protection; the second from good feelings on the part of both parties; and the third, while it aimed at relieving the strained relations between France and Germany in Morocco, has only partially succeeded. It has stopped the troubles for a time, but there still exists a hostile feeling in both nations."Consalvi at Paris in 1814," by De Richemont, is an account of that celebrated Cardinal's troubles in France, of his relations with Pope and Emperor, and of his attitude towards the Concordat.L. Fiedler gives us an interesting sketch of the vast amount of work undertaken by the International Congress, in order to check the ravages of tuberculosis. From October 2 to 7, sessions, attended by doctors from all over the world, were held at Paris, and the most important questions concerning this disease were treated. Annales de Philosophie Chrétienne (Oct.): An editorial announce

ment, which is an able exposition of the principles on
which, from its institution, the magazine has worked at
the task of doctrinal synthesis and construction, affirms
its determination to continue the past policy in the full
exercise of the intellectual liberty which is not alone
compatible with, but also the truest foundation of, obedi-
ence to spiritual authority.-M. l'abbé Birot, Vicar-
General of the diocese of Albi, sketches the rôle which
at present devolves on religious philosophy.-M. P.
Duhem opens a rejoinder to a criticism passed on some
of his views concerning questions of natural philosophy
by M. Abel Ray in the Revue de Metaphysique et de
Morale. The gist of M. Ray's strictures was that M.
Duhem allowed his faith to dictate his philosophy.-
M. F. Mallet examines the works of Cardinal Deschamps
to prove that this Belgian Redemptorist, Archbishop, and
Cardinal, sixty years ago, maintained the chief apolo-
getic theses which recently have been so widely attacked
as novelties, when propounded by MM. Blondel, La-
berthonnière, and their associates.

La Quinzaine (16 Oct.): A review of the philosophical world of the present day is written in this number by Michel Salomon. The greater part of the article is taken up with non-Catholic philosophical thought, especially with the system of Positivism that has sprung up from the

labors of Auguste Comte. The almost universal contempt for metaphysics is sadly noticeable. The growing importance of psychology, psycho-physics, and kindred. branches, is noted with considerable appreciation. The rehabilitation of St. Thomas is considered of vast importance for Catholic philosophy, especially in view of the fact that the neo-scholasticism is happily freed of all the "frivolous subtleties" and "slavish repetitions" that clung to the scholasticism of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The neo-Thomism has received courteous recognition from many modern men of science. Names prominently associated with present-day Catholic philosophy are those of Bergson, Blondel, Le Roy, Wilbois, and Ollé-Laprune.

Studi Religiosi (Sept.-Oct.): An article signed X. summarizes the recent studies that have appeared in various French magazines on the nature of a dogma. He finds that the debate has been placed within these two terms: 1. Every dogma has a practical moral value, it means something for Christian life and experience; 2. Every dogma has an intellectual and speculative value, it represents objective reality. The controversy rages between those who would minimize the value of dogmas which have less to do with conduct, on the one side, and those who would emphasize the absolute intellectual value of all dogmas as parts of eternal truth, on the other Salvatore Minocchi, writing on sympathy for suffering animals, warns his Italian fellow countrymen not to ridicule societies for preventing cruelty to animals which are now being established in Italy, as they have long been in Germany, England, and America. He says that while pity for animals in distress may go to ridiculous extremes, nevertheless it is, in itself, a sentiment springing directly from Christian piety, and must appeal to every heart that has been softened by the spirit of the Gospel.

S. M. declares that Mary Magdalen and Mary the sister of Lazarus were two different persons.-E. Buonainti writes of the Rosminian revival.

Revue Biblique (October): P. Lagrange writes on Messiahism in the time of our Lord, and gives an analysis of one or two apocalyptic documents of jewish origin, but not