reached their line, filed to the right and left in order to receive them. By this movement they left a void in their centre, towards which the Arcadian targeteers, supported by the nearest columns, advanced with rapidity, and soon gained the summit. They could thus fight on equal terms with the Barbarians, who, thinking they had lost all when they lost the advantage of the ground, no longer offered resistance, but fled on every side with disordered trepidation, leaving the Greeks masters of the field of battle, as well as of the numerous villages in that neighbourhood, and within two days' march of the Euxine sea, without any other enemy to oppose their long-disputed passage thither.

By the shores of the Euxine there then flourished the powerful Greek colony whose head-quarters were the wealthy city of Sinope. It possessed convenient harbours on either side of the isthmus. The peninsula was surrounded by sharp rocks, which rendered it inaccessible to an enemy; and the sea abounded with the tunny-fish, which flow in shoals from the Palus Mæotis, where they are supposed to be bred, to the Euxine and Propontis.

Such multiplied advantages rendered the Sinopians populous and powerful. They diffused their colonies to the east and west. It is not improbable that they founded Heraclea, on the frontier of Bithynia; and it is certain that they built Cotyora in the territory of the Tybarenians, Cerasus in that of the Mysonæcians, and Trapezus in that of the Drillians.

their wants, and treated them with all that endearing yet respectful hospitality of kinsmen, who commiserated their sufferings and admired their virtue. The Grecians, on their part, displayed a very just and becoming sense of the evils which they had escaped, and of their actual security. In the fervour of religious gratitude they paid the solemn vows and sacrifices which they had promised to perform in the midst of their perils.

They remained here for some time, till provisions began to fail them. This circumstance rendered it necessary for them to think of leaving Trebizond; on which account an assembly was convened to fix the day of their departure, and to regulate the mode and plan of their future journey.

In this important deliberation the soldiers very generally embraced the opinion of Antileon of Thuria, who told them that, for his part, he was already tired with packing up his baggage, marching, running, mounting guard, and fighting, and now wished, after all his labours, to perform the remainder of the journey like Ulysses, and, stretched out at his ease, to be carried asleep into Greece. That this pleasing proposal might be put in execution, Cheirisophus sailed to the Hellespont, hoping to obtain ships from Anaxibius, who commanded the Spartan fleet in that sea. But in case such a request could not be conveniently granted, the soldiers determined to demand a few ships of war from the inhabitants of Trebizond, with which they intended to put to sea, and to capture whatever merchantmen they could meet with in the Euxine, in order to employ them as transports. They were successful in this, and passed next, with the aged and infirm, by sea to

The colony of Cerasus, or Cerazunt, was delightfully situated near the sea, among hills of easy ascent, covered in every age with whole woods of cherrytrees, from which, in all probability, the

place derived its name. From thence the voluptuous Lucullus, in the six hundred and eightieth year of Rome, first brought into Italy this delicious fruit, which ancient naturalists scarcely believed capable of thriving in an Italian sky; but which actually adorns the bleakest and most northern regions of our own island. At Cerasus the Greeks remained ten days, disposing of their booty, supplying their wants, and reviewing the army, which still amounted to eight thousand six hundred men, the rest having perished by fatigue, war, cold, and sickness.

After this necessary delay, the less active portion again embarked, while the vigorous youth pursued their journey through the romantic country of the Mosynæcians; a barbarous yet powerful tribe, who received their singular denomination from the wooden houses, or rather towers, which they inhabited; and which, either by chance or design, were scattered in such a manner among the hills and valleys, that at the distance of eight miles the villages could hear

and alarm each other. The army next proceeded through the dark and narrow district of the Chalybeans, who subsisted by the working of iron; and whose toilsome labours, rugged mountains, and more rugged manners, must have formed a striking contrast with the smiling plains, the pastoral life, the innocent and hospitable character of their Tybarenian neighbours; who treated the Greeks with every mark of friendship and respect, and conducted them, with attentive civility, to the city of Cotyora.

Here the Greeks were fairly among people of their own nationality, and here we may bring the story of that famous march to a close. Some returned at once to Greece; others took service with Seuthes, a Thracian adventurer; others dispersed themselves among the Greek colonies. The wondrous exploit, so creditable to the courage and endurance of the Greeks, was accomplished, and the famous band separated, never to meet again and together endure the dangers of warfare.

opposition, on the Asiatic coast; the Persians, though long ago apprised of the intended invasion, having totally neglected the defence of their western frontier.

In

The causes of this negligence resulted in some degree, perhaps, from the character of the prince, but still more from that of the nation. Codomannus had been raised by assassinations and intrigues to the throne of Persia about the same time that Alexander succeeded his father Philip. The first year of his reign had been employed in stifling domestic rebellion, in securing, and afterwards in displaying, the fruits of victory. This prince assumed the appellation of Darius, but could not recall the principles or manners which distinguished his countrymen during the reign of the first monarch of that name. the space of about two hundred and thirty years, the Persians had been continually degenerating from the virtues which characterise a poor and warlike nation, without acquiring any of those arts and improvements which usually attend peace and opulence. Their empire, as extended by Darius Hystaspes, still embraced the most valuable portion of Asia and Africa. The revenue paid in money was still estimated, as during the reign of that monarch, at fourteen thousand five hundred and sixty Eubocic talents. Immense treasures had been accumulated in Damascus, Arbela, Susa, Persepolis, Ecbatan, and other great cities of the empire. But there was no real strength in the empire, and when the two forces met-enormous as the Persian army was-it was not very difficult to say which side would have the victory. The Persians were strongly posted on the eastern bank of the river Granicus, a river in Asia Minor.

The scouts of Alexander having brought him intelligence of the enemy's design, he immediately advanced to give them battle. The phalanx marched by its flank in a double line, the cavalry on

the wings, the waggons and baggage in the rear. The advanced guard, consisting of horsemen armed with pikes, and five hundred light infantry, the whole commanded by Hegelochus, were detached to examine the fords of the Granicus, and to observe the disposition. of the enemy. They returned with great celerity, to acquaint Alexander that the Persians were advantageously posted on the opposite bank, their horse amounting to twenty thousand, and their foreign. mercenaries, drawn up on the slope of a rising ground, behind the cavalry, scarcely less numerous. scarcely less numerous. Notwithstanding this alarming intelligence, the young prince determined to pass the river.

Animated by the hope of soon closing with the enemy, he disdained to employ his military engines. The balistas and catapults, by which, in a similar situation, he had repelled the Taulantii, were rejected as tedious or ineffectual. Alexander distributed his orders; a dreadful silence ensued; the hostile armies beheld each other with resentment or terror. This solemn pause was interrupted by the Macedonian trumpet, which, on a signal given by Alexander, resounded from every part of the line. His brother Ptolemy, as had been previously regulated, then rode forth at the head of a squadron of cuirassiers, followed by two bodies of light dragoons, and a battalion of infantry commanded by Amyntas. While these troops boldly entered the Granicus, Alexander likewise advanced with the chosen cavalry on the right wing, followed by the archers and Agrians. In passing the river, both Alexander and Ptolemy led their troops obliquely down the current, to prevent, as much as possible, the Persians from attacking them in flank, as they successively reached the shore. The Persian cavalry behaved with courage; the first squadrons of the Macedonians were driven back into the stream. But Alexander, who animated the companions with his voice and arm, maintained his ground