Now that such a signal act of violence as this was most displeasing in the sight of God, we cannot doubt. And certainly it is remarkable, that in this forest so many of William's near relatives died by what we cannot style natural causes. There he lost his second son Richard, who perished, Camden tells us, by the effects of a pestilential blast; there fell his grandson, Richard, son of Robert Duke of Normandy, who met his death from his hair having become entangled in the boughs of a tree, as he was eagerly pursuing the chase; and there lastly did his third son and successor William Rufus (so called from the red colour of his hair, or his ruddy complexion) end his life, being struck by an arrow, which, being aimed at a stag, accidentally glanced against a tree, and pierced him through his heart. Such a series of calamities might not unnaturally lead all men of that age, on the death of Rufus, to exclaim, as Hume tells us, from the old historians, they did, that as the Conqueror had been guilty of extreme violence, by expelling all the inhabitants of that large district, to make room for his game, the just vengeance of heaven was signalized in the same place by the slaughter of his posterity.

On viewing the present state of the New Forest, it is, we find, not only amongst the few of the royal forests which retain any considerable degree of their ancient consequence, but also superior to the rest, on account of the vast extent of its boundaries, the beauty and variety of its contents, and the grandeur of its everchanging scenes. In point of extent, indeed, through the additions of William's successors, it considerably exceeds what are described as its original limits. Bounded now by the natural lines of the county, the Southampton water, the river Avon, and the sea, it comprehends within it a district of about fifty miles, in the form of an irregular triangle, which is wide at the south, and draws, as it were, to a point towards the northern extremity. Its natural soil is generally very poor, and never could have been well suited for receiving a very high degree of cultivation; but at the same time it is admirably adapted for the production of timber, very large proportions of which have continually been supplied from its woods for the support of our national shipbuilding.

In the time of William each forest seems to have had its peculiar government, with its own laws and regulations, and these, differing very little from each other, were in their nature grievous and oppressive in the extreme. Their mischievous effects have, however, long since been essentially abated. The mere form of government in the New Forest remains nearly the same in the present day as it was in the time of William I., and the several officers who bear rule in it are known by the same titles as then. But the powers which they now enjoy are scarcely to be compared with those with which they were formerly invested. The chief officer of this forest is the Lord-Warden, who is generally some person of distinction. Under him are two distinct appointments of officers; the one to preserve the venison, under which name is included all kinds of game; the other to preserve the vert, by which is understood the woods and lawns which shelter and feed the game.

Of the former of these two classes the first are the two Rangers. But their office, as well as that of Bowbearer, and some others, have long been mere honorary appointments, their duties being actually discharged by the Keepers. These are fifteen in number, who each

On the other hand, with regard to the woods of the forest, which were originally valued only as covers for game, the chief officer under the Lord Warden is the Woodward, whose employment, as his title denotes, is to inspect the woods. He prevents waste, sees that the young trees are properly fenced, and assigns the timber to be felled for the forest expenses. Under the woodward are twelve Regarders, to whom he entrusts the active discharge of the duties of his office.

But beside these officers, who are in the appointment of the Lord Warden, there are four others, called Verderers, who are elected by the freeholders of the county. Their office is of great importance, and is therefore commonly filled by gentlemen of property and influence in the neighbourhood. Since the courts of the Justices-in-Eyre have ceased to exercise their jurisdiction, the verderers are the only judges of the Forest Courts. The office itself is very ancient, the name of verderer being found in the earliest account of forest law. Each verderer had formerly a right to course, and take what deer he pleased, in his way to the Forest Court; but this privilege is now exchanged for the annual fee of a buck and a doe. Their office has no salary. In addition to these ancient officers of the New Forest, there is one of later date who has been appointed since timber has become so valuable for the building of what have been so happily styled the Wooden Walls of England. He is called the Purveyor; and his business is to assign timber from the woods for the use of the navy-yards. The origin of this appointment is as late as the time of Charles II., when no less than five hundred oaks and fifty beeches were annually supplied to the king's yards. But this quantity of oak being found to be so great as to threaten the total exhaustion of the forest, was afterwards reduced to sixty trees.

