cause will be determined. I send you the Informations or Cases on each side, which I hope you will read. You said to me, when we were under Sir Allan's hospitable roof, "I will help you with my pen." You said it with a generous glow; and though his Grace of Argyle did afterwards mount you upon an excellent horse, upon which "you looked like a bishop," you must not swerve from your purpose at Inchkenneth. I wish you may understand the points at issue, amidst our Scotch law principles and phrases. [Here followed a full state of the case, in which I endeavoured to make it as clear as I could to an Englishman who had no knowledge of the formularies and technical language of the law of Scotland.] 'I shall inform you how the cause is decided here. But as it may be brought under the review of our judges, and is certainly to be carried by appeal to the House of Lords, the assistance of such a mind as yours will be of consequence. Your paper on Vicious Intromission is a noble proof of what you can do even in Scotch law. 'I have not yet distributed all your books. Lord Hailes and Lord Monboddo have each received one, and return you thanks. Monboddo dined with me lately, and having drunk tea, we were a good while by ourselves, and as I knew that he had read the Journey superficially, as he did not talk of it as I wished, I brought it to him, and read aloud several passages; and then he talked so, that I told him he was to have a copy from the author. He begged that might be marked on it. *SIR ALEXANDER DICK TO DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 'PRESTONFIELD, Feb. 17, 1777. 'SIR,- I had yesterday the honour of receiving your book of your Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, which you were so good as to send me by the hands of our mutual friend, Mr. Boswell, of Auchinleck; for which I return you my most hearty thanks: and after carefully reading it over again, shall deposit it in my little collection of choice books, next our worthy friend's Journey to Corsica. As there are many things to admire in both performances, I have often wished that no Travels or Journey should be published but those undertaken by persons of integrity and capacity to judge well, and describe faithfully, and in good language, the situation, condition, and manners of the countries passed through. Indeed, our country of Scotland, in spite of the union of the crowns, is still in most places so devoid of clothing, or A celebrated physician, President of the College of Physicians at Edinburgh. cover from hedges and plantations, that it was well you gave your readers a sound Monitoire, with respect to that circumstance. The truths you have told, and the purity of the language in which they are expressed, as your Journey is universally read, may and already appear to have a very good effect. For a man of my acquaintance, who has the largest nursery for trees and hedges in this country, tells me that of late the demand upon him for these articles is doubled, and sometimes tripled. I have, therefore, listed Dr. Samuel Johnson in some of my memorandums of the principal planters and favourers of the enclosures, under a name which I took the liberty to invent from the Greek, Papadendrion. Lord Auchinleck and some few more are of the list. I am told that one gentleman in the shire of Aberdeen, viz. Sir Archibald Grant, has planted above fifty millions of trees on a piece of very wild ground at Monimusk. I must inquire if he has fenced them well, before he enters my list; for that is the soul of enclosing. I began myself to plant a little, our ground being too valuable for much, and that is now fifty years ago: and the trees, now in my seventy-fourth year, I look up to with reverence, and show them to my eldest son, now in his fifteenth year, and they are the full height of my country-house here, where I had the pleasure of receiving you, and hope again to have that satisfaction with our mutual friend, Mr. Boswell.-I shall always continue, with the truest esteem, dear Doctor, your most obliged and obedient humble servant, 'ALEXANDER DICK.' 'TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. 'February 18, 1777. "DEAR SIR,-It is so long since I heard anything from you,' that I am not easy about it; write something to me next post. When you sent your last letter everything seemed to be mending; I hope nothing has lately grown worse. I suppose young Alexander continues to thrive, and Veronica is now very pretty company. I do not suppose the lady is yet reconciled to me, yet let her know that I love her very well, and value her very much. 'Dr. Blair is printing some sermons. If they are all like the first, which I have read, they are sermones aurei, ac auro magis aurei. It is excellently written, both as to doctrine and language. Mr. Watson's book2 seems to be much esteemed. 'Poor Beauclerk still continues very ill. Langton lives on as he used to do. His children are very pretty, and I think his lady loses her Scotch. Paoli I never see. 1 By the then course of the post, my long letter of the 14th had not yet reached him. -BosWELL. 