cesses which democracy makes dangerous in every land, and which in America had come to be erected into the very means of government. He is hard at work trying to make America a powerful unity in the world, to concentrate by imperialism the force which the federalist spirit leaves divided and weak.

(25 Sept.): Rudolphe Müller sketches the Fifty-Second General Congress of German Catholics held at Strasburg on the 20th of last August.-M. Aulard, Professor at the Sorbonne, having refused to serve on a committee for erecting a monument to Taine, whom he designates as a writer hostile to the republican and democratic and non-clerical spirit, an article is devoted by M. Pascal to a defense of Taine's patriotism.

Revue a'Histoire et de Littérature Religieuse (Sept.-Oct.): M. Loisy discusses critically the "great commandment" of love of God and neighbor. He thinks that the parable of the Good Samaritan should be the context of these words of our Lord.-M. Paul Lejay studies the theology of Cæsarius of Arles, especially his doctrine of sin. One of the peculiarities of the teaching of Cæsarius is the belief that small sins coalesce to form grievous guilt. His opinions on hell are of great severity. So systematic is his theology that M. Lejay calls him le premier homme du moyen áge.--M. A. Dufourcq cites some verses of the poem of the pagan prefect Rutilius Namatianus which look like an indirect refutation of St. Augustine's City of God.

Annales de Philosophie Chrétienne (August-September): M. Martin, writing on Origen as a biblical critic, says that Origen held: 1. That the Septuagint should be received as canonical; 2. That the Scriptures are divine; 3. That they contain hidden and mysterious teachings; 4. That no merely human study, and no soul not in God's grace, can discover their real meaning; 5. The greater number of men cannot understand the Scriptures; 6. That the rapid diffusion of Christianity is a strong proof that the Scriptures are true. A writer on the religion of Israel maintains that the order of prophets was of Canaanitish origin, and originally composed of dancing dervishes. The earliest Hebrew service for the dead may have been

adopted from the Egyptian.M. Girerd shows that God may not be the proximate and immediate cause of miracles, but may work them through second causes.- -Other articles are on Cartesian Doubt; Dante as a Catholic Mystic; Tertullian's Theology and General Philosophy. Rassegna Nazionale (16 Sept.): Carlo Caviglione writes on the orthodoxy of the philosophical teachings of Rosmini in view of a couple of recent books on that subject. He applauds Professor Morando who, in the introduction to his three-volume work, first traces carefully the history of the war waged on Rosmini's reputation for holiness and orthodoxy, and then, putting on the one side the condemned sense of the forty propositions, sets over against it the sense understood by the author and deducible from the context, stating that this latter sense is conformable to the teaching of the Fathers and the Doctors of the Church.

Civiltà Cattolica (16 Sept.): Gives a résumé of a recent work by P. Lepicier upon The Six Days of Creation, which, after adducing St. Thomas' statement, "It is de fide that the first individuals of the various species have been immediately created by God," goes on to say: "Between Huxley, who called evolution incompatible with Christianity, and Mivart, who regarded them as reconcilable, we do not hesitate to side with Huxley."

BOOKS RECEIVED.

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, New York:

The Fair Maid of Graystones. By Beulah Marie Dix. Pp. 351. Price $1.50. A Dictionary of Saintly Women. By Agnes B. C. Dunbar. In two volumes. Pp. 335. Price $4. The Educative Process. By William Chandler Bagley, Vice-President and Director of Training, Montana State Normal School.

BENZIGER BROTHERS, New York:

Lives of the English Martyrs. By Dom Bede Cam. Price $2.75 net.

Cantate Marial.

Price 40 cents net. Grammar of Plain-Chant. Price 45 cents net. Mirror of St. Edmund. Price 80 cents net. Reminiscences of an Oblate. Price 75 cents net. Outline Conferences. Price 85 cents net. Epistles and Gospels for Pulpit Use. By Very Rev. Richard A O'Gorman. Price $1.50 Meditations of the Passion of our Lord. Translated from the Italian by a Passionist Father.

LONGMANS, GREEN & Co., New York :

A History of Diplomacy. Vol. I. By David Jayne Hill, LL.D. Price $5 net.
Gore on Catholic Claims. By Dom John Chapman, O.S.B. Price 25 cents.

FR. PUSTET & Co., New York:

Bishop

The Crux of Pastoral Medicine. By Rev. Andrew Klarmann. Pp. 162. Price $1 net. I Salmi. Tradotti dal Testo Originale e Commentati, da Salvatore Minocchi, Seconda Edizione.

CHRISTIAN PRESS ASSOCIATION PUBLISHING COMPANY, New York:

The Tragedy of Calvary; or, the Minute Details of Christ's Life from Palm Sunday Morning till the Resurrection and Ascension. Taken from prophecy, history, revelation, and ancient writings. By the Rev. James L. Meagher, D.D. Pp. 490. Price $1.

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, New York:

Addresses: Historical, Political, Sociological. By Frederic R. Coudert. Pp. xviii.-452. THE NYVALL PRESS, New York:

The Crime of Christian Science. By Charles Stow. Pp. 24. Paper.

