successional crops provided for. In taking up celery from the trenches for use, it is best to begin at one end of a row, and dig quite down to the roots, loosening them with the spade, and drawing them up entire. Careful attention to the earthing up of the plants is the best preventive of early decay; and where such attention is given, celery will sometimes remain sound and good for a length of time, and on the approach of frosty weather, a quantity of dry litter spread over the plants will be the only requisite for preserving them from the effects of cold. Some persons arch over the trenches with hoops, and cover them with mats, or make a kind of roof with boards placed in a slanting position, and leaning against each other. During a severe frost it is almost impossible to dig up celery without doing much injury to the blanched leaf stalks; therefore a dozen or two of the finest plants should be taken up before the setting in of frost, and preserved in dry sand in a cellar, or warm shed. The blanched leaf-stalks of celery form our most important salad from the end of July or beginning of August until the succeeding March; they are likewise used to flavour soups, and are sometimes boiled or stewed as a dinner vegetable. Loudon says, "In Italy, the unblanched leaves are used in soups; and when neither the blanched nor the green leaves can be had, the seeds, bruised, form a good substitute." If celery is neglected, it degenerates into its first unpalatable growth. Celeriac, or turnip-rooted celery (Apium rapaceum), is not so much known or cultivated in this country as it deserves to be. It is in high estimation on the Continent as an ingredient in soups, to which it is said to impart a much finer flavour than the common celery. It is propagated by seeds, sown in a light rich soil; but celeriac seed, when purchased, cannot at all times be trusted. "Until 1831," says Towers, "when a friend gave me a packet procured at Boulogne, under the title of celeri-rave, I never obtained celeriac. This seed was sown in a shallow drill, (though a hot-bed would have been better,) and the young plants were removed to nursery rows, richly manured. They retained every appearance of celery till their final removal; when, being planted fifteen inches asunder, the leaves took a horizon tal direction without elongating." For those who wish to raise this plant, we give the necessary directions for its culture. The time of sowing is the same as for the other sorts. The plants require a rich soil, and are with advantage raised beneath a hand-glass, and afterwards planted out into another hot-bed, one inch and a half apart. They are finally transplanted into a flat bed in the open air, fifteen inches apart, and not in trenches like other celery. They require abundance of water when first set out, and a constant supply every alternate day, afterwards. The waterings are increased with the growth of the plant, and occasional hoeings are given. The roots are fit for use in September or October, and remain in season, according to the treatment they receive, until January: they are rough, knobby processes, covered with fibres. In order to save celery seed of either kind, one or two of the finest plants must be allowed to go to flower; and if exposed to the influence of the wind they will require the support of a stake. The seed, when perfectly ripened, will retain its vegetative power for three or four years, provided it be kept perfectly dry. Celery has been known to come up in large quantities where no seed had been planted for three years or more previously, thus showing how long it may lie in the ground without vegetating. In the instance referred to the soil had been occupied with other crops, such as cabbages, potatoes, &c., and the celery crop had been long given up as lost; when it most unexpectedly made its appearance. Several hundred plants came up, and were removed to trenches, not one being left for seed, yet in the following year several pants again made their appearance on the same spot. Other employments for the gardener in Septe are the sowing of lettuce once or twice; of can stand the winter; of radish for autumn and crops; of small salading two or three times accord demand; and of Welsh or white onions to stand winter. He has also to transplant York and Batter spring-sown cabbages to come in in November remove lettuces, leeks, and endive, into trenches warm borders; also to plant out brocoli for the time, for the latest spring supply. Celery may be t planted once or twice, but it will not grow to the size as that which was placed in the trenches in August. Potato-digging is also carried on, ground effectually cleansed. Onions are to be up, and exposed for a few days to the full influe the sun. There will be much litter for removal, month advances, and as the trees begin to she leaves. Every species of vegetable substance ma a valuable addition to the compost heap, or be b produce vegetable ashes as manure for heavy so Those who wish to cultivate that hardy and some salad called winter cress must make their in September and October. Winter cress, hedge mustard (Erysimum præcox), has a wa gent taste, nearly like that of the common mus the young leaves form a grateful addition to any time of the year, and more especially i This plant may be cultivated either as an ann nial, or perennial. It is a native of this count many other parts of Europe; but it is doubtfu in America it may be considered an indigen Of late years it has been partially supers milder variety called Normandy cress, first in the garden at Claremont. The mode of simple, and consists in sowing it in a rich li the period above named, for a winter supply, months of March, April, and May, for su About half an ounce of seed sown thinly i each time will be found to produce a good su When the young plants come up and are strong, they should be thinned out with the inch hoe, to give them room to spread, as i outward leaves that are used, after being car and washed. This variety is as hardy as cress; but it is desirable to give it temp in very severe weather, as the leaves will th in fit condition for the table. As a breakfa Norinandy cress is recommended as ag wholesome; but while water-cress is so ab country, and so largely cultivated in the n of large towns, it is not probable that th these sorts of winter cress, which do not fer in flavour, will be much sought for. WHIRLWINDS IN THE STRAIT OF MA ON the north shore we noticed some extra of the whirlwinds which so frequently occu Fuego. The crews of sealing vessels call The south-west gales, which blow upon the waws," or "hurricane-squalls," and they ar treme fury, are pent up and impeded in r highlands; when, increasing in power, they over the edges of precipices, expand, as i scending perpendicularly, destroy everythin surface of the water, when struck by t agitated as to be covered with foam, which them, and flies before their fury until dis Ships at anchor under high land are sor thrown over on their beam-ends, and t JOHN W. PARKER, Pr of Henry the y lease, down irst, at which Temples were Westminster, capitalia mes e et le Middle to Sir Julius easurer of the in benchers of the said manfor ever, for professors and ent from each pounds. ags at present ption of which ected probably ebuilt after the w entrance in small dimenpaintings by Sir distinguished those of the as commentator the reigns of which is open librarian, from noon, from two pally of extenor chambers. hambers, is as t of chambers rents of which the Temple for inders, though to the principal 's Bench walk, office; Churchward, &c. The ns is given by which we select rden was begun afterwards seroverseers of the here in 20 Hen. He also built nd Barrington's which respect it ,25 Hen. VIII., enceforth called that court, now by reason of Sir e there) were first n 26 Hen. VIII., haw's Rents." d near the Alienaby an order of the at John Fuller was Liddle Temple Lane, hereof the prothonoept) were erected by this society. dgings of rough cast he hall on the east part hereof Sir Julius Caesar, e 3007.; in consideration any gentleman into the buildings are still called attracted by its beautiful flower borders, turf walks, view from it up and down mated; and as these gardens are much frequented. Shaksis historical play of Henry the s the scene of the origin of the caster. a broad paved terrace which forms an e Saturday Magazine, Vol. XXI., pp. 73, 97. in the said city, and teach the laws there for the time to come; and if any shall set up such schools there, they cause them to cease without delay. Witness the king at Basing, December 2." These "inns," from their first institution, were formed into two great divisions, namely, Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery. The former were so called, either because the students in them were preparing to serve the king's courts, or because these students were the sons of the nobility and gentry, while the latter, probably, derived their name from their supposed appropriation to such clerks as chiefly studied the proving of writs*. The following interesting description of these ancient inns is from Selden's Translation of the work, De laudibus Legum Angliæ, of Sir John Fortescue, Lord Chief Justice, and afterwards Lord Chancellor to Henry the Sixth. "But, my prince, that the method and form of the study of the law may the better appear, I will proceed and describe it to you in the best manner I can. There belong to it ten lesser inns, and sometime more, which are called the Inns of Chancery, in each of which there are an hundred students at the least; and in some of them, a far greater number, though not constantly residing. The students are, for the most part, young men; here they study the nature of ORIGINAL and JUDICIAL WRITS, which are the very first principles of the law. After they have made some progress here, and are more advanced in years, they are admitted into the Inns of Court, properly so called. Of these there are four in number. In that which is the least frequented there are about two hundred students. In these greater inns a student cannot well be maintained under eight-and-twenty pounds a year; and if he have a servant to wait on him, (as for the most part they have,) the