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the host of Netschers, and Dows, and Rubenses, by which they are surrounded, be confounded in the traveller's mind with the Netschers, Dows, and Rubenses, which he had elsewhere to pass in review, yet never, I am satisfied, will the features of Wallenstein be effaced from his recollection-features which he will nowhere be able to look upon as here. There are two portraits here of the duke. In the one, he is painted as a young man; and in the other, as a grey-headed warrior. The comparison between the two pictures is highly interesting. There the youth stands before you with his light curly hair, of which a lock falls coquettishly upon the forehead, while a small neat mustache is carefully turned up at the end, with an evident view to effect. The face is a lengthened oval; the nose is handsomely formed, and the eyes, beautifully expressive, are, if I remember rightly, blue. An azure, cloudless sky forms the background. The same noble features, but hardened and stern, mark the second portrait. The smooth skin is furrowed by innumerable lines, that seem to bear testimony to violent passions and chequered fortunes. The hair of the head has grown thin, while the mustache, having lost its graceful curl, is changed into a wilderness of bristles, many of them standing stiffly out, like those with which Retzsch has often known how to give such expressive effect to his outlines. The old weather-beaten countenance looks angrily and imperiously down upon us, like the wrinkled bark of a sturdy old oak. The sword is drawn, as about to give the signal for battle. Gloomy scattered clouds are sweeping over the background, remnants of a recent storm, or tokens of fresh levies that are to expend their electricity in new battles. The azure sky of peace that smiled upon the youth never returned for the duke, as it has often done for the aged and retiring warrior when his battles are over; it was among the gloomy agitations of his career that Wallenstein fell. A portion of his skull is preserved at the Castle of Dux, and has been duly examined by phrenologists. The protuberances dis covered there have been carefully numbered and ticketed. Among them may be seen No. 6, firmness; No. 7, cunning; No. 18; boldness; No. 19, reflection; No. 20, vanity; No. 21, pride and love of glory. The partisan with which he was stabbed is likewise shown, and his embroidered collar, stained with the blood that flowed from the deadly wound. Also a letter written by his own hand commanding the execution of some citizens, who had served against the emperor.-Kohl's Austria.

MUSIC AT LORD MAYOR'S PAGEANTS.At the pageant in 1566-7, when Sir William or Christopher Draper was Lord Mayor of London, the music for the Iron

mongers' company's foiste or barge, consisted of two trumpets, one drum, and sixteen bases, half of which were double, and one solitary flute. The men and musicians were habited in sarsnet cassocks, with scarfs and nightcaps of Bruges satin, "drawn out with white and red." The queen's sergeant-trumpeters demanded no less than 187. for [the services of] twentyfour trumpeters. In 1575, in a description of the procession, we find "next two drums and a flute;" after an interval, "then a set of hautbois playing;" "then sixteen trumpeters, eight and eight in a company;" at another part of the procession, "twelve trumpeters more, with banners of the mayor's company, then the drum and flute of the city, and an ensign of the mayor's company, and after the waits of the city in blue gowns, red sleeves and caps, every one having his silver collar about his neck.'

ENGLAND'S INCOME AND PROPERTY IN 1778.-The late Mr Samuel Curwen, in his journal, under the date of April 13, 1778, has entered the following particulars, as from some information communicated to him in conversation :- "The land tax, at 4s. in the pound, produces two millions; the real tax on a medium is two shillings nearly, which, being a tenth part of income, makes that to be twenty millions. Should an expensive war, or some unforeseen accident throw the nation into a convulsion, and discourage lending and lessen supplies, it would, of course, reduce the value of lands, perhaps to twenty-five years' purchase; their real value then would be five hundred millions. Court value of the kingdom supposed to be eighteen millions, for the following reasons, viz., fifteen millions were brought into the mint to be new coined on proclamation; the remainder, coin of George II and III, full weight, still continuing current, amount to three millions. Amount of fabrics, plate, &c. &c., on a modest computation, is worth one hundred millions, making in all six hundred millions. A nation possessing more than twice as much as it owes, need not fear bankruptcy;— -England's debt being one hundred and sixty millions. I pretend not to judge what would be the full issue of a shock to national credit, much less dare I determine; but I confess, I fear it would be followed by dreadful convulsions, and produce cruel ravages and carnage among the lower classes, who, being deprived of daily subsistence for want of daily employ, on stoppage of trade and manufactures, would not contentedly sit down and suffer themselves with their wives and little ones to perish with hunger; nor even those whose large incomes, derived from national funds, being now stopped, are reduced to a level with the most indigent, and whose wants being

supplied from their charity, are now their equal fellow-sufferers."

