assumptions and data must be reconsidered in wider connections and translated into other terms. It is, in short, a phrase of diffidence, and not of arrogance; and it is indeed strange to hear people talk triumphantly of the New Psychology,' and write 'Histories of Psychology,' when into the real elements and forces which the word covers not the first glimpse of clear insight exists. A string of raw facts; a little gossip and wrangle about opinions; a little classification and generalization on the mere descriptive level; a strong prejudice that we have states of mind, and that our brain conditions them: but not a single law in the sense in which physics shows us laws, not a single proposition from which any consequence can causally be deduced. We don't even know the terms between which the elementary laws would obtain if we had them (p. 464). This is no science, it is only the hope of a science. The matter of a science is with us. Something definite happens when to a certain brain-state a certain 'sciousness' corresponds. A genuine glimpse into what it is would be the scientific achievement, before which all past achievements would pale. But at present psychology is in the condition of physics before Galileo and the laws of motion, of chemistry before Lavoisier and the notion that mass is preserved in all reactions. The Galileo and the Lavoisier of psychology will be famous men indeed when they come, as come they some day surely will, or past successes are no index to the future. When they do come, however, the necessities of the case will make them 'metaphysical. Meanwhile the best way in which we can facilitate their advent is to understand how great is the darkness in which we grope, and never to forget that the naturalscience assumptions with which we started are provisional and revisable things.
Abstract ideas, 240, 25; charac-
ters, 353; propositions, 354
Abstraction, 251; see Distraction
Accommodation, of crystalline
lens, 32; of ear, 49
Acquaintance, 14
Acquisitiveness, 407
Action, what holds attention de-
termines, 448
After-images, 43-5
AGASSIZ, 132
Alexia, 113
ALLEN, GRANT, 104
Alternating personality, 205 ff.
AMIDON, 132
Analysis, 56, 248, 251, 362
Anger, 374
4 108, 113; loss of images
Apperception, 326
Aqueduct of Silvius, 80
Arachnoid membrane, 84
Arbor vitæ, 86
ARISTOTLE, 318
Articular sensibility, 74
Association, Chapter XVI; the
order of our ideas, 253; de-
termined by cerebral laws, 255;
is not of ideas, but of things
thought of, 255; the elementary
principle of, 256; the ultimate
cause of is habit, 256; indeter
minateness of its results, 258;
total recall, 259; partial recall
and the law of interest, 261;
frequency, recency, vividness,
and emotional congruity tend
to determine the object re-
called, 264; focalized recall or
by similarity, 267, 364; volun-
tary trains of thought, 271;
problems, 273
Atomistic theories of conscious-
ness, 462
Attention, Chapter XIII; its re-
lation to interest, 170; its physi-
ological ground, 217; narrow-
ness of field of consciousness,
217; to how many things possi-
ble, 219; to simultaneous sight
and sound, 220; its varieties,
220; voluntary, 224; involun-
tary, 220; change necessary to,
226; its relation to genius, 227;
physiological conditions of,
228; the sense-organ must be
adapted, 229; the idea of the
object must be aroused, 232;
pedagogic remarks, 236; atten-
tion and free-will, 237; what
holds attention determines ac-
tion, 448; volitional effort is
effort of attention, 450
Auditory centre in brain, 113
Auditory type of imagination,
306
AUSTEN, Miss, 261
Automaton theory, 10, 101
AZAM, 210
BAHNSEN, 147
BAIN, 145, 367, 370
BERKLEV, 302, 303, 347
BINET, 318, 332
Black, 45-6
Blind Spot, 31
Blood-supply, cerebral, 130
Bodily expression, cause of emo-
tions, 375
BRACE, JULIA, 252
Brain, the functions of, Chapter
VIII, 91
Brain, its connection with mind,
5-7; its relations to outer forces,
9; relations of consciousness
to, 462
Brain, structure of, Chapter
VII, 78 ff.; vesicles, 78 ff.;
dissection of sheep's, 81; how to
preserve, 83; functions of,
Chapter VIII, 91 ff.
BRIDGMAN, LAURA, 252, 308
BROCA, 109, 113, 115
Broca's convolution, 109
BRODHUN, 46
BROOKS, Prof. W. K., 412
Brutes, reasoning of, 367
Calamus scriptorius, 84
Canals, semicircular, 50
CARPENTER, 223, 224
CATTELL, 125, 126, 127
Caudate nucleus, 81, 86
Centres, nerve, 92
Cerebellum, its relation to equi-
librium, 76; its anatomy, 79,
84
Cerebral laws, of association, 255
Cerebral process, see Neural
see Brain, Hemi-
Changing character of conscious-
CHARCOT, 113, 309
Choice, see Interest
Coalescence of different sensa-
tions into the same thing,'
339
Cochlea, 51, 52
Cognition, see Reasoning
Cold, sensations of, 63 ff.; nerves
of, 64
Color, 40-3
Commissures, 84
Commissure, middle, 88 ff.; an-
terior, 88; posterior, 88
Comparison of magnitudes, 342
Compounding of sensations, 23,
43, 57
Compound objects, analysis of,
248
Concatenated acts, dependent on
habit, 140
Conceiving, mode of, what is
meant by, 354
Conceptions, Chapter XIV; de-
fined, 239; their permanence,
239; different states of mind
can mean the same, 239; ab-
stract, universal, and problem-
atic, 240; the thought of the
same' is not the same thought
over again, 243
Conceptual order different from
perceptual, 243
Consciousness, stream of, Chap-
ter XI, 151; four characters
in, 152; personal, 152; is in
constant change, 152, 466; same
state of mind never Occurs
twice, 154; consciousness is
continuous, 157; substantive
and transitive states of, 160;
interested in one part of its ob-
ject more than another, 170;
double consciousness, 206 ff.;
narrowness of field of, 217; re-
lations of to brain, 462
Consciousness and Movement,
Chapter XXIII; all conscious-
ness is motor, 370
Concomitants, law of varying,
251
Consent, in willing, 452
Continuity of object of conscious-
ness, 157
Contrast, 25, 44-5
Convergence of eyeballs, 31, 33
Convolutions, motor, 106
Corpora fimbriata, 86
Corpora quadrigemma, 79, 86, 89
Corpus albicans, 84
Corpus callosum, 81, 84
Corpus striatum, 81, 86, 108
Cortex, 11, note
Cortex, localization in, 104; mo
tor region of, 106
Corti's organ, 52
Cramming, 295
Crura of brain, 79, 84, 108
Curiosity, 407
Currents, in nerves, 10
CZERMAK, 70
DARWIN, 388, 389
Deafness, mental, 113
DELAGE, 76
Deliberation, 448
Delusions of insane, 207
Dermal senses, 60 ff.
