Allegro and Penseroso, 6 Alphabetical writing, the greatest of human inventions, 396; comparative views of its value by Plato and Bacon, 396, 397 America, acquisitions of the Catholic Church in, 542; its capabilities, 542 American colonies, British war with them, 619; act for imposing stamp duties upon them, 802; their disaffection, 807; revival of the dispute with them, 817; progress of their resistance, 819 Anabaptists, their origin, 221
Anacharsis, reputed contriver of the potter's wheel, 390
Anaverdy Khan, governor of the Carnatic, 504, 505
Angria, his fortress of Gheriah reduced by Clive, 511
Anne, Queen, her political and religious incli- nations, 259; changes in her government in 1710, 259; relative estimation by the Whigs and the Tories of her reign, 260-262, 264; state of parties at her accession, 745, 746; dismisses the Whigs, 757; change in the conduct of public affairs consequent on her death, 765
Antioch, Grecian eloquence at, 542 Anytus, 382
Apostolical succession, Mr. Gladstone claims it for the Church of England, 485, 496 Aquinas, Thomas, 407
Arab fable of the Great Pyramid, 562 Arbuthnot's Satirical Works, 756 Archimedes, his slight estimate of his inven- tions, 395
Archytas, rebuked by Plato, 395
Arcot, Nabob of, his relations with England, 505-508, 540; his claims recognised by the English, 505
Areopagitica, Milton's allusion to, 27
Argyle, Duke of, secedes from Walpole's ad- ministration, 290
Ariosto, compared with Tasso, 552 Aristodemus, 543 Aristophanes, 564
Aristotle, his authority impaired by the Re- formation, 393
Arithmetic, comparative estimate of by Plato and by Bacon, 394, 395
Arlington, Lord, his character, 427; his cold- ness for the Triple Alliance, 430; his im- peachment, 438
Armies in the middle ages, how constituted, 35, 70; a powerful restraint on the regal power, 70; subsequent change in this re- spect, 71
Arms, British, successes of, against the French in 1758, 307-309
Army (the), control of by Charles I. or by the Parliament, 74; its triumph over both, 77; danger of a standing army becoming an instrument of despotism, 216 Arne, Dr., set to music Addison's opera of Rosamond, 749
Arragon and Castile, their old institutions favourable to public liberty, 240
Art of War, Machiavelli's, 45
Arundel, Earl of, 388
Asia, Central, its people, 607
Asiatic Society, commencement of its career
under Warren Hastings, 637
Assemblies, dellberative, 306
Association. See Catholic Association
Astronomy, comparative estimate of by Soc. rates and by Bacon, 396 Athenian comedies, their impurity, 564; re printed at the two Universities, 564 Athenians (the), Johnson's opinion of them,
Attainder, an act of, warrantable, 209 Atterbury, Bishop, his reply to Bentley to prove the genuineness of the Letters of Pha laris, 461; reads the funeral service over the body of Addison, 774 Attila, 542
Attributes of God, subtle speculations touch- ing them imply no high degree of intellec tual culture, 543, 544
Aubrey, his charge of corruption against Ba- con, 379; Bacon's decision against him after his present, 386
Augsburg, Confession of, its adoption in Swe den, 555 Augustine, St., 542
Aurungzebe, his policy, 502 Austen, Jane, notice of, 726 Austin, Sarah, her character as a translator, 541, 563
Austria, success of her armies in the Catholic cause, 551
Authors, their present position, 122-125 Avignon, the Papal Court transferred from Rome to, 547
Baber, founder of the Mogul empire, 501 Bacon, Lady, mother of Lord Bacon, 352 Bacon, Lord, review of Basil Montagu's new
edition of the works of, 346-414; his mother distinguished as a linguist, 352; his early years, 353, 354; his services refused by go- vernment, 355, 356; his admission at Gray's Inn, 355; his legal attainments, 355; sat in Parliament in 1593, 356; part he took in politics, 356; his friendship with the Earl of Essex, 359-363; examination of his con- duct to Essex, 362-368; influence of King James on his fortunes, 366; his servility to Lord Southampton, 367; influence his ta- lents had with the public, 367; his distino- tion in Parliament and in the courts of law, 368; his literary and philosophical works, 368; his "Novum Organum," and the ad- miration it excited, 368; his work of reduc ing and recompiling