B. HERDER, St. Louis, Mo. :

Modern Free Thought. By the Rev J. Gerard, S.J. Price 30 cents net. The Household of Sir Thomas More. By Anne Manning. Price 60 cents. The Nun's Rule; Being the Ancren Riwle Modernized. By James Morton. With Introduction by Abbot Gasquet. Price $1.25.

HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co., New York and Boston:

The Valerian Persecution: A Study of the Relations between Church and State in the Third Century, A. D. By the Rev. Patrick J. Healy, D.D., of the Catholic University of America. Pp. xv.-285. Price $1.50 net.

LITTLE, BROWN & Co., Boston, Mass.:

The Indian Dispossessed. By Seth K. Humphrey. With 16 Full-page Illustrations from Photographs. Pp. 300. Price $1.50 net. Postpaid $1.64. The Ballingtons. By Frances Squire. Pp. 445. Price $1.50. On the Firing Line: A Romance of South Africa. By Anna Chapin Ray and Hamilton Brock Fuller.

DANA, ESTES & Co., Boston, Mass.:

Mrs. Tree's Will. By Laura E. Richards. Pp. 318. Price 75 cents. LAIRD & LEE, Chicago, Ill. :

Webster's Modern Dictionary. Intermediate School Edition. Compiled by E. T. Roe, LL.B. Pp. 458. Price 75 cents.

SMALL, MAYNARD & Co., Boston, Mass.:

Where Copper was King: A Tale of the Early Mining Days on Lake Superior. By James North Wright. Pp. x-352. Price $1.50.

M. H. WILTZIUS COMPANY, Milwaukee, Wis. :

Duties of the Married. By a Catholic Professor. Pp. 48. Paper. Price 20 cents net. THE YOUNG CHURCHMAN COMPANY, Milwaukee, Wis. :

The Doctrine of God: Theological Outlines. By the Rev. Francis J. Hall, D.D. Pp. xii.166.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, Washington, D. C.:

United States Department of Agriculture Annual Report of the Office of Experiment Stations for the year ending June 30, 1904. Pp. 724.

A. C. MCCLURG & Co., New York:

In the Land of the Strenuous Life. By Abbé Felix Klein, of the Catholic University of Paris. With Portraits and Views. Pp. xi.-387. Price $2 net.

A. STORCK & Co., Paris, France:

Les Catholiques Français et Leurs Difficultés Actuelles.
Price 7 fr. 50. Paper.

LIBRAIRIE PLON-NOURRIT ET CIE, Paris, France:

Par Léon Chaine. Pp. x.-754.

Correspondance du Comte De Jaucourt avec le Prince de Talleyrand, Pendant le Congres de Vienne. Pp. xv.-361. Price 7 fr.

VICTOR LECOFFRE, Paris, France:

Le Dogme de la Rédemption. Essai d'Étude Historique. Par l'Abbé I. Rivière, Professeur au Grand Seminaire d'Albi. Price 6 fr. L'Espagne Chrétienne. Par Dom H. Leclercq. Price 3 fr. 50.

LIBRAIRIE BLOUD ET CIE., Paris, France:

Le Droit Divin et la Souverainete Populaire. Par Marius Deves. Pp. 64. Paper. Grégoire VII. et la Réforme du XIe Siècle. Par J. Brugerette. Pp. 64. Paper. Innocent III. et Apogée du Pouvoir Pontifical. Par J. Brugerette. Pp. 64. Paper. La Vie et Organisation du Clergé Sous l'Ancien Régime. Par Joseph Ageorges. Pp. 64. Paper. Le Religion Romaine. Par Andre Baudrillart. Pp. 64. Paper. La Descenté du Christ Aux Enfers. Par J. Turmel Pp. 64. Paper. Les Articles Organiques Etude Historique et Juridique. Par Jules Riché. Pp. 64. Paper. Valeur Apologetique du Martyre. Par Gaston Sortias Pp. 64. Paper. De la Prédestination et du Sort Final Des Paiens. Par Un Professeur de Théologie. Pp. 64. Paper. Les Droits et les Devoirs du Pére de Famille. Par P. Drillon. Pp. 64. Paper. Les Grands Philosophes Aristote. Par P. Alfaric. Pp. 64. Paper. Les Saints Protecteurs du Travail. Par le R. P. Dom J. M. Besse. Pp. 64. Paper. Les Premiers Ouvriers de l'Evangile. Par V. Ermoni. Pp 64. Paper. Les Frères Precheurs. Par Le R. P. Fr. HenriMarie Iweins, O.P. Pp. 64. Paper. Les Procès de Beatification et de Canonisation. Par l'Abbé A. Boudinhou. Pp. 64. Paper. La Jeunesse Criminelle. Par Paul Drillon. Pp. 64. Paper. L'Apologétique de Lacordaire. Par le R P. J. D. Folghera. Pp. 64. Paper. Le Triple Conflit: Science, Philosophie, Religion. Par le Vte. Robert d'Adhémar. Pp 64. Paper. Architecture et Catholicism. Par Anthyme Saint-Paul. Pp. 64. Paper.

