xxxix., and in MS. Col. Jes., Oxford, i. xxix.; a third, MS. Cotton. Galba, A. xix., perished in the fire. They are of the beginning of the 13th century. It is a collection of moral instructions in verse, conveyed in popular proverbs, supposed to be addressed by him to his people and to his son, but it has no claim to be ranked among his works. This tract must have been in existence early in the 12th century, for it is mentioned by Ailred of Rievaux. 9. The translation of Esop's Fables attributed to King Alfred was probably not more genuine. Our knowledge of this book is derived from the Epilogue to the fables of the Anglo-Norman poetess Marie, who says that she translated them from Alfred's English version: "Esope apelum cest livre, Qu'il translata e fist escrire; Et jeo l'ai rimée en Franceis, etc." MS. Harl., No. 978, fol. 87, vo. Some of the manuscripts of these fables give a different reading of the name, but that of Alfred is the best supported. His name long continued to be popular, and was probably affixed in different ways to many such works as the two last mentioned. The introduction to a Latin version of Esop, preserved in a manuscript in the British Museum, also mentions Alfred's English translation, in a manner which can leave little doubt of the existence of such a book bearing that monarch's name. The old bibliographers, such as Bale and Leland, enumerate other works under the name of Alfred, for which there is no authority. We think also that it is not necessary to place among the king's literary productions his enactments, which are printed in all the editions of the Anglo-Saxon laws. His translations are executed with much spirit. As he tells us himself, he "sometimes interprets word for word, and sometimes meaning for meaning ;" and he not unfrequently inserted passages of his own. The most interesting of his works in respect to this latter point are, his version of Boethius, containing several very remarkable additions, and his Orosius, in the geographical part of which he has given the valuable narratives of two northern navigators, Ohtere and Wulfstan, whom he had personally examined. In point of style, Alfred's translations may be considered as the purest specimens we possess of Anglo-Saxon prose. Former biographers have been induced to give him the fame of being a poet as well as a prose writer; this is owing to Asser's account of the love which the king showed always to his native poetry, and of the metrical version of the Metres of Boethius, attributed to him. We have already stated it as our opinion that these metres were not the work of Alfred; they were probably composed by some obscure writer of the 10th century, who imagined that Alfred's version of Boethius was imperfect so long as the metres were only given in prose. If Alfred had written verse, it would certainly have possessed some of the higher characteristics which distinguish that class of compositions in the Anglo-Saxon language; and we cannot believe that he would have submitted to the puerile occupation of arranging his own words in alliterative couplets. He died on the 28th of October, 901. His children, and even his grand-children, inherited from him the same greatness of mind, and love of science and literature, which were so conspicuous in his own character. His name continued to be cherished among his countrymen till the extinction of Anglo-Saxon independence, and it was without doubt the subject of numerous traditionary stories and anecdotes. Even in the 12th and 13th centuries his memory was kept alive as the burden of popular songs, and by productions similar to the fables and proverbs already mentioned. EDITIONS OF KING ALFRED'S WORKS.-The preface to the Pastorale was printed with Asser's Life, by Matthew Parker, fol., Lond., 1574; it was reprinted at Leyden, in 1597, par Bon. Vulcanium Brugensem, in a scarce, anonymous work, entitled De Literis et Lingua Getarum, sive Gothorum: it was again printed by Camden, in his Anglica Normanica, &c. Scripta, fol. Francof., 1603; and afterwards by Wise, in his edition of Asser, 8vo, Oxon., 1722. Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum Libri V. a Venerabili Beda Presbytero scripti. Edited by Wheloc., fol., Cantabr., 1643. Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of Bede. An. Manl. Sever. Boethii Consolationis Philosophia Libri V. Anglo-Saxonice redditi ab Alfredo, inclyto Anglo-Saxonum Regl. Ad apographum Junianum, expressos edidit Christophorus RawInson, e Collegio Reginæ, 8vo. Oxon., 1698. Auctore Baeda. Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum, &c. Edited by Smith, fol., Cantabr., 1722, pp. 471-649. Anglo-Saxon version of Bede. The Anglo-Saxon version, from the historian Orosius, by Elfred the Great, together with an English Translation from the AngloSaxon, 8vo, London, 1773. By Daines Barrington. The Will of King Alfred. 1788, 4to. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press The Will of King Alfred, reprinted from the Oxford ed. of 1788; with a preface and additional notes by Thomas Astle, 8vo, 1828. King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of Boethius de Consolatione Philosophia, with an English Translation, and notes. By J. S. Cardale, 8vo, London, 1829. King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of the Metres of Boethius, with an English Translation, and Notes. By the Rev. Samuel Fox, 8vo, London, 1835. Reliquiæ Antiquæ. Edited by Thomas Wright and James verbs of King Alfred.-Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. Orchard Halliwell, vol. i. 8vo, London, 1841, pp. 170-188. The Pro Alfred of Beverly, born about 1100, derives his chief importance from the dispute which has arisen whether he preceded or came after Geoffrey of Monmouth. Historians and bibliographers have all fixed at too early a date the period when Alfred of Beverly compiled his history. All that we know of his life is derived from his own writings. While occupied with his historical researches, it appears that the history of Geoffrey of Monmouth was published, and began to create a great sensation. Alfred hearing people talk of British kings of whom he was entirely ignorant, and ashamed to be obliged continually to confess that he knew nothing about them, became anxious to obtain a sight of the new history, and with much difficulty succeeded. He perused it with avidity, and, charmed with the novelty of its contents, he would have made a transcript of it for himself if he had been allowed sufficient time, and had possessed money enough to buy the materials at once; but this not being the case, he determined to make an abridgment of it. Alfred informs us that, having abridged the history of the Britons, he determined to abridge other historians, so as to continue his book through the Saxon and Norman times. We trace, as having gone through this process, among others, Bede, Florence of Worcester, and the Northern writer Simeon of Durham, which historian appears to have been the last he used, for Alfred's history closes in the same year with that of Simeon, A.D. 1129, the 29th year of Henry I. His historical notices are extremely brief, and his style is that of the ordinary writers of his age. Bale has increased the number of works attributed to Alfred of Beverly, by making three different titles out of his one known historical epitome. He is said to have written a life of John of Beverly; but we know with more certainty that he was the author of a work on the rights and privileges of his church, which he is said in the title to have translated from English into Latin, and which was preserved in the Cottonian Library, but the volume containing it unfortunately perished in the fire. Edition, Aluredi Beverlacensis Annales, sive Historia de Gestis Regum Britanniæ, Libris ix., e codice pervetusto.... Descripsit ediditque Tho. Hearnius, Oxon., 1716, 8vo.-Abbrev. from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. Alfred, (flourished 1170,) who by some writers is named the Philosopher, is enumerated by Roger Bacon among those who had translated the Arabian books of science into Latin. Pits, partly on the authority of Boston of Bury, tells us that he wandered in search of learning through France and Italy, and that at Rome he was received into the family of Cardinal Ottobini, who made him his chaplain, and brought him to England, when he was sent as legate by Pope Urban IV. to make peace between Henry III. and his barons. This however cannot be correct, for one of Alfred's principal works, the translation (from the Arabic) of Aristotle's treatise, De Vegetabilibus et Plantis, is dedicated to Roger of Hereford, whose contemporary he must have been. In the manuscripts of this book, preserved in the Bibliothèque Royale at Paris, the author is sometimes named simply Magister Alfredus, and at others Alfredus de Sarchel. M. Jourdain states reasons for believing that this work was translated in Spain. Pits mentions the titles of several other books attributed to him, most of which are still extant: they are, 1. De Musica, of which he gives as the first words, Licet mihi inter meditandum. 2. In Boethium de Consolatione Philosophiæ, in five books, not now known to exist. 3. In Meteora Aristotelis. This is preserved in a manuscript in the Royal Library at Paris, where the author's name is corruptly spelt Alphiolus. 4. De Rerum Natura. M. Jourdain believes this to be the treatise De Causis Elementorum, which is found in most of the manuscripts joined to the transla tion of Aristotle De Vegetabilibus, and clearly resembles it in style. 5. De Motu Cordis. M. Jourdain thinks this may be the same as a short treatise, evidently translated from the Arabic, which is found under the same title in a MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, MS. Lat. No. 6443. ALF 6. Leland mentions a treatise by this writer, (or some per- | son of the same name,) De Educatione Accipitrum. Perhaps the Aluredus Anglicus, mentioned by Boston of Bury as Cardinal Ottoboni's chaplain, and as the author of the treatise on music, and the Commentary on Boethius, was a different person from the philosopher.-Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. Alfric, or Alfred of Malmsbury, flourished in 990. William of Malmsbury tells us that he was a learned man. The old bibliographers attribute to this writer a scientific treatise De Naturis Rerum, and a history of his abbey, De Rebus sui Coenobii. No such works, however, are now William of Malmsbury has wrongly atknown to exist. tributed to this Alfric the writings of Alfred of Canterbury.-Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. Alfric of Canterbury, died 1006. No Anglo-Saxon writer has excited so much interest in modern times by his works as Alfric the Grammarian, as he has been generally named, from his grammar; and yet there are few whose personal history is involved in so much confusion and uncertainty. This arises, in part, from the name having been extremely common among the Anglo-Saxons, and from the difficulty of identifying the author of the different books which bear this name by internal evidence. Leland separated one Alfric into three, and Bale gave each of these three a distinct chapter. On the other hand, Usher joined three into one, confounding Alfric of Canterbury with Alfric of York and Alfric of Malmsbury. The historians of the 12th and 13th centuries, such as William of Malmsbury, and Matthew Paris, do not seem to have escaped from the same confusion. Alfric is said to have been descended from a noble family, his father being Ealderman or Earl of Kent. When young, his education was intrusted to one of the secular priests, who, as he says, could with difficulty understand Latin, and from whose misconduct he seems to have derived a contempt for the whole class of secular clergy. We think it probable that Alfric remained at Winchester, until A.D. 988 or 989, when he was sent by Alfheh, then Bishop of Winchester, to regulate or govern the newly-established Abbey of Cerne, in Dorsetshire, at the request of the founder, Ealderman Ethelmer. The next event in the life of Alfric is his promotion to the Bishopric of Wilton. We are justified in believing that he filled this bishopric during a very brief period previous to the death of Sigeric of Canterbury, in 995. In 995, Alfric succeeded Sigeric as Archbishop of Canterbury; and it is remarkable that in the instrument of his election he is called simply a monk of Abingdon. All we know of the remainder of his life is, that he ruled his diocese with vigour and piety during a period of continual sufferings from the inroads of the Danes. Bridferth, who dedicated to him his life of Dunstan, speaks of the wonderful extent of his learning. Alfric died on the 16th of November, 1006. It is probable that the greater part of Alfric's numerous writings are still extant. They consist chiefly of translations, and may be conveniently divided into three classes: those intended for the instruction of youth, theological works written after his mission to the Abbey of Cerne, and those which he composed after his elevation to the Bishopric of Wilton. 1. The Latin Grammar, which is a translation from the old grammars of Donatus and Priscian, and from which Alfric has derived his title of Grammaticus. Several manuscripts of his grammar are preserved, and it was printed by Somner in the 17th century. The second, or Anglo-Saxon, preface alludes to his homilies, and therefore must have been written after he left Winchester. 2. The Glossary of Latin words most commonly used in conversation, (for which purpose it was intended,) which is generally found in the same manuscripts with the Grammar, was also published by Somner. 3. The Colloquium, or conversation in Latin, with an interlinear Saxon gloss, intended to further the same object as the Glossary, 4. We ought probably and forming a second book to it. to attribute to Alfric the Anglo-Saxon Manual of Astronomy, which occurs so frequently in early manuscripts. It is found in a large manuscript of Alfric's works in the Public Library of the University of Cambridge, and contains many of the characteristics of Alfric's writings, particularly his expressions of contempt for the "unlearned priests;" recently printed. 5. A collection of homilies, the greatest of all Alfric's works,) amounting in number to eighty, and written, as he acknowledges, at the suggestion of Ethelmer and Ethelward. 6. After this collection was completed, Alfric, at the request of Ethelward, compiled from the Latin another set of homilies, commemoative of the different saints revered by the Anglo-Saxon church, divided, like the former, into two books. A copy Algernon. The Royal Wanderer, &c.; a Tale, 1815. Alison, Archibald, 1757-1839, son of Andrew Alison, of Edinburgh, was matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford, in 1775. He was senior minister of the Episcopal Chapel, Cowgate, Edinburgh. In 1790 he published Essays on the Nature and Principles of Taste, which work has attained a wide celebrity. He gave to the world a number of sermons, 1809-15, also a Memoir of the Life and Writings of "Mr. Alison maintains that all beauty, or, at least, that all the Lord Woodhouslee. Trans. Ed. R. Soc. vii. 515, 1818. beauty of material objects, depends upon the associations that may and in this, which is the fundamental point of his theory, we con have connected them with the ordinary affections of our nature; ceive him to be no less clearly right, than he is convincing and judicious in the copious illustrations by which he has sought to establish its truth."-LORD JEFFREY. Dr. Dibdin extols Mr. Alison's style highly: "The beautiful and refined fancy, and melodious style of this well-chosen library." writer, render his works deserving of a conspicuous place in every "An excellent and highly-pleasing work on taste."-LOWNDES. Mr. Alison's sermons have been greatly commended: "These remind us more of the beautiful harangues of Fenelon, or of the celebrated Oraisons Funèbres of Bossuet, than of any British growth and manufacture. The beauty of the style and imagery is almost sure to attract the attention; and the mind must be dull and sullen indeed that offers a long resistance to the stronger courses.... We can hardly help envying the talent by which charms which form the grand characteristics of these eloquent dis Mr. Alison has clothed so much wisdom in so much beauty, and made us find in the same work the highest gratifications of taste. and the noblest lessons of virtue."