the laws of England, 369; his tampering with the judges on the trial of Peacham, 369-372; attaches himself to Buckingham, 372; his appointment as Lord Keeper, 373; his share in the vices of the administration, 374; his animosity towards Sir Edward Coke, 376, 377; his town and country residences, 376; his titles of Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans, 377; report against him of the Committee on the Courts of Justice, 379; nature of the charges, 379, 380; overwhelming evidence to them, 380, 381; his admission of his guilt, 381; his sentence, 381; examination of Mr. Montagu's arguments in his defence, 381- 387; mode in which he spent the last years of his life, 388, 389; chief peculiarity of his philosophy, 389-394; his views compared with those of Plato, 394-399; to what his wide and durable fame is chiefly owing, 400;'
Bell, Peter, Byron's spleen against, 159 Bellasys, the English general, 249 Bellingham, his malevolence, 726 Belphegor (the) of Machiavelli, 42 Benares, its grandeur, 627; its annexation to the British dominions, 631 "Benefits of the Death of Christ," 552 Benevolence, Oliver St. John's opposition to, and Bacon's support of, 369 Bengal, its resources, 511, et seq. Bentham, his language on the French revo- lution, 316
his frequent treatment of moral subjects, | Belgium, its contest between Protestantism 402; his views as a theologian, 403; vulgar and Catholicism, 553, 557 notion of him as inventor of e inductive Belial, 572 method, 404; estimate of his analysis of that method, 404-408; union of audacity and sobriety in his temper, 408; his amplitude of comprehension, 408, 409; his freedom from the spirit of controversy, 409; his eloquence, wit, and similitudes, 410; his disciplined imagination, 411; his boldness and originality, 411; unusual development in the order of his faculties, 412; his resem- blance to the mind of Burke, 412; specimens of his two styles, 412, 413; value of his Essays, 413; his greatest performance the first book of the Novum Organum, 413; contemplation of his life, 413, 414 Bacon, Sir Nicholas, his character, 349-351 Baconian philosophy, its chief peculiarity, 389; its essential spirit, 390; its method and object differed from the ancient, 394; com- parative views of Bacon and Plato, 394- 399; its beneficent spirit, 397, 398, 401; its value compared with ancient philosophy, 399-404
Baillie, Gen., destruction of his detachment by Hyder Ali, 756
Balance of power, interest of the Popes in pre- serving it, 558
Banim, Mr., his defence of James II, as a sup- porter of toleration, 333
Banking operations of Italy in the 14th cen- tury, 32
Bar (the), its degraded condition in the time of James II., 88
Barbary, work on, by Rev. Dr. Addison, 733 Barcelona, capture of, by Peterborough, 253 Baretti, his admiration for Miss Burney, 710 Barillon, M., his pithy words on the new coun- cil proposed by Temple, 443 Barlow, Bishop, 572 Barrington, Lord, 780
Barwell, Mr., 610; his support of Hastings, 612, 618, 619, 621
Bastille, Burke's declamations on its capture, 643
Battle of the Cranes and Pygmies, Addison's,
Bavaria, its contest between Protestantism and Catholicism, 553, 558
Baxter's testimony to Hampden's excellence,
Beaumarchais, his suit before the parliament of Paris, 387
Beckford, Alderman, 815
Bedford, Duke of, 779; his views of the po-
licy of Chatham, 786, 792; presents remon- strance to George III., 805
Bedford, Earl of, invited by Charles I. to form an administration, 209 Bedfords (the), 779; their opposition to the Rockingham ministry on the Stamp Act, 808; their willingness to break with Gren- villeon Chatham's accession to office, 813; de- serted Grenville and admitted to office, 817; parallel between them and the Rocking- hams, 802
Bedford House assailed by a rabble, 804 Begums of Oude, their domains and treasures, 632; disturbances in Oude imputed to them, 632; their protestations, 633; their spolia- tion charged against Hastings, 647