VICTOR HUGO.-Parallel to his active, agitated, militant career as an innovator, the poet has enjoyed a domestic existence full of serenity and bliss. In one of the most retired quarters of Paris, at one of the angles of that Place Royale, which is the living memorial of the first days of the great age, he dwells in a sumptuous mansion, furnished with all the luxury of a noble, and the fantasy of an artist. It is here, in the bosom of pure and peaceful domesticity, surrounded by a lovely wife, and four laughing, rosy children, that, as if to realize in his own mind his system of dramatic antithesis, he has evoked all those satanic apparitions, all those murders, adulteries, incests, horrors, with which he has shocked the world. But it is here, also, that he conceived that delicious creation, Esmeralda, the younger sister of Mignon and Fenella, more fascinating, perhaps, than either; it is here that he has resuscitated old Paris in all its rude energy; it is here that he wrote all that exquisite lyric verse which will place his name so high in the literary history of the age. It is here, also, it is said, that he shows himself a kindly patron of embryo talent, a gifted talker, an erudite and enthusiastic archæologist, a man of sense and judgment, paying due attention to the prosaic things of earth, and complying equally with the duties of the father and the inspirations of the poet.-Living Characters of France.

The Gatherer.

Sir Francis Burdett.-This honourable Baronet died on Tuesday, having survived his lady but about a week. He was 74 years of age. Mr Jones Burdett died two years back, when Sir Francis wrote an affectionate notice of the deceased, in which he censured the falsehoods too often put forth in praise of the dead, but warmly eulogised the virtues of his brother. It appears on a tablet which has been put up in Twickenham Old Church.

A Modest Request to a Lady.-Ozias Linley, Sheridan's brother-in-law, was subject to perpetual fits of abstraction. In simplicity of character, as well as in absence of mind, he was another Parson Adams. As he was one morning setting out on horseback for his curacy a few miles' distance from Norwich, his horse threw off one of his shoes. A lady, who observed the accident, thought it might impede Mr Linley's journey, and seeing that he was quite unconscious of it, politely reminded him that one of his horse's shoes had just come off. "Thank you, madam," replied Linley; "will you, then, have the goodness to put it on for me?"

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Russian Charitable Institutions.-In St Petersburg charitable institutions clude all classes, from the duke to the pauper. The Empress-Mother is the patroness of one institution which boards "about four hundred young ladies of noble families," who are immured for nine years, during which they are denied access to their parents but under "the strictest surveillance." She is also the patroness and gouvernante of the Institute of St Catharine, containing three hundred and ten young ladies, all of "noble blood." Of these young ladies of "noble blood," onefifth are supported by charity.

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Anecdote of Charles I.-When Charles I had almost worn out his welcome in Spain, he seems to have thought his becoming her husband would have conferred slight honour and obligation on the Infanta and her country. On his demanding what course Spain would take politically in case of a certain event, Olivarez replied it was a state maxim that the King of Spain could employ no forces against the House of Austria. "Look to it then, sir," said Charles; "for if you hold yourself to that, there is an end of all ;-without this you may not rely upon either marriage or friendship."

Mrs Wood.-Those who were admiring (or admiring at) Mrs Wood's resolution "to admit no compromise in matters of religion," announced so universally some months ago, on the occasion of her volun. teering a month's performances in a York convent, will have seen with, or without, surprise, as may be, that she has descended from the beatitudes of conventual life, to make a "farewell appearance," at the Princess's Theatre. This unfortunate woman's vagaries are too offensive an experiment upon popular sympathy or credulity, to pass without grave reprobation. As a worn-out singer of the worst possible school, her performance or her retirement is a matter of little importance, and, under other circumstances, we should have been quite content to maintain a considerate silence; but this endless obtrusion of herself on the public makes forbearance impossible, on far higher grounds than those which merely concern the progress of Art.-Athenæum.

Sacheverell's Library.-In 1773 Messrs Nicol and Wilson, booksellers, issued a catalogue, comprising, amongst other collections, the library of the famous Dr Henry Sacheverell.

