...country as it does to the culture imported from the old country. Horace Kallen's classic observation— "an Irishman is always an Irishman, a Jew always a Jew. Irishman or Jew is" bom; citizen, lawyer, or church-member is made" 138 —does not apply if the culture of Jewish and...

...Structure of Lasting Peace (1918), he had completely naturalized ethnicity as an immutable category: So an Irishman is always an Irishman, a Jew always...citizen and church-member are artefacts in civilization. (31) Kallen made a particularly sharp distinction between natural descent affiliations and artificial...

...bald terms race and nationality obtained once and forever, it had to be culture that was adaptable. "So an Irishman is always an Irishman, a Jew always...born; citizen, lawyer, or church-member is made." Therefore natural groups like the Irish or the Jews could not be destroyed without destroying their...

...Ethnicity is an ascribed status; one can adapt it to circumstances, even deny it, but one cannot change it: "An Irishman is always an Irishman, a Jew always a Jew. Irishman or Jew is born; citizen, lawyer or church member is made," once wrote Horace Kallen." Occupation is ascribed to a lesser degree, only...

...were permanent and natural: "[A]n Irishman is always an Irishman, a Jew is always a Jew. Irishman or a Jew is born; citizen, lawyer or church-member is made....Irishman and Jew are facts in nature; citizen and church member are artifacts in civilization." 34 It is a stance that omits a fair number of questions—they...