Bentham and Dumont, 268 Bentinck, Lord William, his memory che- rished by the Hindoos, 541 Bentivoglio, Cardinal, on the state of religion in England in the 16th century, 230 Bentley, Richard, his quarrel with Boyle, and remarks on Temple's Essay on the Letters of Phalaris, 461; his edition of Milton, 462, 731; his notes on Horace, 462; his recon. ciliation with Boyle and Atterbury, 463 Berar, occupied by the Bonslas, 620 Berwick, Duke of, held the Allies in check, 250; his retreat before Galway, 254 Bickerstaff, Isaac, astrologer, 754 Biographia Britannica, refutation of a ca- lumny on Addison in, 773
Biography, tenure by which a writer of is bound to his subject, 459
Bishops, claims of those of the Church of England to apostolic succession, 485, 489 Black Hole of Calcutta described, 513, 514; retribution of the English for its horrors, 514, 515,517, 518
Blackmore, Sir Richard, his attainments in the ancient languages, 736 Blackstone, 346
Blasphemous publications, policy of govern- ment in respect to, 115
Blenheim, battle of, 748; Addison employed to write a poem in its honour, 746 Blois, Addison's retirement to, 739 "Bloomsbury gang," the denomination of the Bedfords, 779
Bodley, Sir Thomas, founder of the Bodleian library, 369, 388
Bohemia, influence of the doctrines of Wick- liffe in, 547, 548
Boileau, Addison's intercourse with, 740, 741; his opinion of modern Latin, 740, 741; his literary qualities, 741
Bokngbroke, Lord, the liberal patron of lite- rature, 179; proposed to strengthen the royal prerogative, 276; his pretence of philosophy in his exile, 402; his jest on oc- casion of the first representation of Cato, 762; Pope's perfidy towards him, 768; his remedy for the diseases of the state, 784, 785
Bombay, its affairs thrown into confusion by the new council at Calcutta, 613 Book of the Church, Southey's, 100 Books, puffing of, 123-126
Booth, played the hero in Addison's Cato on its first representation, 761 Borgia, Cæsar, 43
Boroughs, rotten, the abolition of, a necessary reform in the time of George I., 280 Boswell, James, his character, 175-177
Boswell's Life of Johnson, by Croker, review of, 165-190; character of the work, 175 Boswellism, 28
Bourbon, the House of, their vicissitudes in Spain, 248-258
Bourne, Vincent, 327; his Latin verses in celebration of Addison's restoration to health, 357
Boyle, Charles, his nominal editorship of the Letters of Phalaris, 461; his book on Greek history and philology, 736 Boyle, Rt. Hon. Henry, 746
"Boys" (the), in opposition to Sir R. Wal- pole, 278
Bracegirdle, Mrs., her celebrity as an actress, 588; her intimacy with Congreve, 588, 589 Brahmins, 544
Bribery, foreign, in the time of Charles I., 90 Brihuega, siege of, 258
"Broad Bottom Administration" (the), 297 Brothers, his prophecies as a test of faith, 544
Brown Launcelot, 535
Brown's Estimate, 302
Bruce, Lord, his appearance at Dr. Burney's concerts, 704
Brunswick, the House of, 781
Brussels, its importance as the seat of a vice- regal Court, 429 Brydges, Sir Egerton, 726
Buchanan, character of his writings, 394 Buckhurst, 564, 565
Buckingham, Duke of, the "Steenfe" of James I., 197, 198; Bacon's early discern- ment of his influence, 372, 373; his expedi- tion to Spain, 373; his return for Bacon's patronage, 373; his corruption, 374; his character and position, 374-377; his mar- riage, 378; his visit to Bacon, and report of his condition, 380
Buckingham, Duke of, one of the Cabal ministry, 573; his fondness for Wycherley, 573; anecdote of his versatility, 574 Budgell, Eustace, one of Addison's friends, 752, 753
Bunyan, John, his history and character, 136- 138; his style, 139; his religious enthusiasm and imagery, 556
Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, review of Southey's edition of, 132; peculiarity of the work, 133, 136, 138, 139; not a perfect alle- gory, 135, 136
Buonaparte, 81, 304, 747. See also Napoleon Burgoyne, Gen., chairman of the committee of inquiry on Lord Clive, 539
Burke, Edmund, his characteristics, 98; his opinion of the war with Spain on the ques- tion of maritime right, 295; resembles Bacon, 412; effect of his speeches on the House of Commons, 464; not the author of the Letters of Junius, 611; his charges against Hastings, 640, 754; his kindness to Miss Burney, 718; her incivility to him at Hastings' trial, 718; his early political career, 806-809; his first speech in the House of Commons, 809; his opposition to Chatham's measures relating to India, 815; his defence of his party against Grenville's attacks, 818; his feeling towards Chatham,