-Edinburgh Review. Alison, R. A Plaine Confutation of a Treatise of Brownism, entitled A Description of the Visible Church, London, 1590. An Houre's Recreation in Musicke, apt for Instruments and Voyces, London, 1606. Alison, Sir Archibald, Bart., D.C.L., eldest son of the preceding, was b. at Kenley, Shropshire, Dec. 29, 1792, at which place his father was then vicar. He was educated in Edinburgh, where his father was then settled. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1814, and Alison, William Pulteney, M.D., political econothat and the following year he travelled on the Continent, mist, physician, and Professor of the Practice of Medicine and pub. his Travels in France; 2d ed., 1816, 8vo. He in the University of Edinburgh, is a younger brother of the was made Sheriff of Lanarkshire in 1828; Rector of Glas- historian, and, like him, highly conservative in his politics, gow Univ., 1851; created a baronet, 1852. He esta- but very popular with the opposite party, on account of blished a high reputation by his Principles of the Criminal the interest he has bestowed on the poor and suffering Law, Edin., 1832, and The Practice of the Criminal Law, classes. In connexion with this subject he has been led which have become standard authorities with the Scottish to the consideration of certain great national questions, bar His History of Europe from the Commencement of and, together with his brother, he has always opposed the the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bour-existing system of Poor Laws. bons, pub. in 10 vols. 8vo, 1839-42, established his reputation in Europe and America. The 8th Edinburgh ed.New Library Edition-was pub. 1849-51, 14 vols. 8vo, £10 108.; in r. 8vo, £21. 9th ed.,-People's Edition, 1853-55, 12 vols. p. 8vo, and Index vol., £2 118. It has been reprinted in Paris, Brussels, America, &c., and trans. into French, German, Hindostanee, and Arabic. Mr. Alison is a high Tory in polities, evidences of which fact will be found in his Essays, Political, Historical, &c., (originally pub. in Blackwood's Mag.,) 1850, 3 vols. 8vo. In 1840 he pub. Principles of Population, 2 vols. 8vo, in which he combats the theory of Malthus. is placed."-Lon. Spectator. "Mr. Alison takes a larger-perhaps a loftier-view of the subject of Population than all others. His work possesses a vast fund of matter and personal observation; and those who peruse the volumes will have their minds expanded by various and enlarged speculation and instructed by the new light in which existing information In 1847, he pub. a treatise on Free Trade and Fettered Currency, 8vo; and in the same year, The Life of the Duke of Marlborough; 2d ed, 1852, 8vo; 3d ed., 1855, 8vo. In 1852-57 he pub. vols. i.-vi. of the History of Europe from 1815-52. Of Sir Archibald's first historical work (17891815) we have many criticisms before us, but can afford room for brief extracts from two or three only. "It is, upon the whole, a valuable addition to European literature, evidently compiled with the utmost care: its narration, so far as we can judge, is not perverted by the slightest partiality. Its defects, or what we deem such, are matters partly of taste and partly of political opinion. Its merits are minuteness and honesty. qualities which may well excuse a faulty style, gross political prejudices, and a fondness for exaggerated and frothy declamation. . . . Whenever we have been led to compare the conflicting accounts of any important event in Mr. Alison's history. we have almost invariably found that his narrative steers judiciously be tween them and combines the most probable and consistent particulars contained in each. Mr. Alison's general style is not at tractive. It is not, however, at least in the narrative part of it, either feeble or displeasing. Its principal defect is the cumbrons and unwieldy construction of its sentences, which frequently causes them to appear slovenly and obscure, and sometimes renders their precise meaning doubtful."-Edin. Rev., 1xxvi. 1. "No work could have made such progress in national opinion without substantial qualities. Its vigour of research and its manliness of principle, its accurate knowledge and its animation of style, have been the grounds of its remarkable public favour, as they are the guarantees for its permanent popularity."-Blackw. Mag. "An accomplished civilian of our own has lately closed with an account of this final struggle (battle of Waterloo) a voluminous history, which has, we know, enjoyed in its progress a very high share of popularity. Agreeing as we do with many of Mr. Alison's political opinions, and approving the spirit of his moral reflections, we have no disposition to question the general merits of a work, &c. We may be pardoned for remarking, in general, that a writer of Mr. Alison's particular qualifications would have acted wisely in compressing the military narratives and disquisitions which abound in his volumes, and in abstaining from certain conclusions which, coming from him. possess, indeed, no other authority than that which his mere powers of language can invest them. but may be quoted by interested persons for their own purposes.— persons who would otherwise pay little attention to Mr. Alison or his work."-Lm. Quar. Rev., 1xx. 467. "The History of Europe during the French Revolution is by far the most remarkable historical work of the century."