expense is proportionably more. For this reason the students are sons to persons of quality, those of an inferior rank not being able to bear the expenses of maintaining and educating their children in this way. As to the merchants, they seldom care to lessen their stock in trade by living at such large yearly expenses; so that there is scarce to be found. throughout the kingdom, an eminent lawyer who is not a gentleman by birth and fortune, consequently they have a greater regard for their character and honour than those who are bred in another way. There is both in the inns of court and the inns of chancery a sort of academy, or gymnasium, fit for persons of their station, where they learn singing and all kinds of music, dancing, and such other accomplishments and diversions (which are called revels) as are suitable to their quality, and such as are usually practised at court. At other times, out of term, the greater part apply themselves to the study of the law. Upon festival days, and after the offices of the church are over, they employ themselves in the study of sacred and profane history. Here everything which is good and virtuous is to be learned; all vice is discouraged and banished, so that knights, barons, and the greatest nobility of the kingdom often place their children in these inns of court, not so much to make the laws their study, much less to live by the profession, (having large patrimonies of their own,) but to form their manners, and to preserve them from the contagion of vice. The discipline is so excellent, that there is scarce ever known to be any piques or differences, any bickerings or disturbances, amongst them. The only way they have of punishing delinquents is by expelling them the society, which punishment they dread more than criminals do imprisonment and irons; for he who is expelled out of one society is never taken in by any of the other; whence it happens that there is a constant harmony amongst them, the greatest friendship, and a general freedom of conversation. I need not be particular in describing the manner and method how the laws are studied in these places, since your highness is never like to be a student there. But I may say in the general, that it is pleasant, excellently well adapted for proficiency, and every way worthy of your esteem and encouragement. One thing more I will beg leave to observe, viz., that neither at Orleans, where both the canon and civil laws are professed and studied, and whither students resort from all parts, neither at Angiers, Caen, nor any other university in France, (Paris excepted,) are there so many students who have The word Chancery (Cancellaria) is derived from Chancellor (Canceliarius) the original meaning of which is one who is stationed at the lattice-work of a window or door-way to introduce visitors, &c. In another sense Cancellarius was a kind of legal scribe, so called from his position at the cancelli of the courts of law, passed their minority, as in our inns of court, where the natives only are admitted." At the time to which Fortescue refers, there were four inns of court and ten inns of chancery. The former still remain, but the number of the latter is now reduced to eight, of which one only, namely, Clifford's Inn, belongs to the original ten. The destruction of the records renders the origin of these inns very obscure. According to Dugdale, there was an inn of court at Dowgate, called "Johnson's Inn;" another at Fewter's, or Fetter's-lane, and a third at Paternosterrow, from which last, probably, originated the custom of serjeants-at-law and apprentices sitting in Paul's-walk, each at his own pillar, hearing his client's case, and taking notes thereof on his knee. A vestige of this custom remained in the time of Charles the First, when, upon the making of serjeants, they used to go in their formalities to St. Paul's church to choose their pillar. Stowe, in his Survey, originally written in 1598, enumerates these Inus in the following terms: "There is in and about this city a whole university, as it were, of students, practisers or pleaders, and judges of the laws of this realm, not living of common stipends, as in other universities it is for the most part done, but of their own private maintenance, as being altogether fed either by their places or practice, or otherwise by their proper revenues, or exhibition of parents and friends; for that the younger sort are either gentlemen, or sons of gentlemen, or of other most wealthy persons. Of these houses there be at this day fourteen in all, whereof nine do stand within the liberties of this city, and five in the suburbs thereof, to wit: "Within the Liberties.-Serjeant's Inn, in Fleet-street; Serjeant's Inn, in Chancery-lane; for judges and serjeants only. The Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, in Fleet-street; houses of court. "Clifford's Inn, in Fleet-street; Thavies Inn, in Oldborne; Furnival's Inn, in Oldborne; Barnard's Inn, in Oldborne; Staple Inn, in Oldborne; houses of chancery. "Without the Liberties.