The town of Lyndhurst, which is situated nearly in the centre of the Forest, has ever been regarded as a kind of capital of the district. Here stands the principal lodge, which is the residence of the Lord Warden, when he is in the Forest, and well known by the royal title of the King's House. Here also was exercised the jurisdiction of the Chief Justice-in-Eyre for this Forest, of which there is no trace since the time of Charles II. Here also the verderers now hold their courts. The King's House is but a very indifferent building, yet, as its name implies, it has been honoured by the sojourn of some of the kings of England within its walls. The stables which stand opposite to it for the reception of the royal horses and staghounds, were probably considered to be on a magnificent scale when first erected. They now present to the view a large square building with a turret at each end, which is supposed to be of the time of Charles II. At the lodge a spear is shown, which is said to have been worn by William Rufus when he fell.

The last of our monarchs who visited this lodge was George III., who spent a few days here on his way to Weymouth in 1789. D. I. Ě.

The Justices-in-Eyre were officers instituted by Henry II., A.D. 1184. They were itinerant judges, who held their courts regularly for the hearing and determining all trespasses in the forests, all claims of franchises, liberties, and privileges, and all pleas and causes whatever arising therein.-BLACKSTONE.

ON THE MANUFACTURE OF TIN-PLATE. Few persons are in the habit of noticing the fact, that the names of many articles which are in every-day use, are quite erroneous, and that the very mention of those names involves a mistake no less egregious than that of substituting one thing for another, the properties of which are altogether different; thus, we speak of sealingwax, which is composed of resin and colouring matter; we write with black-lead pencils, in which not a particle of lead exists; a deadly poisonous salt we call sugar of lead; a powerfully corrosive acid we call oil of vitriol; to a tea-kettle made of iron we prefix the word tin; and so far despotic is custom, that we are compelled to employ a wrong term to the plates which form the subject of the present article; they are in fact iron plates covered with an exceedingly thin film of tin, to preserve the iron from rust by exposure to a damp air; and hence this superficial coating gives a name not only to the plates, but to a very large variety of articles formed from them.

In the manufacture of tin plate, English bar iron, prepared with great care for this particular purpose, is first cut to the requisite length, and then rolled at the mill into plates of the requisite thinness. These plates are then cut by hand-shears to the sizes suited to the different markets, and as the shearer cuts the plates he piles them in heaps of 250 each (technically called a bor), and places one plate crossways, to keep the boxes separate. The iron plates now go to the scaler, who first bends each plate across the middle, somewhat into the form of a gutter-tile, thus, , preparatory to their being cleansed for tinning, and in order that they may stand erect and separate in the scaling furnace. Previous to the operation of scaling that of cleansing is performed: the plates are steeped for about five minutes in dilute muriatic acid.

When the plates are taken out of the acid, they are placed three in a row upon the floor, then, by means of an iron rod, they are conveyed into the furnace, heated red hot, and remain so until the scales of rust fall off; the plates are then removed to a floor and allowed to cool; they are then straightened and beaten smooth upon a cast iron block. The scaling furnace is heated by flame, directed into it from a fire-place of peculiar construction, and owing to the bent form of the plates, both sides are acted upon by the flame. The workman knows, by the appearance of the plates, whether they have been well scaled; for if the rust be removed, a mottled appearance of blue and white is presented.

The plates are now rolled a second time between a pair of cast-iron rollers, properly hardened and finely polished. This operation makes the plates perfectly smooth, and imparts a sort of polish to their surfaces.

After the process of rolling, the plates are put one by one into troughs, containing water in which bran has been steeped for several days; this liquor is called the lyes. The plates are immersed one at a time, in order to insure the perfect action of the liquid upon them for ten or twelve hours, during which time the plates are inverted once; this process is called working in the lyes. The plates are next steeped in dilute sulphuric acid, in a trough made of thick lead, with internal partitions of the same material. Each division is called a hole, and will contain about a box of plates. The plates are slightly agitated for about an hour, or until they have become perfectly bright, and free from the black spots which previously existed on their surfaces. Great judgment, however, is required in this operation, for if the plates remain too long in the acid, they become blistered; but by long experience, the workmen know the precise moment when the plates should be removed. Both these operations, viz., pickling in the lye and in the acid, are assisted by increasing the temperature of the Iquids. When the plates are removed, they are placed in clean water and scoured with hemp and fine sand, to

remove any remaining portions of rust and impurity, for wherever there is a particle of rust, or even of dust, the tin will not fix. The plates are preserved in fresh water, until the process of tinning commences, and thus they are preserved from contact with the air; for however curious it may appear to preserve polished iron from rust, by placing it in water, yet rust is imparted to iron, not by water, but by moist air.

