gem of Britain and the Palladium of Israel. "The altars of ancient Ireland were called Botal or Bothal, meaning Houses of God [Bethel!]." (Vallency.) This topic likewise is a Study by itself, and to that end we reserve it.

30. Israel's national heraldry must be the "Lion" and the "Unicorn," and the "Bullock." These pertain to Ephraim-Israel particularly. The former are on the Arms of Great Britain, and the latter is the great characteristic of "John Bull" (Num. xxiv. 8, 9; xxiii. 22, 24). With Manasseh (the United States) as the eldest son of Joseph, and as "Brother Jonathan," we find his father's "Olive-branch" which ran oVER the wall, and innumerable other references to special tribal symbols, particularly the "Eagle," whose enumeration we must reserve for want of present space.

31. Israel is to be called in Isaac's name (Gen. xxi. 12; Rom. ix. 7; Heb. xi. 18). And so they are; the word Suxon being directly derived from I-Sakai-Sunnia, Saac-Suna, Sacsuna, Sacsones, etc., or Sons of Saac. Before leaving Samaria they were called in "Isaac's" name (Amos vii. 9, 16) in contradistinction to the "Jews," who preferred to refer to "Jacob."

We shall treat this single Identity at somewhat greater length. We do so because of its special interest and importance, and because as it is the one for which at first glance proof seems less likely to be forthcoming, so upon study it is found to be one which rests upon the most indubitable evidence. The derivation of this racial name from Isaac is direct, and not at all dependent upon a merely fanciful and modern question of euphony and similarity of sound.

It was directly promised that the seed of empire sown in Israel should in due time be called into power in the name of Isaac. Now this has come to be abso

lutely true, and it is marvellous in our eyes. Not only are the Anglo-Saxon descendants of Israel "called" or summoned into the new covenant under the name of that Patriarch (Isaac) who in particular was the type of Christ from whom they obtained their "new" spiritual name "Christian," but in a marked literal and explicit sense they are named I-saac-sons, or Saxons, for him.

After the first division of this Hebrew family, though not immediately, it was, in the course of the history of the two kingdoms, decreed by God that the blessings enumerated in Deut. xxviii. should be vested in Israel, and the curses named in the same chapter should be vested in Judah. Thus the preponderating portion of the family, consisting of eleven out of the thirteen tribes, were called by God to be his chosen people, and to inherit all the blessings promised. The section so blessed was to be called or named in Isaac. It would be impossible, God's word being true, to identify this people unless in some way they were named in Isaac. No other nation upon the earth was to bear the name but this branch of the family. "In Isaac shall thy seed be called" (Gen. xxi. 12). The evidence that we are this blessed Israel is most clearly given by our being named or called SAXONS.

Saxon comes from the Hebrew "Saac," which is nothing more than Isaac, the prefix in the letter I being dropped, according to a very common custom of the Israelites, to allow the introduction of an affix, in this case on, rendering it Saxon, meaning the "Son of Isaac." So that by calling ourselves Saxons, we are acknowledging ourselves to be the sons of Isaac, and complying with scripture by being called under another name. (Isa. lxv. 15; Gen. xxi. 12; Amos vii. 16; Romans ix. 7; Hebrews xi, 18.)

The dictionaries generally derive the word Saxon from Seaxa, Seaxe, or Seaxan-ultimately arriving at the Anglo-Saxon root Seax-a short sword or dagger, and note that it was the distinctive weapon carried by the Saxons. If the makers of dictionaries were always historians they would not have fallen into this error. The short sword was not the distinctive weapon of the Saxons. They were shooters, not thrusters; and short swords, designated by no root-sound like the above, antedate by centuries the appearance of the Saxons on the stage of history. It is, moreover, far more probable that if the name Seax is generic to this race of people, it was derived from the redoubtable name of the people themselves, who at close quarters sometimes used it terribly upon their enemies, than that, by so extravagant an inversion, it suggested to Saxons a name by which they called themselves! This idea is well expressed by John Pym Yeatman in his exhaustive work on our "Shemitic Origin," as follows: "All German writers, after their manner of putting the cart before the horse, assert that the Saxons were so called from using the Seax; so the axe from the Axions, the same people!" But as shooting was distinctively the warlike property of all the Northern races, and the handling of the short sword, or dagger, strictly Southern and Latin, so, to-day, these distinctions are inherited by the very descendants that inhabit these geographical divisions. The Scythians, in particular, were such famous shooters of the bow and arrow, and all kinds of darts, that the very word to shoot, Scythan, is derived from their name. So, too, the scythe was the implement of the people, though not by any means an origin of their name; in all these cases rather is it vice versa-they give the name ! Now the Saxons are, by all historians, admitted to have