-Gray's Inn, in Oldborne; Lincoln's Inn, in Chancery-lane, by the Old Temple; houses of court. “Clement's Inn, New Inn, Lion's Inn; houses of chancery without Temple-bar, in the liberty of Westminster. "There was some time an inne of serjeants in Oldbourne, as ye may read of Scroop's Inne, over against Saint Andrew's church. "There was also one other inn of chancery, called Chester's Inn, for the nearness to the Bishop of Chester's house, but more commonly termed Strand Inn, for that it stood in Strand-street, and near unto Strand-bridge, without Temple-barre, in the liberty of the Dutchy of Lancaster. This inn of chancery, with other houses near adjoining, were pulled down in the reign of Edward the Sixth, by Edward, Duke of Somerset, who in place thereof raised that large and beautiful house, but yet unfinished, called Somerset House*. "There was, moreover, in the reign of King Henrie the First, a tenth house of chancery, mentioned by Justice Fortescue, in his book of the Laws of England; but where it stood, or when it was abandoned, I cannot finde. "These societies are no corporation, nor have any judicial power over the members, but have certain orders among themselves, which by consent have the force of laws. They have no lands or revenues, except their house; nor have they any thing to defray the charges of the house but what is paid at admittances and quit-rents for their chambers, when any fall to the house. "The gentlemen of these societies may be divided into four ranks: I. Benchers; II. Utter Barristers; III. Inner Barristers; IV. Students. "Benchers are the seniors, to whom the government of the house and ordering of matters thereof is committed; and out of these a treasurer is yearly chosen, who receiveth, disburseth, and accounteth for all monies belonging to the house. "Utter barristers are such as, from their learning and standing, are called by the benchers to implead and argue in the society doubtful cases and questions, which are called moots; and whilst they argue the said cases, they sit uttermost on the forms of the benchers, which they call *A historical notice of Somerset House will be found in Saturday' Magazine, Vol. XXI., p. 27. the bar. And the rest of the society are accounted inner barristers, who, for want of learning or time, are not to argue in these moots; yet in a moot before the benchers, two of these, sitting upon the same form with the utter barristers, do for their exercises recite by heart the pleadings of the same moot-case in law French; which pleading is the declaration of the said moot-case at large; the one taking the part of the plaintiff, and the other of the defendant. For the times of these mootings they divide the year into three parts; viz. 1, the learning vacation; 2, the term times; and 3, the dead or mean vacation. "They have two learning vacations: viz., Lent vacation, which begins the first Monday in Lent, and continues three weeks and three days; and summer vacation, which begins the Monday after Lammas-day, and continues also three weeks and three days; and in these vacations are the greatest conferences and exercises of study." SECTION 2. THE INNER AND MIDDLE Temple. The Temple has derived its name from that religious military order the Knights Templars, whose history has already been sketched in this work. On the suppression of the order, in 1310, their estates together with the house in London devolved upon the crown; and these were granted, by Edward II., in 1313, to Thomas, earl of Lancaster. After the attainder of that nobleman, they were bestowed on Adomar or Aimer de Valence, earl of Pembroke, under the description of "the whole place and houses called the New Temple, at London, with the ground called Fiquet's Croft, and all the tenements and rents with the appurtenances that belong to the Templars in the city of London and suburbs thereof, with the land called Flete Croft, part of the possessions of the said New Temple." From Aimer de Valence the estate passed to Hugh le Despencer the younger; and on his execution it once more reverted to the crown. In the year 1324, the Council of Vienne having issued a decree whereby the lands of the Templars were bestowed upon the hospitals of St. John of Jerusalem, Edward III. granted the house of the Inner Temple to the knights of that order in England. By them it was demised, for the rent of ten pounds per annum, to certain students of the common law, who are supposed to have removed from Thavies Inn, in Holborn. The new institution increased rapidly in numbers and importance, until the rebellion of Wat Tyler exposed it to the attacks of the insurgents, who destroyed the books and records of the society. According to Stowe, "they destroyed and plucked down the houses and lodgings of this Temple, took out of the church the books and records that were in hutches of the apprentices of the law, carried them into the streets and burnt them; the house they spoilt, for wrath they bare Sir Robert Hales, lord prior of St. John's, in Smithfield." The fury of the populace in times of civil commotion has been commonly displayed against the law and its ministers: the feeling of sympathy which prompts the rebels to throw open and set