nowhere, except in France, were the smallest traces of their guilt pretended to be found. England sent on ample testimony of their piety and morals; but as the order was now annihilated, the knights were distributed into several convents, and their possessions were, by command of the pope, transferred to the order of St. John.

From the order of St. John, the buildings now known as the Inner Temple and Middle Temple passed to certain students of law, and from this these two powerful bodies took their rise. Their arms still remind us of their origin.

The Inner Temple has for its coat a winged horse, the Middle Temple a lamb. These were the devices of the old orders; but are they quite appropriate, says a satirical poet, to the lawyers?

Their clients may infer from thence
How just is their profession,
The lamb sets forth their innocence,
The horse their expedition.

Let us hope-satire notwithstandingthat the badges of the two Honourable Societies do represent in truth their real character.

E present our readers in this article with a picture of the life of a University student in times before the Reformation. It is compiled from "a certain brief order of life for the poor scholars, presbyters, and regents of the college of St. Leonard's." As it gives a pretty clear insight into the internal discipline of the old Scotch college before the Reformation, it is worth our while to examine it. "The heads of the establishment were to certify to the Prior regarding every student desirous of admittance into the college, that he was well versed in the first and second parts of grammar, enslaved by no vice, poor in his circumstances, correct in his morals, a good writer and singer.' His age was not to be less than fifteen or more than twenty-one. Here follows some provision as to religious exercises, after which come regulations as to the inter

nal economy of the college. At 7 A.M., a morning lecture was read by the Principal and one of the Regents, and thrice in the week after dinner-the lighter exercise nicely suited to the time of the day-a lecture on grammar, poetry, or oratory, or one of the books of Solomon. But Sunday was to be left open pro disputationibus.' Before obtaining his degree, each student was to be perfect in logic, physic, philosophy, metaphysics, and ethics,' and in one at least of the books of Solomon. All except the cook and the cook's assistant were to converse in Latin, and when retiring time came, no one was to speak at all, lest he should disturb those who were sleeping around him. At 8 o'clock in the morning every student received four ounces of bread; dinner was at half-past eleven, when eight ounces of bread and a choppin of good drink were served out; supper, at half-past seven, was a repetition of dinner. On flesh and fish days the meals were more varied, and the fare of the common table was to be seasoned with the read

ing of Scripture, or of some moral or historical work. The students, by rotation in pairs, served in the cellar and pantry. They were to eat along with the cook, and perhaps the baseness of the society was compensated for by the greater delicacy and plenty of the fare. On Sundays four students were to go and clean the whole college. The janitor, also a student, was to watch the gate and fill the students' drinking-mugs. He was to allow no woman to enter the college, except the common laundress, who was to be not less than fifty years old. When the students had occasion to go to the town, they were to be properly robed in gown and hood. Once a week the college repaired to the links, where field sports were conducted; if the students desired more physical exercise, they were to be sent to some honest bour in a garden or elsewhere.

With regard to the heads of the college, it was enacted that the Prior was to elect a principal master, who was to be a canon of the priory of St. Andrew's, and either a doctor licentiate, or bachelor, to preside over the college. Four regents were to carry on the teaching work of the establishment, and two priests were to attend to the spiritual and temporal offices of the college, one called the curate and sacristan, the other the purveyor and provisor. All the officials were to live in the college, and to be fed by its revenues; and, in addition, they were to receive, the principal ten pounds, the regents and other priests ten marks. The college was primarily intended for the instruction of ten poor students; but it was provided that, if any of the nobility wished to enter themselves in the college, they must submit to the same discipline, and read in their turn at table, and

strictly observe the same rules. There follows a regulation as to the dress of the students, which brings up before us a half stately, half ludicrous figure. They were not to wear a secular dress; their garments were not to be too much cut away, or their caps of a green, scarlet, blue, yellow, or any showy colour, but that all their garments, whether linen or woollen, be such as becomes grave and clerical persons.' They are not to let their beard or their hair be too long, but so cut as that a

great part of the ears shall be seen. Now, they were emphatically enjoined not to be idle, dissolute, or careless.' They were not to frequent taverns, or hold nocturnal entertainments; they were not to accustom themselves to games of dice, or football, or any other dangerous and unbecoming sport; and the regents and chaplains were to take care that they were not too familiar with any of their students, remembering that familiarity breeds contempt."