been the dominant family in the Scythian race, and there are weighty arguments, that would fill volumes, showing that perhaps the word Saxon is older than Scythian and led directly to it. The sickle was the forerunner of the scythe, and shows how the K sound may be dropped, and so the general family name Scythan may perhaps be derived from Saxon itself, in some of its infinite varieties; for the letter K is often found changed to C and frequently into X. In the mouths of the Germans, who cannot pronounce th, Scythian becomes Syssan, and the Netherlander calls Saxon, Saisen. But the Saxons did not go to Germany to obtain their name,—they are called Saxons and Scythians centuries before the first European German was ever heard of. Herodotus says "the Persians call all the Scythians Sacæ;" sayi and Scythopolis has been traced to Sikytopolis (city of Siccuth), a corruption of Succoth, or Scothoth, the city of the Scots, Scyths, Sacs, or Wanderers, i.e. dwellers in booths.

With regard to the etymology of the word Saxon, Yeatman finally says: "Its history is as follows: The Persians used the terms Sacæ and Scythian as convertible, whether from a corrupt rendering of one from the other or because the Sacæ, a great tribe of Scythians bordering upon them, were so called by a tribal name (a great question which Persian scholars must determine). Of the fact of the identity of the Sace and the Scythians there is not the shadow of a doubt, and it is clear that these people called their country Sacasena. It is equally clear that the Saxons of England were the Scythians or Celte-Scythians. Their geographical position in Europe is accurately described by Plutarch, Tacitus, Ptolemy, and other authors." Finally, in thi argument, as the Celts are the Kelts, or Kumbri, of all historians of our day, and their origin Sacasena, or as

they are the Beth Kymri, whom Shalmaneser put in Media, and as these were "the Lost Tribes" whom the Biblical historian sent out of Samaria for Baal- (Cumrium-) worship, it follows that these Scythians as Saxons are none other than a people no longer called in Israel's name but by the elder name of Isaac as the Lord ordained.

In most of the Eastern languages "sons of" is written "sunnia." It is equivalent to the Scottish "Mac" and the English and Irish "Fitz"-MacDonald, son of Donald; Fitz Henry, son of Henry. So in the distant home of our ancestors Saac-Sunnia meant sons of Saac or sons of Isaac. Stambul is formed of Istambul by dropping the prefix I, and so the Saxon is a direct descendant of our father Isaac. Dr. W. Holt Yates accepts this derivation of the Saxon name as positive, and the Rev. W. H. Poole, D.D., says in connection with it as follows: "It is a little curious to glean from the ancient nations and from the stone monuments of the early times the various forms in which this word is to be found. I will here insert a few from a list of my own gleaned from ancient history, thus: Sons of Isaac, Sons of Saac, Saac-Sunnia, Saac-Suna, Saac-Sena, Sacapena, Esakska, Saca-Amyrqui, Beth-Sakai, SunniaSakai, Sakai-Suna, Saca-Suna, Sacæ-Sunnæ, Sackasina, Sachka-Sunnia, Saca-cine, Saka-Suna, Sacas-Sani, SakasSæni, Saxi-Suna, Sach-Suni, Sachi, Sacha, Sakah, Saachus, Saacus, Sacho, Saxo, Saxoi, Saxonia, Saxones, Saxæ, Sachsen, Sacksen, Saxe-sen, Saxone, Saxony, Saxon."

From the "Asiatic Researches," Dr. Moore quotes in his work, "The Saxons of the East and of the West": "We are interested to learn that the White Island in the west (England) was in India denominated Sacana, from the Sacas, or Sacs, who conquered that island