fire to the prisons, generates the opposite feeling, which displays itself against the houses of lawyers and the courts of justice. Shakspeare has given a graphic picture of these vulgar prejudices, in the scenes which introduce Jack Cade and his companion rebels: "Dick. The first thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers. "Cade. Nay, that I mean to do. Is not this a lamentable thing, that the skin of an innocent lamb should be made parchment? that parchment, being scribbled_o'er, should undo a man? Some say the bee stings: but I say it is the bee's wax, for I did but seal once to a thing, and I was never mine own man since. Now go, some, and pull down the Savoy; others to the inns of court! down with them all!" * * The destruction of the records by Wat Tyler, causes the early history of the Temple to rest upon tradition merely. The increased prosperity of the society evidently led to a division into two separate bodies, called the Society of the Inner Temple and the Society of the Middle Temple; but at what time this division was made does not appear, although some writers refer it to the reign of Richard the Second. The two societies continued to hold their houses as tenants to the Knights Hospitallers till the time of their See a course of articles on the " Round Churches of England," in the Twenty-first Volume of the Saturday Magazine. | dissolution, in the thirtieth year of the reign of Henry the Eighth, when they held under the crown, by lease, down to the sixth year of the reign of James the First, at which time the whole of the buildings of the two Temples were granted, by letters patent, bearing date at Westminster, 13th August, by the name of "Hospicia et capitalia messuagia cognita per nomen de le Inner Temple et le Middle Temple, sive Novi Temple, London," unto Sir Julius Cæsar, knight, then chancellor and under-treasurer of the Exchequer, and to the treasurers and certain benchers of these inns of court; "to have and to hold the said mansions, with the gardens and appurtenances, for ever, for lodgings, reception, and education of the professors and students of the laws of this realm," on payment from each society to the king of the yearly sum of ten pounds. The only portion of the ancient buildings at present remaining is the church, a history and description of which has been already given. The old hall, erected probably about the time of Edward the Third, was rebuilt after the great fire in 1678, and was adorned with a new entrance in 1816. It is a fine room; but of somewhat small dimensions; it is ornamented with emblematical paintings by Sir James Thornhill, and many portraits of distinguished lawyers, among which may be mentioned those of the celebrated Littleton, who died in 1481, and his commentator Coke, a distinguished lawyer and judge in the reigns of James the First and Charles the First. The Inner Temple contains a good library, which is open to students and others, on application to the librarian, from ten in the morning till one; and in the afternoon, from two till six. The other buildings consist principally of extensive courts or squares, surrounded by houses or chambers. Each house, consisting of several sets of chambers, is ascended by a common staircase; and each set of chambers usually occupies the half of one floor, the rents of which differ in proportion to situation, size, &c. The various divisions of the buildings in the Temple for the most part retain the names of their founders, though others are denominated from their vicinity to the principal offices and other circumstances; as the King's Bench walk, from being situated near the King's Bench office; Churchyard court, from its adjoining the churchyard, &c. The origin of these and several other erections is given by Dugdale, in his Origines Juridiciales, from which we select the following: "The wall betwixt the Thames and the garden was begun in 16 Hen. VIII., Mr. John Pakington (afterwards serjeant at law) and Mr. Rice being appointed overseers of the work. This Mr. Pakington was treasurer here in 20 Hen. VIII., and caused the hall to be tiled. He also built divers chambers, between the library and Barrington's Rents, and gave 10l. to the treasury; for which respect it was ordered by the society, 5th of February, 25 Hen. VIII., that those new chambers should be thenceforth called Pakington's Rents. The lodgings in that court, now known by the name of Tanfield court (by reason of Sir Laurence Tanfield, chief baron's residence there) were first erected by Henry Bradshaw, treasurer, in 26 Hen. VIII., whence they were long after called Bradshaw's Rents." "In 2 Eliz. were those buildings raised near the Alienation office, and called Fuller's Rents, by an order of the society, 22 Nov. 5 Eliz., by reason that John Fuller was then treasurer. "In 23 Eliz. those lodgings in the Middle Temple Lane, called Crompton's Buildings (in part whereof the prothonotaries' office of the common pleas is kept) were erected by Thomas Crompton, Esq., a member of this society. "In 38 Eliz. there were divers lodgings of rough cast work built betwixt the church and the