Burleigh and his Times, review of Rev. Dr. Nares's, 220; his early life and character,
221-224; his death, 224; importance of the times in which he lived, 224; the great stain his character, 233; character of the use of statesmen he belonged to, 352; classical acquirements of his wife, 352; his conduct towards Bacon, 354, 355, 359; his apology for having resorted to torture, 370; Bacon's letter to him upon the department of knowledge he had chosen, 409 Burnet, Bishop, 463
Burney, Dr., his social position, 702, 704; his conduct relative to his daughter's first pub lication, 709; his daughter's engagement at Court, 714
Burney, Frances. See D'Arblay, Madame Bussey, his eminent merit and conduct in India, 509
Bute, Earl of, his character and education, 782; appointed Secretary of State, 785; op- poses the proposal of war with Spain on account of the family compact, 787; his unpopularity on Chatham's resignation, 788; becomes Prime Minister, 788; his first speech in the House of Lords, 788; induces the retirement of the Duke of Newcastle, 789; becomes First Lord of the Treasury, 790; his foreign and domestic policy, 791, 796; his resignation, 797; continues to ad vise the king privately, 799, 804, 808 Butler, Addison not inferior to him in wit,
Byng, Admiral, his failure at Minorca, 302; his trial, 304; opinion of his conduct, 304; Chatham's defence of him, 304
Byron, Lord, his epistolary style, 147; his character, 148; his early life, 148; his quar rel with and separation from his wife, 149- 150; his expatriation, 151; decline of his intellectual powers, 151; his attachment to Italy and Greece, 152; his sickness and death, 152; general grief for his fate, 152; remarks on his poetry, 153; his admiration of the Pope school of poetry, 159; his opinion of Wordsworth and Coleridge, 159; of Peter Bell, 159; his estimate of the poetry of the 18th and 19th centuries, 159; his sensitiveness to criticism, 160; the in- terpreter between Wordsworth and the multitude, 160; the founder of an exoteric Lake school, 161; remarks on his dramatic works, 161-163; his egotism, 163; cause of his influence, 163-165
Cabal (the), their proceedings and designs, 434, 436, 438
Cabinets, in modern times, 442 Cadiz, exploit of Essex at the siege of, 249, 360; its pillage by the English expedition in 1702, 249 Cæsar Borgia, 43 Cæsar, Claudius, resemblance of James 1, to,
Cæsar, Julius, compared with Cromwell, 81 Cæsars (the), parallel between them and the Tudors, not applicable, 229 Calcutta, its position on the Hoogley, 512; scene of the Black Hole of, 513, 514; re- sentment of the English at its fall, 514; again threatened by Surajah Dowlah, 5i6;
revival of its prosperity, 521; its sufferings | during the famine, 536; its capture, 598; its suburbs infested by robbers, 612; its festivities on Hastings' marriage, 619 Calvinism, moderation of Bunyan's, 138; held by the Church of England at the end of the 16th century, 489; many of its doc- trines contained in the Paulician theology,
546 Cambridge, University of, favoured by George I. and George II., 790; its superiority to Oxford in intellectual activity, 349; dis- turbances produced in by Civil War, 421 Cambyses, story of his punishment of the cor- rupt judge, 383
Camilla, Madame D'Arblay's, 727, 728 Campaign, The, by Addison, 746
Canada, subjugation of, by the British in 1760, 308
Canning, Mr., 725
Cape Breton, reduction of, 307
Caraffa, Gian Pietro, afterwards Pope Paul IV., his zeal and devotion, 549, 552 Carlisle, Lady, 212
Carnatic (the), its resources, 504-510; its in- vasion by Hyder Ali, 625, 626 Carteret, Lord, his ascendancy after the fall of Walpole, 281, 282; Sir Horace Walpole's stories about him, 283; his defection from Sir Robert Walpole, 292; succeeds Walpole, 297; his character as a statesman, 297, 298; created Earl Granville, 297
Carthagena, surrender of the arsenal and ships of, to the Allies, 254 Casina (the), of Plautus, 41 Castile, Admiral of, 250
Castile and Arragon, their old institutions favourable to public liberty, 240 Castilians, their character in the 16th century, 238; their conduct in the War of the Suc- cession, 255; their attachment to the faith of their ancestors, 549