It will be seen that the foregoing operations are merely preparatory to the process of tinning; for which purpose an iron pot is nearly filled with block and grain tin; and a quantity of tallow, sufficient when melted to cover the surface of the fluid metal to the depth of four inches, is added. The block and grain tin are used in equal proportions: block tin is a less pure state of the metal than grain tin, and is chiefly used on account of economy. The iron pot is heated from a fire-place below, and by flues which go round the pot. The tin soon melts, and with it the grease, which floats on the surface and preserves the melted tin from becoming oxidized by the action of the air; the workmen also say that the grease makes the iron plates take the tin better. Another pot, fixed by the side of the melting pot, is filled with grease, and in this the prepared plates are immersed one by one, before they are tinned, and in which they are allowed to remain as long as the superintendent thinks necessary. From the grease-pot they are removed into the melted tin and placed in a vertical position, about 340 in number, and allowed to remain about an hour and a half, but occasionally more time is necessary to the perfect tinning of the plates. When taken out they are placed on an iron grating, and the superfluous tin drains from them; but notwithstanding this precaution, when they become cold there is always more metal adhering to them than is necessary, and this is taken off by a subsequent and somewhat complicated process called washing.

In the first place, an iron pot is nearly filled with the best grain tin, and melted; another pot, of clean melted tallow or lard, free from salt, stands next to it; there is also a third pot, with a grating, to receive the plates; and a fourth, called the listing-pot, containing melted tin about enough to cover the bottom to the depth of about a quarter of an inch. The annexed diagram will better explain the arrangement of these vessels.

stow.

2

The building in which the pots are fixed is called the The plates are worked from the right to the left of the stow, as will be evident by attending to the uses of the separate pots. No. 1 is the tin pot, No. 2 the wash pot*, No. 3 the grease pot, No. 4 the pan with a grating at the bottom, No. 5 the list pot.

The pots being in working order, the wash man commences operations by putting the tinned plates in the vessel of grain tin called the wash pot. The heat of this large body of melted metal soon melts all the loose tin on the surface of these plates and so deteriorates the quality of the whole mass, that it is usual when sixty take out a quantity of melted metal, equal to three hunor seventy boxes have been washed in the grain tin, to dred-weight, and supply its place with pure grain tin.

When the plates are taken out of the wash pot they are carefully brushed with hemp. The wash man first takes a few plates out of the wash pot and lays them on

* The division in the wash pot (No. 2) is an improvement recently adopted. Its use is to keep the dross of the tin from lodging in that part of the vessel where the last dip is given to the plates.

the stow; he then takes one plate with a pair of tongs in his left hand, and with a brush of hemp held in the right, he brushes one side of the plate; he then turns the plate and brushes the other side, and then dips the plate once more into the melted metal, and quickly withdrawing it, plunges it into the grease pot, No. 3. The reason for dipping the plate twice is, that the brushing immediately after the first dip has not only left marks but has removed some portion of the tin; the second dip rectifies this and imparts a smooth surface to the plate. The dipping of the plates immediately after into the melted tallow requires considerable attention: the object is to remove a portion of the tin; but if the plate be left too long in the grease, or if the latter be too hot, too much metal will run off and the plate would have to be re-dipped. The pot containing the tallow has pins attached to its sides so as to prevent the plates from touching each other. When the wash man has operated on five of the plates, a boy takes out one of them and puts it into the empty pot to cool, and the wash man puts in the sixth plate. The boy then takes out a second plate, and the man puts in his seventh, and so on till the whole parcel is finished.

In consequence of the manner in which the plates are dipped, there is always, when they are cooled, a wire of tin on the lower edge of every plate: this wire is removed thus:-a boy, called the list boy, takes the plates when they are cool enough to handle, and inserts the lower edge of each into the list pot, No. 5, which contains a small portion of melted tin; when the wire of tin is melted by this immersion, the boy takes out the plate and gives it a smart blow with a thin stick, which disengages the wire of superfluous metal, and this falling off, leaves only a faint stripe in the place where it was attached. The plates are now cleansed from the tallow by means of bran, and packed in boxes for sale.

In speaking of the process of washing, Mr. Parkes observes, "A person who has not seen the operation can form but a very inadequate idea of the adroitness with which this is performed; practice, however, gives the workman so much expedition, that he is enabled to make good wages, although he obtains only three-pence for the brushing and metallic-washing of 225 plates. An expert wash-man, if he make the best of his time, will wash twenty-five boxes, consisting of 5625 plates, in twelve hours; notwithstanding every plate must be brushed on both sides, and dipped twice into the pot of melted tin."

BENJAMIN WEST.