-For. Quar. Rev. Those who desire to pursue the subject still further are referred to Lon. Quar. Rev., vols. lxx., lxxii., lxxiii., lxxvi.; Edin. Rev., lxxvi.; Blackw. Mag., xlii., xlvi., xlviii., 1., lii.; Westm. Rev., xli., (by W. R. Gregg;) N. Amer. Rev., Ivi., (by F. Bowen ;) Dubl. Univ. Mag., viii., x., xi., xx.; Amer. Whig Rev., i. 341, (in which will be found strictures on his Toryism;) and other articles in various periodicals. Sir Archibald Alison's Life of John, Duke of Marlborough, with some Account of his Contemporaries and of the War of the Succession, must be read as a preface to his histories. Of the 2d ed. the author remarks, "In this edition, which will be considerably more than double the size of the first, the author has endeavoured to convert the military sketch which alone was attempted in the first edition into a more complete history, on the same plan in respect to de tail and reference to authority as his History of Europe. Νο pains have been spared in consulting the best authorities on the subject, both in Great Britain and on the Continent." Outlines of Physiology; 3d ed., Edin., 1839, 8vo; Outlines of Pathology and Practice of Medicine, 1848, 8voj Remarks on the Report on the Poor-Laws of Scotland, 1848, 8vo. "Every individual who cannot afford time to wade through the monstrous volumes of evidence which have been so digested, (by Dr. Alison,) and who feels interested in the subject, must acknow ledge himself deeply indebted to the performer of this disinte rested act of labour."-Scotsman. In a work published at Edinburgh in 1850, entitled A Dissertation on the Reclamation of Waste Lands, he fully examines the subject, and recommends the colonization of waste lands by paupers and criminals.-Men of the Time. Allam, Andrew, 1655-1685, born near Oxford, (at Garsingdon,) was a pupil of William Wildgoose, a teacher well known at that time. He took holy orders in 1680. He had a predilection for antiquarian pursuits; and besides assisting Anthony Wood in his Athens Oxon., he made additions to Notitia, (1684,) and to Helorius's Historical and Chronological Theatre, (pub. 1687.) He also wrote the Epistle prefixed to Dr. Cosin's Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ Politeia, &c., containing an account of the doctor's life; a translation of the Life of Iphicrates, Oxf., 1684. He projected a Notitia Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, or History of Cathedrals, but was prevented by death from completing his design.-Biog. Brit. Allamand. Unannealed Glass Vessels, Phil. Trans., 1745. Allan. Power of the C. Magistrate, &c., Edin., 1807. Allan, D. 1744-96, Plates illus. of Scottish Song. Allan, George, died 1800, an English antiquary of note, was an attorney at Darlington. He published number of works, and, among others, struck off the following at his private printing-press :-Collections relating to Sherburn Hospital, 1773; others for Greatham and St. Edmund's Hospital at Gateshead; A Sketch of the Life and Character of Bishop Trevor, 1776. Mr. Hutchinson's History of Durham was much aided by him. "Nor is it any discredit to Mr. Hutchinson's industry to say, that it proceeded under the guidance of Mr. Allan's judgment." Mr. Allan presented the Antiquarian Society of London with 26 quarto vols. of MS. relating chiefly to the University of Oxford. In the way from Darlington to Blackwell you pass the Grange long eminently distinguished as the seat of benevolence and the virtues."-Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Allan, George, 1768-1828, M.P. for Durham, son of the above, inherited his father's passion for literary pursuits. He was a contributor to that invaluable literary store-house, Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Allan, J. H. Pictorial Tour in the Mediterranean, Lon., 4to. Allan, R. 1. A Dictionary of the Ancient Languages of Scotland, Edin., 1804. 2. A Treatise on the Operation of Lithotomy, &c., Edin., 1808. 3. A System of Pathological and Operative Surgery, founded on Anatomy, 3 vols., 1819-24. Allan, Robert. Manual of Mineralogy, Lon., 8vo. Allan, Thomas. Works on Mineralogy, 1808-13. Allanson. Sermon on John xiii. 34, 1780. Allanson, J. A. Picturesque Representations of the Manners of the Russians, 3 vols. fol. Lond., 1813. Allardyce, A. Ad. respect. Bank of Eng., 1798-1801. Allason, J., D.D. Sermon on 2 Sam. xviii. 3, 1713. Allason, T. Pict. Views: Anti. of Pola., Lond., 1819. Allbut. Elements Useful Knowledge, &c., Lond., 1809. Allchin, R. Address to Young Persons on the Truth and Importance of Christianity, 1803. Alldridge, W. T. The Goldsmith's Repository, London, 1789. "A useful work."-LowNDES. Alle, T. Nar. rel. to Edward's Gangiæna, Lon., 1646. Allen, Jas., 1691-1747, first minister of Brookline Mass. 1. Thanksg. Sermon, 1722. 2. Discourse on Providence, 1727. 3. Doctrine of Merit exploded, &c., 1727. 4. A Fast Sermon, 1727. 5. Sermon to a Society of Young Men, 1731. 6. On the Death of Saml. Aspinwall, 1733. 