2 History of Philip the Second.-BOSWELL. 'I have been so distressed by difficulty of breathing, that I lost, as was computed, six-andthirty ounces of blood in a few days. I am better, but not well. I wish you would be vigilant, and get me Graham's Telemachus that was printed at Glasgow, a very little book; and Jonstoni Poemata, another little book, printed at Middleburgh. 'Mrs. Williams sends her compliments, and promises that when you come hither she will accommodate you as well as ever she can in the old room. She wishes to know whether you sent her book to Sir Alexander Gordon. 'My dear Boswell, do not neglect to write to me: for your kindness is one of the pleasures of my life, which I should be sorry to lose.-I am, sir, your humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' TO DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 'EDINBURGH, Feb. 24, 1777. 'DEAR SIR,-Your letter, dated the 18th instant, I had the pleasure to receive last post. Although my late long neglect, or rather delay, was truly culpable, I am tempted not to regret it, since it has produced me so valuable a proof of your regard. I did, indeed, during that inexcusable silence, sometimes divert the reproaches of my own mind by fancying that I should hear again from you, inquiring with some anxiety about me, because for aught you knew, I might have been ill. 'You are pleased to show me that my kindness is of some consequence to you. My heart is elated at the thought. Be assured, my dear sir, that my affection and reverence for you are exalted and steady. I do not believe that a more perfect attachment ever existed in the history of mankind. And it is a noble attachment; for the attractions are Genius, Learning, and Piety. 'Your difficulty of breathing alarms me, and brings into my imagination an event which, although in the natural course of things I must expect at some period, I cannot view with composure. My wife is much honoured by what you say of her. She begs you may accept of her best compliments. She is to send you some marmalade of oranges of her own making. I ever am, my dear sir, your most obliged, and faithful humble servant, 'JAMES BOSWELL.' 'TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. 'March 14, 1777. 'DEAR SIR,-I have been much pleased with your late letter, and am glad that my old enemy Mrs. Boswell begins to feel some remorse. As to Miss Veronica's Scotch, I think it cannot be helped. An English maid you might easily have; but she would still imitate the greater number, as they would be likewise those whom she must most respect. Her dialect will not be gross. Her mamma has not much Scotch, and you have yourself very little. I hope she knows my name, and does not call me Johnston.' "The immediate cause of my writing is this:One Shaw, who seems a modest and a decent man, has written an Erse Grammar, which a very learned Highlander, Macbean, has at my request examined and approved. 'The book is very little, but Mr. Shaw has been persuaded by his friends to set it at half a guinea, though I advised only a crown, and thought myself liberal. You, whom the author considers as a great encourager of ingenious men, will receive a parcel of his proposals and receipts. I have undertaken to give you notice of them, and to solicit your countenance. You must ask no poor man, because the price is really too high. Yet such a work deserves patronage. 'It is proposed to augment our club from twenty to thirty, of which I am glad ; for as we have several in it whom I do not much like to consort with," I am for reducing it to a mere miscellaneous collection of conspicuous men, without any determinate character. I am, dear sir, most affectionately yours, 'SAM. JOHNSON. 'My respects to madam, to Veronica, to Alexander, to Euphemia, to David.' MR. BOSWELL TO DR. JOHNSON. 'EDINBURGH, April 4, 1777. [After informing him of the death of my little son David, and that I could not come to London this spring :-] 'I think it hard that I should be a whole year without seeing you. May I presume to petition for a meeting with you in the autumn? You have, I believe, seen all the cathedrals in England, except that of Carlisle. If you are to be with Dr. Taylor, at Ashbourne, it would not be a great journey to come thither. We may pass a few most agreeable days there by ourselves, and I will accompany you a good part of the way to the southward again. Pray think of this. 'You forget that Mr. Shaw's Erse Grammar was put into your hands by myself last year. Lord Eglintoune put it into mine. I am glad that Mr. Macbean approves of it. I have received Mr. Shaw's proposals for its publication, which I can perceive are written by the hand of a MASTER. 1 Johnson is the most common English formation of the surname from John; Johnston the Scotch. My illustrious friend observed, that many North Britons pronounced his name in their own way.-BOSWELL 2 On account of their differing from him as to religion and politics.