carry on researches, teach and have libraries. Research institutions, schools and libraries, all have museums.

The great museums are making admission free and are supported, as are schools and libraries, by taxes from all, or by gifts from successful business men who realize their value.

Dime museums are being forgotten. Collections of abnormal and ugly two-headed calves and three-legged chickens are of less interest and use than undeformed thoroughbreds which are of use and beauty. People have learned that truth is more wonderful and of more social service than charlatanism, and that truth welcomes investigation.

THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF ALL MUSEUMS

All knowledge is the result of research, so that research is one of the most important services to education that a museum can accomplish. The little child is a true scientist. By tasting everything he learns what is poison; by feeling fire he learns that it burns. After knowledge is thus obtained by investigation, it may be taught to all by such means as scientific reports, exhibits, lectures, encyclopedia text-books, popular guide books, magazines and newspapers, either in or out of schools, libraries and museums. No one knows who discovered how to make fire, but we learn how rather than discover how. So the older child in school loses much of his scientific method and depends more on memorizing the discoveries of others.

The research of the past produced the knowledge we learn and use to-day, but research is still going on. So all museum teaching work is based upon research. Some museums are

limited to research work and in museums recreation may be derived from seeing and learning of natural and beautiful objects.

MANY KINDS OF MUSEUMS

We have possibilities of many kinds of museums, such as scientific or research museums, university museums, school museums, children's museums, kindergarten museums, public museums, recreation, tourist or vacation museums, farmers' museums, commercial museums, museums of safety devices, museums for the blind, and art museums, while zoological and botanical gardens are kindred institutions-living or out-ofdoor museums. We have museums dealing with specimens from the whole world, others able only to deal well with specimens from one country, province, county or local area. Also there are national museums supported by nations, museums supported by provinces, cities and societies.

SCIENTIFIC OR RESEARCH MUSEUMS

Museums devoted solely to scientific work send out exploring expeditions, store specimens to be used for research, carry on scientific investigations, and publish the results. To get some scientific material by means of which new knowledge is found out and by means of which this knowledge is diffused to all the world, hardy men must penetrate into the uttermost wilds of the earth, endure the bitter cold of the Arctic and the dangers of the tropical forest. In the past some scientific museums degenerated into dusty garbage heaps, and research work was neglected in a stampede for "popularization" which was not even interpretation.

UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS

University museums give opportunity for professors and students to do scientific research work and supply labeled specimens, casts, models and maps to illustrate the courses of study, just as the university library supplies literature.

SCHOOL MUSEUMS

School museums not only teach by exhibiting labeled specimens that illustrate the subjects in the text-books, such as lava mentioned in the geography, and cotton bolls mentioned in botany; but they also give each student a chance to do research work, or to observe, draw conclusions and think for himself, rather than merely to memorize what his teacher tells him or what is in some text-book. Thus early in life he may have actual practise and become proficient in what he needs to do all through life.

CHILDREN'S MUSEUMS

Children's museums are similar to school museums, but are not so intimately connected with school studies and are of more general interest. They usually maintain many lecture courses illustrated with beautiful lantern pictures. Museums have so interested children in this method of study that they have to exclude children during school hours to keep them from running away from school.

KINDERGARTEN MUSEUMS

Kindergarten museums are, as might be supposed, children's museums of very elementary character. Some other museums provide a trained kindergartner to assist children in

studying specimens. Others have so many children visitors as to require a staff of kindergartners.

PUBLIC MUSEUMS

Public museums, as the name indicates, are of material so arranged as to interest the general public rather than the scientist or the school child. They aim to provide recreation. It is now understood that education does not cease at graduation, but continues throughout life, and so exhibits of an educational character are provided that are of broad, world-wide, general interest to adults as well as to children and scientists. In other words, they are like school museums adapted to older people. Then, too, it is known that to learn of beautiful and interesting things outside of the day's work is recreation, and, conversely, that recreation may attract the people to exhibits and that, once attracted, they may be taught much that will be useful to them.

RECREATION, TOURIST OR VACATION MUSEUMS

Recreation or tourist museums aim to give recreation and to rest tired minds by directing attention in new channels and are

usually devoted to the area where they are located as supplementary to the out-door tourist attractions.

FARMERS' MUSEUMS

Farmers' museums are not yet well evolved. Possibly they will use specimens of various kinds of soil, with labels telling what crops will grow best therein. They may need samples of seeds. I have known of a farmer disgusted with his crop of seed because he had never before seen just that kind of seed in its hull and thought it was shrivelled when in reality it was excellent. Farmers' museums will probably have specimens of the eggs, the young in various stages and the adults of the chief insects which do damage to crops and with specimens showing the damage which they do to crops, together with labels telling how to get rid of such pests. The labels may tell the great total money value of the annual loss to the crops. If the museum can not afford specimens of each breed, sex and age of cattle, horses, sheep, poultry and the like, it may at least have good pictures with labels indicating the points of excellence to be arrived at in breeding. There may also be exhibits of the bones of the domestic animals with perhaps pictures of diseased conditions, and labels telling how to cure them.

VAST NUMBERS OF PUBLICATIONS ARE ISSUED BY SCIENTIFIC MUSEUMS. The Geological Survey Museum, Canada, sends a copy of each publication to every Canadian library and newspaper and to many Canadians. It also sends to many institutions and persons in other countries, and still has a reserve stock for future use.