7. Election Sermon, 1744. Allen, Jas., 1739-1808, Boston, Mass. Poems. Allen, J. Fisk. Practical Treatise on the Culture and Treatment of the Grape-Vine, 185.3, N.Y., 12mc; 3d ed., enlarged. Alleine, or Allein, Joseph, 1633-1688, an emi- ! nent Nonconformist minister, was b. at Devizes, Wiltshire, and entered Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1649. He was admitted scholar of Corpus Christi in 1651, and two years afterwards was elected to the chaplainship. So diligent was he in his studies, that he allowed himself but three hours' sleep, and often gave away his "commons" to save more time for his books. He accepted the post of assistant minister to Mr. Newton at Taunton, in 1655. He suffered greatly from imprisonment, and other annoyances, in consequence of his conscientious refusal to accept the Allen, John, 1476-1534, Archbishop of Dublin in the act of uniformity of 1662. He was “abundant in la- reign of Henry VII.; author of Epistola de Pallii Signibours," holy in his "walk and conversation," and exem-ficatione. De Consuetudinibus ac Statutis, &c., and some plary in all the relations of life. He published a number other treatises. of religious works, 1656-1674, the best known of which is An Alarm to Unconverted Sinners, 1672, of which 20,000 copies were sold. It appeared three years afterwards, under the title of A Sure Guide to Heaven, when 50,000 copies were disposed of. Since then it has run through many editions, and been the means, through the Divine blessing, of turning "many to righteousness." "A very awakening and judicious work."-BICKERSTETH. Alleine or Allein, Richard, 1611-1681, a Nonconformist minister, was of St. Alban's-hall, Oxford, and became Rector of Bateaube, Somersetshire. Like his namesake, the subject of the preceding article, he was noted for zeal in labours and piety in deportment. He published a number of religious works, of which the Vindicia Pietatis, or Vindication of Godliness from the imputations of Folly and Fancy, Lon., 1663, is still in considerable estimation. Allen. Farrier's Assistant, London, 1737. Allen. Specimina Iconographica, or Nature of Inventions and Experiments, Lon., 1730. Twenty-six sermons on important subjects, Lon., 1751. Allen, Anthony, d. 1754, collected a biographical account of the members of Eton College, and considerable materials for an English dictionary of obsolete words. Of the former, one copy was placed in King's, one in Eton College Library, and one by his will was to be given to Mr. Speaker Onslow, his patron.-Chalmers's Dict. Allen, B. Treatises on Mineral Waters, &c., Lon., 1689-1711. Allen, B. A Poem ins. to his Brit. Majesty, 1761. Allen, Charles. See ALEYN. Allen, Charles. Operator for the Teeth, Dubl., 1687. Allen, David O., D.D., b. Barre, Mass., grad. Union Coll., 1823; proceeded to India as a missionary of the American Board, 1827; returned to U.S., 1853. India, Ancient and Modern, 8vo, pp. 618; 2d ed., Bost., 1858. See a review in Lon. Athen., No. 1497, July 5, 1856. Contrib. extensively to journals in India and America. Allen, E. Argument resp. Island of Jersey, Lon., 1812. Allen, Edmond. See ALEN. Allen, Ethan, 1742-1789, a brigadier-general in the war of the American Revolution, b. in Roxbury, Conn. He pub. a number of controversial pampblets, a narrative of his observations during his captivity, and Allen's Theo'ogy, or The Oracle of Reason, 1786. "This last work was intended to ridicule the doctrins of Moses and the prophets. It would be unjust to bring against it the charge of having effected great mischief in the world; for few have had the patience to read it."-Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict. As might be expected of one silly enough to espouse the absurdities of infidelity, Mr. Allen held some very foolish opinions: viz. that man after death would transmigrate into beasts, birds, fishes, reptiles, &c.; and that he himself should live again in the form of a large white horse. Allen, F., Archd. of Middlesex. Sermons, Lon., 1739-51. Allen, G. Tables for Tolls and Freight, 1800. Allen, Ira, 1752 ?-1814, first Secretary of Vermont, was a brother of Ethan Allen. Natural and Political History of Verment, Lon., 1798. Statements applicable to the Olive Branch, Phila., 1807. Allen, John. Judicial Astrologers, &c., Lon., 1659 Allen, John. Ser. on Perjury, Lev. xix. 12, 1682. Allen, John, M.D. Synopsis Medicine; or a Sunmary View of the whole Practice of Physick, Lon., 1719. Printed in Paris, 1728; Amsterdam, 1730. Allen, John. Sermon on Ps. cxxxiii. 1, 1725. On Tit. ii. 15, 1740. Allen, John. 1730. Narrative of New Inventions, Lon., Allen, John. Sermons, 1740-56. Allen, John, Vice Principal of St. Mary Magd. Hall Oxford. Pub. various sermons, 1758-73. Allen, John. Spiritual Magazine, or the Christian's Grand Treasure, 1752. A new edit. with preface by Ro maine, Lon., 1810, 3 vols. Allen, John, a learned dissenting layman, the author of several religious works, and of excellent translations of Calvin's Institutes, and Outram on Sacrifice, &c. Mr. Allen is best known by Modern Judaism, or a Brief Account of the Opinions, Rites, and Ceremonies of the | Jews in Modern Times, Lon., 1817. "This is the best work on modern Judaism in our language. The various topics mentioned in the title are treated very judiciously, and passages of Scripture are occasionally illustrated."-Orme. "Useful information."-BICKERSTETH. "The various traditions, &c. received and adopted by the modern Jews (that is, by those who lived during and subsequently to the time of Jesus Christ) are fully and perspicuously treated in this well-executed volume, which illustrates various passages in the New Testament with great felicity."-T. H. HORNE. Allen, John, M.D., 1770-1843, b. Colinton, near Edinburgh. 1. Illustrations of Mr. Hume's Essay concerning Liberty and Necessity, in answer to Dr. Gregory, 2. Trans. Cuvier's of Edinburgh, by a Necessitarian. 