-BOSWELL 1 'Pray get me all the editions of Walton's Lives. I have a notion that the republication of them with Notes will fall upon me, between Dr. Horne and Lord Hailes." 'Mr. Shaw's proposals for An Analysis of the Scotch Celtic Language were thus illuminated by the pen of Johnson : "Though the Erse dialect of the Celtic language has, from the earliest times, been spoken in Britain, and still subsists in the northern parts and adjacent islands, yet by the negligence of a people rather warlike than lettered, it has hitherto been left to the caprice and judgment of every speaker, and has floated in the living voice, without the steadiness of analogy, or di- | rection of rules. An Erse Grammar is an addition to the stores of literature; and its author hopes for the indulgence always shown to those that attempt to do what was never done before. If his work shall be found defective, it is at least all his own; he is not, like other grammarians, a compiler or transcriber; what he delivers, he has learned by attentive observation among his countrymen, who perhaps will be themselves surprised to see that speech reduced to principles, which they have used only by imitation. 'The use of this book will, however, not be confined to the mountains and islands; it will afford a pleasing and important subject of speculation to those whose studies lead them to trace the affinity of languages, and the migrations of the ancient races of mankind.' 'TO DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON. 'GLASGOW, April 24, 1777. 'MY DEAR SIR,-Our worthy friend Thrale's death having appeared in the newspapers, and been afterwards contradicted, I have been placed in a state of very uneasy uncertainty, from which I hoped to be relieved by you: but my hopes have as yet been vain. How could you omit to write to me on such an occasion? I shall wait with anxiety. 'I am going to Auchinleck to stay a fortnight with my father. It is better not to be there very long at one time. But frequent renewals of attention are agreeable to him. 'Pray tell me about this edition of The English Poets, with a preface, biographical and critical, to each author, by Samuel Johnson, LL.D., which I see advertised. I am delighted with the prospect of it. Indeed I am happy to feel that I am capable of being so much delighted with literature. But is not the charm of this publication chiefly owing to the magnum nomen in the front of it? 1 None of the persons here mentioned executed the wk which they had in contemplation. Walton's valuable book, however, has been correctly republished in quarto, with notes and illustrations, by the Rev. Mi. Zouch.-MALONE 'What do you say of Lord Chesterfield's Memoirs and Last Letters? 'My wife has made marmalade of oranges for you. I left her and my daughters and Alexander all well yesterday. I have taught Veronica to speak of you thus:-Dr. Johnson, not Johnston.-I remain, my dear sir, your most affectionate and obliged humble servant, 'JAMES BOSWELL.' 'TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. 'May 3, 1777. 'DEAR SIR,-The story of Mr. Thrale's death, as he had neither been sick nor in any other danger, made so little impression upon me, that I never thought about obviating its effects on anybody else. It is supposed to have been produced by the English custom of making April fools; that is, of sending one another on some foolish errand on the 1st of April. Tell Mrs. Boswell that I shall taste her marmalade cautiously at first. Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes. Beware,' says the Italian proverb, 'of a reconciled enemy.' But when I find it does me no harm, I shall then receive it, and be thankful for it, as a pledge of firm, and, I hope, of unalterable kindness. She is, after all, a dear, dear lady. 'Please to return Dr. Blair thanks for his sermons. The Scotch write English wonderfully well. 'Your frequent visits to Auchinleck, and your short stays there, are very laudable and very judicious. Your present concord with your father gives me great pleasure; it was all that you seemed to want. 'My health is very bad, and my nights are very unquiet. What can I do to mend them? I have for this summer nothing better in prospect than a journey into Staffordshire and Derbyshire, perhaps with Oxford and Birmingham in my way. 'Make my compliments to Miss Veronica; I must leave it to her philosophy to comfort you for the loss of little David. You must remember that to keep three out of four is more than your share. Mrs. Thrale has but four out of eleven. 'I am engaged to write little Lives, and little Prefaces, to a little edition of The English Poets. I think I have persuaded the booksellers to insert something of Thomson; and if you could give me some information about him, for the life which we have is very scanty, I should be glad.