Castracani, Castruccio, Life of, by Machiavelli,
Chalmers, Dr., Mr. Gladstone's opinion of his defence of the Church, 466
Champion, Colonel, commander of the Bengal army, 608
Chandernagore, French settlement on the Hoogley, 512; captured by the English, 516
Charlemagne, imbecility of his successors, Charles, Archduke, his claim to the Spanish crown, 241; takes the field in support of it, 250; accompanies Peterborough in his expedition, 251; his success in the north- east of Spain, 253; is proclaimed king at Madrid, 254; his reverses and retre t, 256; his re-entry into Madrid, 257; his unpopu- larity, 257; concludes a peace, 259; forms an alliance with Philip of Spain, 262 Charles I., lawfulness of the resistance to, 15, 18; Milton's defence of his execution, 20, 21; his treatment of the Parliament of 1640, 61; his treatment of Strafford, 66; estimate of his character, 66, 79, 80, 197 his fall, 78; his condemnation and its con- sequences, 78-81; Hampden's opposition to him, and its consequences, 197-204; resist- ance of the Scots to him, 204, 205; his in- creasing difficulties, 205; his conduct to- wards the House of Commons, 212-214; his flight, 214; review of his conduct and treatment, 215, 217; reaction in his favour during the Long Parliament, 331; cause of his political blunders, 378; effect of the vic- tory over him on the national character, 418 Charles I. and Cromwell, choice between, 78 Charles II., character of his reign, 22; his
foreign subsidies, 89; his situation in 1660 contrasted with that of Louis XVIII., 324; his character, 327, 423; his position towards the king of France, 329; consequences of his levity and apathy, 331, 332; his court compared with that of his father, 427; his extravagance, 429; his subserviency to France, 430-440; his renunciation of the dispensing power, 438; his relations with Temple, 439, 441, 456; his system of bribery of the Commons, 445; his dislike of Halifax, 453; his dismissal of Temple, 456; his social disposition, 573
Charles II. of Spain, his unhappy condition, 241, 243-246; his difficulties in respect to the succession, 241-246
Charles III. of Spain, his hatred of England,
Charles V., 549 Charles VIII., 409
Charles XII., compared with Clive, 541 Charlotte, Queen, obtains the attendance of Miss Burney, 714; her partizanship for Hastings, 719; her treatment of Miss Burney, 720-723
Chatham, Earl of, character of his public life, 286, 287; his early life, 287; his travels, 288; enters the army, 288; obtains a seat in Par- liament, 288; attaches himself to the Whigs in Opposition, 291; his qualities as an orator, 293, 294; is made Groom of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales, 295; declaims against the ministers, 296; his opposition to Car- teret, 297; legacy left him by the Duchess of Marlborough, 297; supports the Pelham ministry, 297; appointed Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, 297, 298; overtures made to him
by Newcastle, 801; made Secretary of State, 301; defends Admiral Byng, 304; coalesces with the Duke of Newcastle, 302; success of his administration, 302-309; his appreciation of Clive, 525, 537; breach be- tween him and the great Whig connection, 537; review of his Correspondence, 775; in the zenith of prosperity and glory, 775; his coalition with Newcastle, 777; his strength in Parliament, 780; jealousies in his cabinet, 785; his defects, 786; proposes to declare war against Spain on account of the family compact, 787; rejection of his counsel, 787; his resignation, 787; the king's gracious behaviour to him, 787; public enthusiasm towards him, 788; his conduct in opposition, 789-795; his speech against peace with France and Spain, 795; his unsuccessful audiences with George III. to form an administration, 799; Sir William Pynsent bequeaths his whole property to him, 801; bad state of his health, 802; is twice visited by the Duke of Cumberland with propositions from the King, 804, 805; his condemnation of the American Stamp Act, 807, 808; is induced by the King to assist in ousting Rockingham, 811; morbid state of his mind, 811, 812, 815; under- takes to form an administration, 812, 813; is created Earl of Chatham, 813; failure of his ministerial arrangements, 813-817; loss