hall on the east part of that court; towards the charge thereof Sir Julius Cæsar, knight, then master of the rolls, gave 3007.; in consideration whereof he had power to admit any gentleman into the society during his life which buildings are still called Cæsar's Buildings." The visitor to the Temple is attracted by its beautiful garden, which is laid out with flower borders, turf walks, and gravel promenades. The view from it up and down the river is pleasing and animated; and as these gardens are open to the public they are much frequented. Shakspeare, in the first part of his historical play of Henry the Sixth, makes these gardens the scene of the origin of the factions of York and Lancaster. Before the hall is a broad paved terrace which forms an * See Saturday Magazine, Vol. XXI., pp. 73, 97. excellent promenade when the gardens are not sufficiently dry. In wet weather the cloisters allow the student to exercise his limbs, although the ancient purpose to which this sheltered walk was applied seems now to be forgotten. It was formerly customary amongst the Temple students to assemble in the cloisters towards evening, and exercise themselves by putting points of law and arguing them amongst themselves. When the old Temple cloisters had been destroyed by the great fire of London, Lord Nottingham was requested by the Society of the Middle Temple to obtain the assent of his society to a plan they had formed of building chambers on the site. But he rejected the proposal at once, declaring that he would not consent that impediments should be thrown in the way of those who desired to continue the laudable custom of putting cases. Sir Christopher Wren, however, by building chambers over the cloisters, reconciled the wishes of both. As our object in these notices is to make the reader acquainted with the inns of court as they were in the days of their mootings, revels, and feastings, we select a description of the interior of the Inner Temple Hall, made by Mr. Ireland at the commencement of the present century, before it had undergone much alteration. He says: "It is very well proportioned, though small: the ceiling has a gothic curve, and is supported by six ribs in the same bend; these spring (which is somewhat singular) irregularly from the new piers on the north side, as well as from the south or old front. The ribs are ornamented with grotesque figures, and the spaces between, in the ceiling, are filled up with large uncouth forms of roses in chiaro-oscuro. At the lower end of the room is a neat screen, supported by four pillars of the Tuscan order, above which is a small shield with the letters I. T. R. inscribed thereon (the initials of the name of the treasurer at that time), on the dexter side is a Pegasus, and on the sinister a griffin; the date is 1680. Above this shield is a large king's arms, carved in wood. On the right of the passage, at the grand entrance, are two very ancient apartments, that appear to have been out-offices; they are ceiled with groined arches, and the gothic windows are in part blocked up: they denote the full extent of the ancient buildings belonging to the hall. Between the two ancient windows at the upper end of the hall, within a gothic compartment, is a large allegorical picture, painted by Sir James Thornhill, in 1709. He has here introduced the story of Pegasus, in compliment to the crest of the society. Beneath this picture are whole lengths of William and Mary, Queen Anne, and the learned Coke and Littleton in their robes; Coke appears to be, though not original, at least well painted. About seven years ago these pictures were taken down, and I am informed, by a gentleman who examined them at the time, that they had been much repaired in the faces, and that the picture of Coke is the work of one Wright, who was employed by the city to paint portraits of the judges for Guildhall, after the fire of London. In the books of the society we are informed that new frames were made for both these pictures in 1694. The portrait of Littleton is most likely a copy from some old picture painted in his life-time. Dr. Littleton, who died Bishop of Carlisle, and was descended from the judge, believed it to have been taken from a painting of him in glass in a church in Worcestershire, and to the best of his recollection it was that of Frankley. "In the portrait of Coke his heard is white, and the hair under his coif of a light brown; this circumstance, says the Hon. Daines Barrington, may be considered as a rare instance, the white hair testifying his wisdom, while the bright brown may be construed as a mark of the vigour of his understanding. He died at the advanced age of eightysix, in 1634. Among these portraits, at the latter end of the last century, there hung one of a remarkable person, the infamous Chancellor Jeffries; it was a whole length, painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller, for the society in the reign of Charles the Second, and for which he was paid fifty pounds. In the succeeding reign of James the Second this chancellor became most deservedly unpopular, and in 1693 the portrait of such a