EVERY fresh aspect of West's early life had something in it remarkable and romantic. In his youth he was attacked by a fever; and when good medicine and good nursing began to remove his complaint another adversary invaded his repose. This was a shadowy illusion, which, like an image in a dream, was ever unstable, and changing shape as well as hue. It became first visible in the form of a white cow, which, entering at one side of the house, walked over his bed, and vanished. A sow and a litter of pigs succeeded. His sister thought him delirious, and sent for a physician; but his pulse had a recovering beat in it, his skin was moist and cool, his thirst was gone, and everything betokened convalescence. While the doctor stood puzzled about a disease which had such healthy symptoms, he was alarmed by West assuring him that he saw the figures of several friends passing at that moment across the roof. Conceiving these to be the professional visions of a raving artist, he prescribed a draught which would have brought sleep to all the eyes of Argus and departed. As he went, up rose West, and discovered that all those visitations came through a knot-hole in the shutters, which threw into the darkened room whatever forms were passing along the street at the time. He called in his sister, showed her the apparitions gliding along the ceiling, then laid his hand on the aperture and all vanished. On recovering he made various experiments, which he communicated to a painter of the name of Williams, who found it to be what Butler calls " a new-found old invention." He produced a London Camera obscura, and West contented himself with the praise due to collateral ingenuity.-Lives of British Painters.

PENNY is derived by Camden from pecunia, but others suppose that the word is derived from pendo, to weigh, and the word has been sometimes written according to this origin, pending. The ancient English penny, or penig, or pening, was the first silver coin struck in England, and the only one current among our Saxon ancestors. Until the time of Edward the First, the penny was struck with a cross so deeply indented in it, that it might be easily broken and parted into two pieces, thence called half-pennies, or coined it without indenture, in lieu of which he first into four, called fourthings, or farthings; but that prince struck round half-pence and farthings.-Philosophy in Sport.

SAGO-PALMIST.-Of all the palm-trees which are natives of Asia, the Sago-palmist is one of the most useful and interesting; a liquor runs from incisions made in its trunk, which readily ferments, and is both salutary and agreeable for drinking. The marrow, or pith, of the tree, after undergoing a slight preparation, is the substance known by the name of sago in Europe, and so eminently useful in the list of nutritious food for the sick. The trunk and large leaves of the sago-palmist are a powerful resource in the construction of buildings; the first furnishes planks for the carpenter, and the second a covering for the roof. From the leaves are also made cord, matting, and other articles of domestic use.-Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle.

ON SOME ROMAN REMAINS. How profitless the relics that we cull,

Troubling the last holds of ambitious Rome,
Unless they chasten fancies that presume
Too high, or idle agitations lull!

Of the world's flatteries if the brain be full
To have no seat for thought were better doom,
Like this old helmet, or the eyeless skull

Of him who gloried in this nodding plume. Heaven out of view, our wishes what are they? Our fond regrets insatiate in their grasp? The Sage's theory? the Poet's lay?

Mere Fibula without a robe to clasp; Obsolete Lamps, whose light no time recalls, Urns without ashes, tearless Lacrymals.

WORDSWORTH.

JOHN W. PARKER, PUBLISHER, WEST STRAND, LONDON,

THORNTON Abbey, near the banks of the Humber, was one of four monastic houses, founded by William le Gros, Earl of Albemarle, and Lord Holderness. The other three were that called Vandey, at Bitham, in Lincolnshire, founded in 1189, of the Cistercian order; that of Melsa, or Meaux, in 1150, near the Humber, on the Yorkshire side, also Cistercian; and that of St. Martin d'Acy, of the Cluniac order, founded in 1115, near his Norman town of Albemarle, or Aumale, in the diocese of Rouen. This of Thornton was founded in 1139, and was of the Augustinian order. The early annals of Thornton furnish the particulars of its foundation and the succession of its abbots, and state that the earl founded it on the feast of St. Hilary, (January 13th,) and that on the same day in the following year it was constituted a priory; for Waltheof, Prior of Kirkham, in Yorkshire, the venerable kinsman of the earl, did on that day arrive at Thornton, bringing with him a convent of twelve canons from Kirkham, one of whom, named Richard, he appointed prior. Eight years afterwards, the same Richard was made abbot by a bull of Pope Eugenius the Third. Earl William le Gros died about the year 1180, and is supposed to have been interred within the walls of Thornton Abbey.