Determinism and psychology, 461
Decision, five types, 429.
Differences, 24, directly felt,
245, not resolvable into com
position, 245, inferred, 248
Diffusion of movements, the law
of, 371
Dimension, third, 342, 346
Discharge, nervous, 120
Discord, 58
Discrimination, Chapter XV, 59.
touch, 62, defined, 244, condi-
tions which favor, 245; sensa
tion of difference, 246, differ.
ences inferred, 248; analysis
of compound objects, 249; to
be easily singled out a quality
should already be separately
known, 250; dissociation by
varying concomitants, 251.
practice improves discrimina-
tion, 252, of space, 338. See
Difference
'Disparate' retinal points, 35
Dissection, of sheep's brain, 81
Distance, as seen, 39; between
members of series, 24; in space,
see Third dimension
Distraction, 218 ff.
Division of space, 338
DONALDSON, 64
Double consciousness, 206 ff.
Double images, 36
Double personality, 205
Duality of brain, 205
DUMONT, 135
Dura mater, 82
Duration, the primitive object in
time-perception, 280; our esti-
mation of short, 281
Ear, 47 ff.
Effort, feeling of, 434; feels like
an original force, 442; voli-
tional effort is effort of atten-
tion, 450; ethical importance
of the phenomena of effort, 458
Ego, see Self
Embryological sketch, Chapter
VII, 78
Emotion, Chapter XXIV; com-
pared with instincts, 373;
varieties of, innumerable, 374;
causes of varieties, 375, 381;
results from bodily expression,
375; this view not materialis-
tic, 380; the subtler emotions,
384, fear, 385; genesis of re-
actions, 388
Emotional congruity, determines
association, 264
Empirical self, see Self
Emulation, 406
End-organs, 10; of touch, 60; of
temperature, 64; of pressure,
60; of pain, 67
Environment, 3
Essence of reason, always for
subjective interest, 358
Essential characters, in reason,
Feeling of effort, 434
FÉRÉ, 311
FERRIER, 132
Fissure of Rolando, seat of mo
tor incitations, 106
Fissure of Sylvius, 108
Foramen of Monro, 88
Force, original, effort feels like,
Forgetting, 300
Fornix, 81, 86, 87, 89
Fovea centralis, 31
FRANKLIN, 121
FRANZ, Dr., 308
Freedom of the will, 237
Free-will and attention, 237; re-
lates solely to effort of atten-
tion, 455; insoluble on strictly
psychologic grounds, 456; ethi
cal importance of the phe
nomena of effort, 458
Frequency, determines associa -
tion, 264
"Fringes" of mental objects,
163 ff
Frogs' lower centres, 95
Functions of the Brain, Chapter
VIII, 91; nervous functions,
general idea of, 91
Fusion of mental states, 197,
245, 339
Fusion, of sensations, 23, 43, 57
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HALL, ROBERT, 223
Hallucinations, 330 ff.
HAMILTON, 260, 268
Harmony, 58
HARTLEY, 255
Hearing, 47 ff.; centre of, in cor.
tex, 113
Heat-sensations, 63 ff.; nerves of
64
HELMHOLTZ, 26, 42, 43, 55, 56,
58, 121, 226, 227, 231, 233, 234,
321
Hemispheres, general notion of,
97; chief seat of memory, 98;
effects of deprivation of, on
frogs, 92; on pigeons, 96
HERBART, 222, 326
HERBARTIAN SCHOOL, 157
HERING, 24, 26
HERZEN, 123, 124
HIPPOCAMPI, 88
HODGSON, 262, 264, 280, 283
HOLBROOK, 297
HORSLEY, 107, 118
HUME, 161, 244
Hunger, sensations of, 69
HUXLEY, 143
Hypnotic conditions, 301
Ideas, the theory of, 154 ff.; never
come twice the same, 154; they
do not permanently exist, 157;
abstract ideas, 240, 251; uni-
versal 240; order of ideas by
association, 253
'Identical retinal points,' 35
Identity, personal, 201; mutations
of, 205 ff.; alternating person-
ality, 205
Ideo-motor action the type of all
volition, 432
Illusions, 317 ff., 330
Images, mental, compared with
sensations, 14; double, in vis-
ion, 36; after-images,' 43-5;
visual, 302; auditory, 306;
motor, 307; tactile, 308
Imagination, Chapter XIX; de-
fined, 302; differs in individ-
uals, 302; Galton's statistics of,
302; visual, 302; auditory, 306;
motor, 307; tactile, 308; patho
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