How to Improve the World.-Could we, doing as we would be done by, be content to obey the Apostolic injunction, and make "a living sacrifice of our bodies," says the Rev. C. Le Bas, "the whole circuit of society would then have the semblance of one consecrated enclosure. Every dwelling would be a temple, and every inhabitant

a holy offering, presented continually to the Divine acceptance, by the Great High Priest of the human race. A cloud of per petual incense would go up towards the mercy seat; and, in return, the peace of God would descend to gladden and to sanctify the tabernacles of men !"

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Roman Theatres.-There are five theatres at Rome, to a population very nearly as considerable as that of Dublin. Each of these establishments is the property of one of the noble families in the city, who prefer doing by themselves what is usually done in England by committee. The Valle belongs to the Marchese Capranica, one of the four Roman Marquesses who have a right of canopy; the Argentina to the Duke Cesarini Sforza, the descendant of the celebrated ex-dynasty of that name the Tor'di Nona, so called from an ancient tower near, to that universal man, the Duke of Bracciano (Torlonia). The Pallacorda is a joint concern; and the Aliberti has so often changed masters, that it is difficult to say in whose hands it remains. Honours or Emoluments of the Russian Army.-All the good fat appointments seem to fall to the army in Russia as they do to the lawyers in England. If a manufactory of mirrors be established, a general officer must be its overseer, and the driver of the "unwashed artificers." If the government patronize a charity, or an establishment for dyeing broad cloth, grinding cutlery, building ships, or spinning tapes and bobbins, a general officer must be the grand comptroller.

Scarcity of Watches. — In Napoleon's campaigns, the numerous and disastrous errors in time, in Russian movements, were attributed to the general and staff officers being destitute of watches.

Miss Boydeli.-The niece of the first Alderman Boydell married Mr Nicol, the bookseller. Their union would seem to have been hastened by a very remarkable incident. On the 9th of July, 1787, as Miss Boydell, accompanied by Mr Nicol, was walking up Princes street, Leicester fields, Dr Elliot, a medical man then well known among the literati, fired a pair of pistols so closely to the lady as to set fire to her cloak, yet she received no other hurt than a slight contusion on the shoulder. Mr Nicol seized the assailant, who was tried at the Old Bailey. Insanity was attempted to be established. Though acquitted of the greater offence, he was ordered to be tried for the assault; but the prisoner starved himself to death in Newgate, 22nd July. The lady bestowed her hand on her protector on the 8th of September following. Mrs Nicol was afterwards distinguished as an admirable judge of prints and drawings, of which she formed a fine collection. She died December 21st, 1820.

The Old Level of London.-In all parts of the metropolis incontestable evidence is offered that the level of the thoroughfares was formerly much lower than at present. The old public house pulled down near Britannia row, in the Lower road, Islington, was entered by going down three or four steps. Tradition stated that it was formerly reached by ascending as many. Marylebone, Knightsbridge, and Paddington, have still their ancient buildings, which offer similar testimony to prove that all the roads have been raised. We are also told that on opening the ground for the foundation for the present church of St Mary-le-Bow, in Cheapside, after the fire of London, Sir Christopher Wren discovered a foundation sufficiently firm for the intended fabric, which, on inspection, was found to be the walls, windows, and pavement of a temple or church, of Roman workmanship, entirely buried under the level of the present street.

Caesar's Camp on the site of St Pancras Church.-Dr Stukely describes the arrangement of the camp, which he terms Cæsar's, and points out the peculiar station of each commander in these terms: he says,"Cæsar's camp was situate where St Pancras church now is, his prætorium is still (1758) very plain, over against the church, in the footpath on the west side of the brook; the vallum and the ditch are visible; its breadth from east to west forty paces; its length from north to south sixty paces."

The Adder Stone.-A charm to cure disease is said to have been known to the Druids, named "the adder stone." It was called an egg, and asserted to have been produced by the saliva of a cluster of serpents, and possessed of certain magical virtues. The superstition in respect to these was very prevalent among the ancient Britons, and there still remains a strong tradition of it in Wales. This wondrous egg, however, seems to have been nothing more than a bead of glass.

Abodes of the Ancient Britons.-The high hills throughout England were the first occupied by the earliest inhabitants, at a period when the valleys were either incumbered by wood or inundated by water. In all of them were found earth-works and barrows, the sure vestiges of ancient population. On the bleakest hills were excavated the remains of Roman improvements, introduced into the British settlements, as flues, hypocausts, stuccoed and painted walls, but not a single inscription which could throw a light upon the era in which they flourished.

