administration of such law as Utopian. Even realpolitiker, like Mr. Root, and congenital tories, like Mr. Roosevelt, will admit that in our present alliance against the murderous German dynasty necessity has forced at terrible cost what intelligence could have achieved with ease. We of America and our allies are to-day under duress of becoming avowedly what we have long been unconsciously, a coöperative economic community. We do maintain what is practically a free trade, we have pooled our carriers, we have internationalized the world's highways, we are preventing profiteering in restraint of international trade. Our commerce with our allies has become a rudimentary interstate commerce. Our economic interests are socialized, and the socialization is in effect a limitation upon the sovereignty of each state in the alliance. At the same time the acknowledgment and recognition of the social personalities, the nationalities within the alliance, is enhanced, even of Australia and Canada. That is what coöperation does. If it is an advantage for the wastage

of war, what may it not mean for the creativity of peace! Its form and technique need only to be studied, perfected, and extended, to become the form and technique of the life of nations under the provisions of a democratically established peace.

V

NATIONALITY, CITIZENSHIP, AND THE EUROPEAN STATE SYSTEM

WHEN, a year or two ago, President

Wilson uttered his historic reproach

of the "hyphenated American," he brought for an instant into the foreground of public opinion a little-considered quality of the existence of men which is basic to the solution of all problems of their relationships. Hyphenation is not political merely, it pervades the whole of life, increasing proportionately as civilization advances. Fundamentally it designates union and correlation, not separation, nor division. Every man is a hyphenate. Every man is the centre of an aggregate of relationships, which are normally coöperative and frequently conflicting. Every man's life is a constant compromise and choosing between alternatives so incompatible that all may not be completely satisfied at the same time. No man is, or can be, exclusively one thing