3. Inquiry Study of the Animal Economy, Edin., 1801. into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative in England, 1830. A valuable constitutional work. A new ed., with the author's revisions, was published after his Contrib. extensively to Edin. Rev., chiefly on death. subjects connected with the British Constitution and with French and Spanish history. Forty-one articles in that periodical are attributed to him, the principal of which are Regency Question, 1811; Constitution of Parliament, 1816; Review of Lingard's England; Church Rates, 1839, &c.; Hist. of Europe in the Annual Register for See Lord 1806; and a Biog. Sketch of Mr. Fox, 1820. Brougham's Hist. Sketches, pp. 342-348, Third Series. Allen, John, 1596-1671, first minister of Dedham, Mass., born in England, driven thence by persecution. Mr. Cotton speaks of him with respect in his preface to Norton's Answer to Apollonius. He pub. a Defence of the Nine Positions, in which, with Mr. Shepard of Cambridge, he discusses the points of Church Discipline, and a defence of the Synod of 1662, against Mr. Chauncy, under the title of Animadversions upon the Antisynodalia, 4to, 1664. (In N. England Library.) His last two sermons were pub. after his death.-Magnal. iii. 132, Prentiss's fun. serm. on Haren. Allen, Jos. Evil Communications, 1 Cor. xv. 33, 1712. Allen, Joseph, R.N. 1. Battles of the British Navy; new ed., revised and enlarged, Lon., 2 vols. p. 8vo, 1852. 2. Navigation-Laws of Great Britain, 8vo. Allen, Jos. H. Discourses on Orthodoxy, Bost., 12mo. Allen, Joshua. On James ii. 10, 1730. The Trinity, &c., 1751. Allen, Lydia. Experimental Christianity, &c., 2d ed., greatly enlarged, Lon., 1741. Allen, Otis. Duties and Liabilities of Sheriffs, re. vised and enlarged, Albany, 1845, 8vo. See 5 Am. Law Mag., 456. Allen, Paul, 1775-1826, was born at Providence, R. I. He graduated at Brown University in 1796. He was a contributor to the Phila. Port Folio, the United States Gazette, and The Portico, (associated with Pierpont and Neal.) He was also an editor of the Federal Republican at Baltimore, of the Journal of the Times, and of the Morning Chronicle. He was employed to prepare for the press the travels of Lewis and Clarke. He had long promised a History of the American Revolution, and a large subscription had been secured. It at last appeared in his name, but was written by John Neal and Mr. Watkin. His principal poem has been commended as possessing "simplicity and feeling." He published Original Poems, Serious and Entertaining, 1801.-Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict. His poem of Noah was pub. 1821, in 5 cantos: it originally consisted of 25; but, having been placed in the hands of Mr. Neal for revision, he judiciously reduced it to its present dimensions. Allen, R. 1. Doctrine of the Gospel, 1606. 2. On Proverbs, 1612. Allen, R. 1. Singing of Psalms, 1696. 2. Sermons, 1675-1702. Allen, R. Great Importance of Havannah, Lon., 1712-62. Allen, or Alleine, Richard. An Antidote against Heresy, Lon., 1648. Allen, Robt. Christian Beneficence, Lon., 1660. Allen, Robert. 1. Forms of Wills, Lon., 12mo. 2. Prac. Com. Law Courts, 1841, 12mo. 3. Insolvent Debtors' Court, 1839, 12mo. Allen, T. Expedient rel. to Ch. of England, 1 Pet. v. 1-4, 1719. 4to. Allen, Thomas. 1. History and Antiquities of the Parish and Palace of Lambeth, Lon., 1824-27, 8vo, and also 4to. 2. History and Antiquities of London, &c., 1827 -29, 5 vols. 8vo. 3. History of the County of York, 1829, 6 vols. 8vo. 4. History of the County of Lincoln, 2 vols. 5. History of the County of Surrey, 8vo. 6. History of the Counties of Surrey and Sussex, 2 vols. 8vo. Allen, Sir T. A work rel. to the Pirates of Algiers, 1670. Allen, or Alleyn,Thos., 1542-1632, celebrated for his knowledge of mathematics and astrology, was one of the most noted men of his day. He wrote, 1. Claudii Ptolemei Pelusiensis de Astrorum judiciis aut, ut vulgo vocant, quadripartitæ constructionis, Liber secundus, cum Expositione. Th. Alleyn Angli Oxoniensis. 2. Ejusdem Lib. Tertius. These works in MS. fell into the hands of Lilly, who gave them, in 1652, to Elias Ashmole. He likewise wrote notes on many of Lilly's books, and some on John Bale's book, De Scriptoribus Maj. Britanniæ. He was born at Uttoxeter, in Staffordshire, being descended, through six generations, from Henry Allen, or Alan, Lord of the Manor of Buckenhall. "In 1561, he was admitted scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, and in 1563, Master of Arts. . . . Being thus accomplished with various sorts of learning, he was several times invited to the houses of princes and noblemen, not only of his nation, but of others. Robert, Earl of Leicester, had a particular esteem for Mr. Allen. It is certain the earl placed such confidence in Mr. Allen, that nothing material in the state was transacted without his knowledge. He was also highly respected by other famous men of his time, as Sir Thomas Bodley, Sir Henry Saville. Mr. Camden, Sir Robt. Cotton, Sir Henry Spelman, Mr. Selden, &c."-Biog. Brit. Allen, Thos., 1572-1636, a clergyman, and literary friend of Sir Henry Saville, was probationer fellow of Merton College, Oxf. Observationes in Libellum Chrysostomi in Esaiam. "He entered into the sacred function, but instead of frequent preaching, he exercised himself much in crabbed and critical learning. He was one that helped Sir H. Saville in making and framing his Annotations on Chrysostome's Homilies, on Matthew and the other Evangelists, as he doth acknowledge in his preface to the said Annotations, wherein he styles this our author Vir doctrissimus, Græcorum literarum non minus quam Theologiæ peritissimus, &c."