty had been completed, and, under all the circumstances, perhaps Burrows had lost some of his original enthusiasm.

WITH

CHAPTER XI

THE WILSON BILL. 1894

ITH the Democrats in full control of both Houses of Congress and of the Presidency for the first time in over thirty years, they undertook to make good their campaign promises regarding Tariff, and signally failed. It was, of course, unfortunate for them that while the revision was under way Congress itself was so frequently interrupted by petty discussions regarding the Currency, and it also operated against the Party in power to have the revenues themselves cut down because of financial disturb

ances before any actual progress could be made with the new Tariff Bill. The real difficulty, however, was that the Party could not come to any definite agreement within itself, and President Cleveland was entirely out of sympathy with many of his Party leaders.

The new Tariff measure which became known as the Wilson Bill was in effect a compromise with those Democrats favoring Protection, and, to make it still more unpopular, an income tax was added, which was later declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.