-I am, dear sir, your most affectionate humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' To those who delight in tracing the progress of works of literature, it will be an entertainment to compare the limited design with the ample execution of that admirable performance, The Lives of the English Poets, which is the richest, most beautiful, and indeed most perfect the business. Accordingly, a meeting was held, consisting of about forty of the most respectable booksellers of London, when it was agreed that an elegant and uniform edition of The English Poets should be immediately printed, with a concise account of the life of each author, by Dr. Samuel Johnson; and that three persons should be deputed to wait upon to Dr. Johnson, to solicit him to undertake the Lives-viz., T. Davies, Strahan, and Cadell. The Doctor very politely undertook it, and seemed exceedingly pleased with the proposal. As to the terms, it was left entirely to the Doctor to name his own. He mentioned two hundred guineas; it was immediately agreed to; and a further compliment, I believe, will be made him. A committee was likewise appointed to engage the best engravers production of Johnson's pen. His notion of it at this time appears in the preceding letter. He has a memorandum in this year- 29 May, Easter Eve, I treated with booksellers on a bargain, but the time was not long.' The bargain was concerning that undertaking; but his tender conscience seems alarmed lest it should have intruded too much on his devout | preparation for the solemnity of the ensuing day. But, indeed, very little time was necessary for Johnson's concluding a treaty with the booksellers; as he had, I believe, less attention to profit from his labours than any man to whom literature has been a profession. I shall here insert (from a letter to me from my late worthy friend, Mr. Edward Dilly, though of a later date) an account of this plan so happily conceived; since it was the occasion of procuring-viz., Bartolozzi, Sherwin, Hall, etc. Likewise for us an elegant collection of the best biography and criticism of which our language can boast. MR. E. DILLY TO JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. 'SOUTHILL, Sept. 20th, 1777. 'DEAR SIR,-You will find by this letter that I am still in the same calm retreat from the noise and bustle of London as when I wrote to you last. I am happy to find you had such an agreeable meeting with your old friend, Dr. Johnson; I have no doubt your stock is much increased by the interview. Few men, nay, I may say scarcely any man, has got that fund of knowledge and entertainment as Dr. Johnson in conversation. When he opens freely, every one is attentive to what he says, and cannot fail of improvement as well as pleasure. "The edition of the Poets, now printing, will do honour to the English press; and a concise account of the life of each author, by Dr. Johnson, will be a very valuable addition, and stamp the reputation of this edition superior to anything that is gone before. The first cause that gave rise to this undertaking, I believe, was owing to the little trifling edition of the Poets, printing by the Martins at Edinburgh, and to be sold by Bell in London. Upon examining the volumes which were printed, the type was found so extremely small, that many persons could not read them. Not only this inconvenience attended it, but the inaccuracy of the press was very conspicuous. These reasons, as well as the idea of an invasion of what we call our literary property, induced the London booksellers to print an elegant and accurate edition of all the English poets of reputation, from Chaucer to the present time. Accordingly, a select number of the most respectable booksellers met on the occasion; and on consulting together, agreed that all the proprietors of copyright in the various poets should be summoned together; and when their opinions were given, to proceed immediately on 1 Prayers and Meditations, p. 155.--BOSWELL. another committee for giving directions about the paper, printing, etc.; so that the whole will be conducted with spirit, and in the best manner, with respect to authorship, editorship, engravings, etc. My brother will give you a list of the Poets we mean to give, many of which are within the time of the Act of Queen Anne, which Martin and Bell cannot give, as they have no property in them; the proprietors are almost all the booksellers in London, of consequence.— I am, dear sir, ever yours, 'EDWARD DILLY.' I shall afterwards have occasion to consider the extensive and varied range which Johnson took, when he was once led upon ground which he trod with a peculiar delight, having long been intimately acquainted with all the circumstances of it that could interest and please. 'DR. JOHNSON TO CHARLES O'CONNOR, ESQ. 'May 19, 1777. 'SIR,-Having had the pleasure of conversing with Dr. Campbell about your character and your literary undertaking, I am resolved to gratify myself by renewing a correspondence which began and ended a great while ago, and 1 Johnson's moderation in demanding so small a sum is extraordinary. Had he asked one thousand, or even fifteen hundred, guineas, the booksellers, who knew the value of his name, would, doubtless, have readily given it. They have, probably, got five thonsand guineas by this work in the course of twenty-five years.