-ANTHONY WOOD. Allen, Thos. The Excellency of the Royal Hands' Handy Work, Lon., 1665. Allen, Thos., 1608-1673, a Nonconformist minister, born and stationed at Norwich. In 1636, Bishop Wren silenced him for refusing to read the disgraceful Book of Sports. Chain of Scripture Chronology, from the Creation to the Death of Christ in seven periods, Lon., 1639. Preface to Shepard's work on Liturgies. The Glory of Christ, &c. Allen, or Allein, or Alleine, Thos., 1682?-1755, died while reading prayers in his church, at Kettering, Northamp. The Practice of a Holy Life, &c., Lon., 1716. The Christian's Sure Guide to Eternal Life: both translated into the Russian language. He wrote a number of other works. Allen, Thos., 1743-1810, first minister of Pittsfield, Mass. 1. Sermon on the death of Elizabeth White; 1798. 2. On the death of Moses Allen; 1801. 3. On the death of Anna Collins; 1803. 4. On the death of his son, Thos. Allen, Jr.; 1806. 5. Election Sermon; 1808. Some of his letters were published in Edin. Miss. Mag. for Oct., Nov., and Dec., 1799. Allen, Thos., M.D. History and Description of a Hermaphrodite, in a Latin letter, Phil. Trans. Abr. i. 223, 1668. Allen, W., D.D. Religious works, Lon., 1673-1703. Allen, Wm. A Glass of Justification, Lon., 1658, 1660. A Relation of the Gratious Release of Mrs. Huish from the Tempter, Lon., 1658. Allen, Wm. Under this name was published in 1659, the celebrated tract entitled, Killing no Murder, with some additions fit for Public View, to deter and prevent Single Persons and Councils from Usurping Supreme Power. This tract has been attributed both to Colonel Silas Titus and to Colonel Sexby. It invited all patriots to assassination, proclaiming that the greatest benefit any Englishman could render his country would be to murder Cromwell. A copy was thrown into the Protector's coach, and it is said that he afterwards always carried loaded pistols, and never knew another moment's peace. Allen, Wm. Ways and Means, &c., Value of Land, Lon., 1736. Allen, Wm. Ascension Sermon, Ex. xx. 16, 1743. Allen, Wm., pub. an edition of the Twelve Orations by which Demosthenes endeavoured to animate the Athenians with the spirit of liberty. "This edition (1757) is allowed to possess much merit."— Watt's Bib. Brit. Allen, Wm., 1770-1843, a distinguished member of the Society of Friends, elected Fellow Roy. Soc., 1807, and contrib. many valuable papers to the Society's Phil. Trans., being the results of his more important chemical investigations. See Life and Corresp., Lon., 3 vols. 8vo; Memoir by Jas. Sherman, new ed., p. 8vo, 1857; Pharmaceutical Jour. and Trans., Feb. 1844. Allen, William, D.D., b. Jan. 2, 1784, at Pittsfield, Mass., son of Rev. Thos. Allen, first minister of Pittsfield, (q. v.); grad. at Harvard Coll., 1802; was Pres. of Bowdoin Coll., 1820-39, at which time he resigned. He was successor of Dr. Channing as a Regent in Harvard Coll. While in that office he prepared the first edition of his American Biographical and Historical Dictionary, pub. 1809, containing notices of about 700 Americans. This was the first book of general biography issued in the U.S.; 2d ed., 1832, contained more than 1800 names; 3d ed., Bost., 1857, r. 8vo, contains the names of 7000 Americans more or less distinguished. In 1807 he prepared the lives of American ministers for the Rev. David Bogue's History of Dissenters, Lon., 1809, 3 vols. 8vo; 1812, 4 vols. 8vo. He made a collection of more than 10,000 words not found in the dictionaries of the English language, 1500 being contributed to Worcester's Dictionary in 1846, 4000 to Webster's in 1854, and 6000 for the projected new ed. of Webster. Baccalaureate Addresses, 1823-29. Junius Unmasked, to prove that Lord Sackville was the real Junius, Bost., 1828, 12mo: see JUNIUS. Accounts of Shipwrecks; Psalms and Hymns, with many Original Hymns, 1835. Historical Discourse on Memoir of John Codman, 1853. the Fortieth Anniversary of the Second Church in Dorchester, 1848. Discourse at the Close of the Second Century of the Settlement of Northampton, Mass., 1854. Wunnissoo, or The Vale Hoosatunnuk; a Poem, with learned Notes, 1856. He is the author of the biographical articles, in Dr. Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, on John Wise, John Graham, Eleazer Wheelock, and Thomas Allen. We are indebted to Dr. Allen's Biographical Dict. for many facts relating to the early American authors. See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc., vol. i. Allen, Wm. Views of the River Niger, Lon., ob. 4to. Views in the Island of Ascension, imp. 4to. Dead Sea: a New Route to India, 2 vols. cr. 8vo, 1855. In conjunction with Mr. Thompson, Expedition to the Niger, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. Allen, Wm. Minutes for Gent. Yeomanry, Lon., 1798. Allen, Wm. Chem. Con. to Phil. Trans., &c., 1807-9. Allen, Wm. Grammatical works, Lon., 1813-15. Allen, Wm. See ALAN, W. Allen, Z., b. 1796, at Providence, R. I. Science of Mechanics, 1829, 8vo. Travels in Europe, 2 vols. 8vo. Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature, 1852, 8vo. Allestree, Chas. Sermons, Judg. v. 31; Num. xxiii. 10, 1685-95. Allestree, Richard, D.D., 1619-1681, was Provost of Eton, and Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford. Privileges of the University of Oxford, &c., 1647. Sermons pub. 1660, 66, 73, and 84. 18 Sermons, 1669; 40 Sermons before the King, &c., 1684. Dr. Pri deaux was of opinion that the books |