of his popularity, and of his foreign in- fluence, 813-817; nis despotic manners, 812, 814; lays an embargo on the exporta- tion of corn, 815; his first speech in the House of Lords, 815; his supercilious con- duct towards the Peers, S15; his retire- ment from office, 815; his policy violated, 816-818; resigns the privy seal, 817; state of parties and of public affairs on his re- covery, 817, 818; his political relations, 819; his eloquence not suited to the House of Lords, 819; opposed the recognition of the independence of the United States, 821; his last appearance in the House of Lords, 820; his death, 821; reflections on his fall, 821; his funeral in Westminster Abbey,
Cheyte Sing, a vassal of the government of Bengal, 627; his large revenue and sus- pected treasure, 629; Hastings' policy in desiring to punish him, 629-631; his treat- ment made the successful charge against Hastings, 644
Chillingworth, his opinion on apostolical succession, 488; became a Catholic from conviction, 545
Chinsurah, Dutch settlement on the Hoogley, 512; its siege by the English and capitula- tion, 525
Chivalry, its form in Languedoc in the 12th century, 545, 546 Cholmondely, Mrs., 710
Christchurch College, Oxford, its repute after the Revolution, 460; issues a new edition of the Letters of Phalaris, 461 Christianity, its alliance with the ancient phi- losophy, 392; light in which it was regarded by the Italians at the Reformation, 548 Church (the), in the time of James II., 88
Church (the), Southey's book of, 100 Church, the English, persecutions in her name, 55, 56; High and Low Church parties, 749
Church of England, its origin, and connection with the state, 59; its condition in the time of Charles I., 113; endeavour of the leading Whigs at the Revolution to alter its Liturgy and Articles, 340, 490; its con- test with the Scotch nation, 341; Mr. Glad stone's work in defence of it, 466, 467; his arguments for its being the pure Catholic Church of Christ, 483, 485; its claims to apostolical succession discussed, 485-491; views respecting its alliance with the state, 491-496; contrast of its operations during the two generations succeeding the Refor. mation, with those of the Church of Rome, 551, 556
Church of Rome, its alliance with ancient phi losophy, 392; causes of its success and vi tality, 542, 543; sketch of its history, 544-
Churchill, Charles, 87, 792 Cicero, partiality of Dr. Middleton towards, 348; the most eloquent and skilful of ad. vocates, 348; his epistles in his banishment, 357; his opinion of the study of rhetoric,
Cider, proposal of a tax on, by the Bute ad- ministration, 796
Civilisation, England's progress in, due to the people, 121
Civil privileges and political power identical,
Civil war, its evils the price of our liberty, 18; conduct of the Long Parliament in reference to it, 66, 77
Clarendon, Lord, his character, 88, 89; his testimony in favour of Hampden, 199, 208, 209, 217, 219; his literary merit, 347; his position at the head of affairs, 13, 14-17; his faulty style, 22; his opposition to the growing power of the Commons, 31; his temper, 32
Clarke, Dr. Samuel, 543 Clarkson, Thomas, 726 Classical learning, love of, in Italy in the 14th century, 33
Clavering, General, 610; his opposition to Hastings, 612, 615; his appointment as Go- vernor-General, 617; his defeat, 619; his death, 619
Cleveland, Duchess of, her favour to Wy. cherley and Churchill, 572, 573 Clifford, Lord, his character, 434; his retire- ment, 439; his talent for debate, 445 Clive, Lord, review of Sir John Malcolm's Life of, 497-541; his family and boyhood, 498, 499; his shipment to India, 498; his arrival at Madras, and position there, 499; obtains an ensign's commission in the Company's service, 501; his attack, capture, and defence of Arcot, 505-508; his subse- quent proceedings, 509, 510; his marriage and return to England, 510; his reception, 510; enters Parliament, 510; returns to India, 511; his subsequent proceedings, 511-520; his conduct towards Omichund, 519; his pecuniary acquisitions, 521, 522; his transactions with Meer Jaffir, 521, 522; appointed Governor of the Company's pos sessions in Bengal, 523; his dispersion of
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