-MALONE. 2 Mr. Joseph Cooper Walker, of the Treasury, Dublin, who obligingly communicated to me this and a former letter from Dr. Johnson to the same gentleman, writes to me as follows:- Perhaps it would gratify you to have some account of Mr. O'Connor. He is an amiable, learned, venerable old gentleman, of an independent fortune, who lives at Belanagar, in the county of Roscommon; he is an admired writer, and Member of the Irish Academy.'-The above letter is alluded to in the Preface of the 2d edit. of his Dissert. p. 3. Mr. O'Connor afterwards died at the age of eighty-two, July 1, 1791. See a well-drawn character of him in the Gentleman's Magazine for August 1791.-BOSWELL ended, I am afraid, by my fault; a fault which, if you have not forgotten it, you must now forgive. 'If I have ever disappointed you, give me leave to tell you that you have likewise disappointed me. I expected great discoveries in Irish antiquity, and large publications in the Irish language; but the world still remains as it was, doubtful and ignorant. What the Irish language is in itself, and to what languages it has affinity, are very interesting questions, which every man wishes to see resolved that has any philological or historical curiosity. Dr. Leland begins his history too late: the ages which deserve an exact inquiry are those times (for such they were) when Ireland was the school of the west, the quiet habitation of sanctity and literature. If you could give a history, though imperfect, of the Irish nation, from its conversion to Christianity to the invasion from England, you would amplify knowledge with new views and new objects. Set about it, therefore, if you can: do what you can easily do without anxious exactness. Lay the foundation, and leave the superstructure to posterity.-I am, sir, your humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' Early in this year came out, in two volumes quarto, the posthumous works of the learned Dr. Zachary Pearce, Bishop of Rochester; being, A Commentary, with Notes, on the Four Evangelists and the Acts of the Apostles, with other theological pieces. Johnson had now an opportunity of making a grateful return to that excellent prelate, who, we have seen, was the only person who gave him any assistance in the compilation of his Dictionary. The Bishop had left some account of his life and character, written by himself. To this Johnson made some valuable additions, and also furnished to the editor, the Reverend Mr. Derby,' a dedication, which I shall here insert, both because it will appear at this time with peculiar propriety, and because it will tend to propagate and increase that 'fervour of loyalty,' which in me, who boast of the name of TORY, is not only a principle but a passion. 'TO THE KING. 'SIR,-I presume to lay before your Majesty the last labours of a learned bishop who died in the toils and duties of his calling. He is now beyond the reach of all earthly honours and rewards; and only the hope of inciting others to imitate him, makes it now fit to be remembered that he enjoyed in his life the favour of your Majesty. "The tumultuary life of princes seldom permits them to survey the wide extent of national interest without losing sight of private merit; Mr. Derby was Rector of Southfleet and Longfield, in Kent. He died in 1778.-GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. to exhibit qualities which may be imitated by the highest and the humblest of mankind; and to be at once amiable and great. 'Such characters, if now and then they appear in history, are contemplated with admiration. May it be the ambition of all your subjects to make haste with their tribute of reverence; and as posterity may learn from your Majesty how kings should live, may they learn likewise from your people how they should be honoured.-I am, may it please your Majesty, with the most profound respect, your Majesty's most dutiful and devoted subject and servant.' In the summer he wrote a prologue, which was spoken before A Word to the Wise, a comedy by Mr. Hugh Kelly, which had been brought upon the stage in 1770; but he being a writer for the ministry in one of the newspapers, it fell a sacrifice to popular fury, and, in the playhouse phrase, was damned. By the generosity of Mr. Harris, the proprietor of Covent Garden Theatre, it was now exhibited for one night for the benefit of the author's widow and children. To conciliate the favour of the audience was the intention of Johnson's prologue, which, as it is not long, I shall here insert, as a proof that his poetical talents were in no degree impaired : This night presents a play, which public rage, If want of skill or want of care appear, CHAPTER XL. 1777. A CIRCUMSTANCE which could not fail to be very pleasing to Johnson occurred this year. The tragedy of Sir Thomas Overbury, written by his early companion in London, Richard Savage, was brought up with alterations, at Drury Lane Theatre. The prologue to it was written by Mr. Richard Brinsley Sheridan; in which, |