man being considered as of no credit to the society, it was ordered by the bench to be removed, that no further indignity might be shown to it, and that Mr. Treasurer do declare to the Lord Jefferies, his son, that at his lordship's desire, the house do make a present to his lordship of his father's picture, now in Mr. Holloway's chamber, who is desired to deliver the same to his lordship or his order.' It was accordingly delivered to his lordship, and was conveyed to the family house at Acton, near Wrexham, in Denbighshire. "From the upper end of the hall we entered a handsome spacious parlour, lined with oak, and decorated around, on the upper part of the wainscot, with the arms of the various readers of this society, consisting of about 350, emblazoned in small compartments, from the time of Henry the Sixth to the present period. The earliest name of a reader introduced here is that of Thomas Littleton, who was a Knight of the Bath in that reign. This room is called the Parliament Chamber, and here the treasurer and benchers of the society meet to transact their business, which from hence is called parliamentary. "Over the chimney in this apartment are some carvings of allegorical figures, birds, fishes, wheat-sheafs, &c.; above these ornaments, which are but indifferently executed, are the arms of the society, a Pegasus within a shield, on which is inscribed, "Thomas Walker, Ar. 1705.' "From hence we enter several handsome apartments, appropriated to the purposes of a library, which by several donations is furnished with books to the amount of 10,000, for the use of the gentlemen of the inn. In this library are a few portraits, viz., George the Second, Queen Caroline, Carey, Lord Hunsdon, which appears to be an original; Judge Twisden, a small whole length; Finch, earl of Nottingham, Sir Martin Wright, Lord Chancellor Harcourt, and William Petyt, Esq., who gave many valuable MSS. to this society. This gentleman was Recorder of London in the time of Charles the Second, and ably exerted himself against that monarch, when he strove to deprive the citizens of their charter, by a writ of quo warranto. In this exertion he is well known to have succeeded." The two Temples are separated by Middle Temple lane, a long narrow street, which extends to the water side. The entrance to it from Fleet-street is by a gateway, which is said to have been erected by Sir Amias Powlet, in place of one destroyed by a great fire. It appears that Sir Amias, about the year 1501, thought fit to put Wolsey, then an obscure priest of Lymington, into the stocks. This affront was not forgotten when Wolsey became cardinal; for, in 1515, Sir Amias was summoned to London, and commanded to wait the favourite's orders. He was therefore lodged, during five or six years, in this gateway, which he rebuilt; and, to pacify his eminence, he adorned the front with the cardinal's cap, badges, cognizance, and other devices, very glorious manner." in & The courts and squares, the gardens and fountain of the Middle Temple, do not call for particular remark or description. Its hall is deservedly celebrated, and is thus noticed by Ireland : "On entering this magnificent hall, the eye is naturally attracted, and receives every gratification from an assemblage of the best disposed parts in the gothic style of building that could have been selected, and which are preserved with a degree of care and attention highly creditable to the members of this honourable society. The length of this noble room, including the passage, is about 100 feet, the width about 40. The height of the roof, which is of oak, highly wrought, is well proportioned to the general dimensions of the building, and leaves the eye of the critical observer perfectly satisfied. The roof consists of eight principal rafters, projecting from the side-walls to support it; they reach the summit by three different curves, one richly carved and moulded, and have, at the extremity of each curve, a bold pendant ornament. "There are also gothic ribs springing from each of the principal rafters, that give a richness to the whole of the design. The spacious windows, rising between each rafter, are decorated with coats of arms in stained glass, of the various noblemen and gentlemen who have been members of this honourable society. The rebuilding of this elegant structure was begun in the year 1562, when the celebrated Plowden was constituted treasurer for this work; it was finished in 1572, four years after he quitted that office, but he voluntarily consented to superintend it till it was completed. At the west end of this elegant hall is a spacious gothic window, decorated in the same style with those preceding, beneath which are several whole-length portraits in oil, as large as life, viz., in the centre Charles the First on horseback, with his page holding his helmet; Charles the Second and Queen Anne on his right, and William the Third and George the First on his left." Mr. Ireland says that this portrait of Charles the First is undoubtedly a copy, after Vandyke; said to have been made by Sir Peter Lely, but rather the work of one Stone, |