How

THE COLUMBIAN READING UNION.

OW many members are needed to form a Reading Circle? This question has been asked by many of our correspondents. In reply we state that the Columbian Reading Union will not make any rules concerning the number of members or the private management of any organization affiliated to it. Our work is to gather information and publish lists of books which will be of assistance to all interested in the diffusion of good literature. Reading Circles can be organized in different ways, either in connection with parish or public libraries, or on an independent basis. It makes a considerable saving of expense if the books to be used can be borrowed from a library. Obvious advantages may be obtained by those associated with Catholic circulating libraries. The books selected are purchased by the parish library, and are made accessible without extra cost to the members of the Reading Circles. In many places the same plan could no doubt be applied to public libraries. There is no fixed way of starting a Reading Circle, except that some one or more persons must agree to talk about the matter. Five members are. enough to make a beginning, although a much larger number should be enrolled wherever it can be so arranged. Very few rules are necessary.

Send the name of your Reading Circle for the register of the Columbian Reading Union, 415 West Fifty-ninth Street, New York City, and state the books and subjects now in use for the coming year.

The Loyola Reading Club, of Montreal, is now arranging plans for cooperative work, and we hope to get, in the near future, an account of its progress for publication in this department.

At the opening meeting, 1005 6, the D'Youville Reading Circle met in the Rideau Street Convent, awa; the plan of work for the new season was outlined, which will be in natural sequence of what was begun four years ago, when the club was organized. The History of Education will be the special historical study. In these das, when the din of educational theorists is so loud, it was shown how desirable it is to discern the real significance of the psychological vaporings and vagaries, to see that all this so-called lore is not an unequalified improvement on the so-called slower times. This study will compel a review and a comparative appreciation of the great centres of intellectual activity, from the earliest achievements of civilization to our own twentieth century. In the purely literary order this plan will compel, as in the preceeding years, reviews of contemporary productions, a study of the following women of Shakespeare: Portia of Venice, Rosalind, Ophelia, Lady Macbeth and Queen Katharine. In view of the fourth centennial of Cervantes general notes will be made on the Spanish geius as reflected in the Cid and in its melancholy counterpart-the Don Quote. The books reviewed for the first meeting were: Glena naar, by Rev. Dr. Sheehan; The Voyageur, Dr. Drummond's latest; A Daughter of Kings, by Katharine Tynan; and the second number of The Crucib.. This is a Catholic magazine published at

Oxford, bearing on the higher education of women. Several articles in the October magazines were mentioned as of timely interest, especially the edi. torial in the Messenger, "Vladivostok," in Booklovers', and "Meredith's Heroines," in the Critic. A gem of a poem by Rev. Lucian Johnson, written for the Circle, was read. It was pronounced as beautiful as the reality, whose name it bears: "An Autumn Leaf."

The D'Youville Circle is one of the very best now in the field, and has earned distinction in preparing and giving for publication suggestive outlines of work, which may be followed by others at a distance. By this plan the only effective co-operation may be established between circles widely separated.

For this purpose chiefly the need of the Columbian Reading Union was presented to the Editor of THE CATHOLIC WORLD. In December, 1888, appeared an unsigned communication in this magazine stating briefly the outlines of a society for young women having a mature desire for an advanced course of Catholic reading after graduation. It was suggested that the social element might be eliminated, as the work proposed could be accomplished by interchange of ideas at meetings and by correspondence among kindred minds in different places. This communication was written in Milwaukee, Wis., by Miss Julie E. Perkins. Further particulars regarding her valuable personal service in awakening latent forces for the practical realization of her plan may be found in the "Tribute of Praise" published in THE CATHOLIC WORLD August, 1894, shortly after her lamented death. She had very strong convictions that the Catholic people of high position in social life were in many cases allowing the intellectual opportunities of the present age to be monopolized by shallow, self-constituted leaders. Her efforts to make known the enduring claims of Catholic authors deserve perpetual remembrance.

In order to establish a central bureau for the guidance of the Catholic reading public, to foster the growth of Reading Circles, and to secure a permanent combination of forces for the diffusion of good literature, THE CATHOLIC WORLD, June, 1889, announced the formation of the Columbian Reading Union, which was located at the house of the Paulist Fathers, 415 West Fifty-ninth Street, New York City. An appeal was made for the voluntary co-operation of those having a knowledge of books, so that guide-lists might be prepared at small cost for those seeking the information thus rendered available. Catholic writers were especially invited to take part in the new movement; assistance was also expected from librarians and others qualified to make selections from the best books published. Many individuals, as well as those identified with Catholic Reading Circles, gladly donated small amounts of money, besides giving their time and energy to make known the ways and means of extending the influence of Catholic literature, and to secure a place of deserved recognition for Catholic authors in public libraries.

The State and the City Boards of Education have both officially recognized and approved the courses conducted by the Cathedral Study Club in conjunction with St. Angela's College, of New Rochelle, N. Y.