Man in a Savage State.-Peron, in his voyage of discovery to Australia, states that whenever an animal is slain by the savages, yells of triumph are set up by the whole tribe. "As soon as the carcase can

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What is Taste?-Blair defines taste as the power of receiving pleasure from the beauties of nature and art. La Harpe describes it as a knowledge of the beautiful and of truth, and as a sense of what is right.

Egyptian Science.-Sesostris, according to ancient historians, caused a topographical map of Egypt to be drawn, and copies of it were circulated amongst the Egyptians and Syrians. We are not aware that any copy of it is extant. A Life-preserving Coffin ! The American papers mention that "one of the most remarkable specimens of mechanical ingenuity exhibited at the American Institute, was a life-preserving coffin! The object of this new coffin is to prevent the hazard of burying a person alive; and for this purpose the coffin is fitted with springs and levers inside, which, on the slightest motion of the person within, will instantly throw up the coffin lid."

Theatrical Decorations.-The decorative portion of theatrical representation was, at an early period, an object of the highest interest and attention. The first artists did not think it below the dignity of their art to apply their time and talents to such purposes. San Gallo was employed in the decorations of the Clizia. Perugino, Francia Bigio, and Ghirlandajo, in those of the Mandragola. Jovius states that these latter were so admirable, that Leo X had them removed to Rome at his own expense. Rome, however, surpassed Florence. The other parts of Italy, Milan, Venice, Bologna, were scarcely inferior. It is not very generally known that Salvator Rosa was delighted to use his powerful pencil in giving additional effect to the "Bellissimi e bizarissime commedie al improviso," which were relished exceedingly by the Florentines in the Casino di San Marco, which that munificent patron of the arts, the Cardinald Leopold de Medici, had lent for a theatre. At Rome Salvator again used his pencil for the came purpose, hastily embodying upon his sanvas some of those reminiscences of his

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Giro," among the Abruzzi mountains, which formed the prominent character of his after genius.

bigh, in Gwynedd, with invitation to all, where no naked weapon is lawful, to pronounce judgment on all works of genius submitted to them in the eye of the sun and the face of the light. The truth against the world!"

Literary Discovery.-A Latin play on the story of Richard the Third, and antecedent to Shakspere, has been discovered in the library of Emanuel College, Cambridge. It is in the hands of the Shakspere Society.

M. Beranger-The students of Paris requested the poet Beranger to preside over the inauguration of the statue of Molière, an Monday week. He declined, and wrote to them-"My character, my tastes, and my habits, have always kept me away from public solemnities, where I should find myself ill at ease, and unable to utter a single word. Persuade," he added, "those generous young men to leave in his cornerwhich, thank heaven, is not the gloomy corner of the misanthropist-the old philosopher and song-writer, still faithful to his convictions and his sympathies. The dreams which he still makes there will prove, he hopes, to your generation, which will so long survive him, that to his last moments he was occupied with the happiness and glory of his country."

Water Drinking.-People go to Harrowgate, and Buxton, and Bath, and the devil knows where, to drink the waters, and they return full of admiration at their surpassing efficacy. Now, these waters contain next to nothing of purgative medicine; but they are taken readily, regularly, and in such quantities as to produce the desired effect. You must persevere in this plan.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Some extraordinary and interesting papers by Mr Boccius, on the Science of Breeding Fish, with most curious particulars of the habits of the finny race, will immediately appear.

The

X.-The heart is placed in the centre of the thorax or chest, its apex advancing towards the left side. Most persons think it is placed to the left. palpitation is caused by the extension and contraction of its body in receiving the blood from the veins and ejecting it again by muscular power through the arteries.

His last

L.M. S. will be attended to next week. observation we do not clearly understand. "No Grumbler's" good-natured hint will be respectfully borne in mind.

If T. X. did not send his vamped up, hackneyed translation from Marmontel as an original article, why did he send it at all? He evidently meant to pass it off for his own, and finds, doubtless, not for the first time, that he has made a fool of himself.

long before this, to have heard from the writer.

Truth called into Court.-The Denbigh We have preserved the letter of W. E. Ñ., and hoped, Estedfodd, or meeting of bards, was opened with the following proclamation:-" The truth against the world. In the year 1828, when the sun is on the point of the autumnal equinox, in the forenoon of the 11th of September, this gorsedd, duly proclaimed, is opened in the Castle of Den

LONDON: Published by JOHN MORTIMER, Adelaide Street, Trafalgar Square; and sold by all Booksellers and Newsmen.

Printed by REYNELL and WEIGHT, Little Pulteney street, and at the Royal Polytechnic Institution.

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