The community at Thornton afterwards became very opulent; their possessions were confirmed by King Richard the First, in the first year of his reign, as was also a grant from Pope Celestine the Third, exempting its inhabitants from the payment of a certain tithe of cattle. The advowson to the abbey, together with all VOL. XXV.

the lands and possessions of the Earl of Albemarle, escheated to Edward the First; and being thus annexed to the Crown, Edward the Third, by the advice of his prelates and barons in parliament, granted that the abbot should not be obliged to attorn to any, but should hold the possessions immediately from the Crown, as they were originally given by the founder.

In the year 1541 Henry the Eighth, his Queen, and attendants, crossed the Humber from Hull to Barrow, and visited this abbey. The abbot and monks came out in solemn procession to receive the royal guests, and during their stay at Thornton, which lasted several days, they entertained them with great magnificence. At the dissolution of monasteries, which happened not long after, Henry appears to have recollected the flattering attentions he received at Thornton; for though he suppressed the abbey, he reserved the greater part of the lands to endow a college, which he erected in its room, for a dean and prebendaries, to the Holy and Undivided Trinity. This was a large establishment, for after its dissolution, in the sixth year of Edward the Sixth, it is stated that nineteen members received pensions. At that time it was granted, in exchange, to the Bishop of Lincoln.

The ruins of the monastic buildings at Thornton are not very extensive, but are sufficient to prove that the. Abbey must once have been a magnificent building. There is a stately and majestic gatehouse standing entire, "in size and appointments a very castle," and altogether the ruins possess peculiar interest from being

800

those of a fortified monastery. Situated near the estuary of the Humber, and exposed to the hostile attacks with which this part of the coast was often visited, Thornton Abbey united the military with the religious character in its establishment; and if we could now be made acquainted with its early annals, we should doubtless read of many a stout battle fought by the defenders of this venerable pile. Originally the inclosure consisted of an extensive quadrangle, nearly approaching to a square, surrounded by a deep ditch and high ramparts. The gate-house formed the western, and perhaps the only entrance, and was in itself a fortress of no mean proportions. A broad ditch flowed in front, and, the entrance road, crossing it, was bounded on each side by walls projecting obliquely from the gateway, and terminating in two round towers, between which there was formerly a drawbridge. In each wall are fourteen niches provided with loop-holes; the front of the tower is also thickly studded with loop-holes, formerly, no doubt, on many occasions, well manned with archers. There is no window in the front of this building, but the deficiency in this respect is well compensated by beautiful niches with statues, and ornamental sculpture. These combined with six embattled turrets, form a very elegant façade. Three of the statues still remain, being those of the Virgin, John the Baptist, and some mitred saint.

Immediately over the entrance arch is a parapet four feet broad, upon which a small doorway opens, leading from the little cell of the porter or watchman. There is a groove for an immense portcullis, and part of the great wooden doors are still pendant on their massy hinges. The roof of the archway is finely groined, and the ribs are supported by elegant brackets, enriched with flowers and figures. The materials employed in the construction of this building consist of a mixture of brick, freestone, and cauk. The plain surface on the outside is chiefly brick; most of the turrets, arches, battlements, canopies, figures, mouldings, and ornaments are cut in freestone; the internal walls are chiefly of a soft cauk, found in the neighbourhood. Over the gateway are two rooms, and four handsome hexagonal towers form the four angles. A winding staircase opens into a spacious apartment, generally called the refectory; but with greater reason, supposed to have been the guest hall, perhaps the identical apartment in which Henry the Eighth, and Queen Katherine Howard, were entertained in 1541. Mr. Greenwood describes this room as measuring forty-seven feet, by nearly twenty-eight feet, with a fine place at each end, that at the upper end being of unusual breadth. This room receives light from the rear and the side of the building, there being, as already stated, no windows in front. On the east of the guest hall is a small room, with a beautiful oval window, exhibiting the remains of masterly masonry. On the south side of this is a piscina, and on each side of the window are two recesses. This room is separated from the principal apartment by a depressed pointed arch. "Another room has evidently existed above: three very large corbel figures, that have originally supported the middle beams, still remain; their distorted features bespeak the heavy burden they were wont to support; the waggish sculptor has endeavoured to alleviate one, by ingeniously placing a cushion upon his shoulders." Round these rooms were corridors, or passages, for the bowmen to all the turrets on both fronts.

To the east of the gateway, at a little distance, are the remains of the Abbey Church, which seems formerly to have been a considerable pile of building. United to the south transept of the church was the chapter-house, an octagonal building, part of which is still standing. Its sides measure exactly eighteen feet, consequently its diameter was about forty-four. From the remains of one of its ponderous buttresses, Mr. Greenwood thinks it probable that the roof was supported without a central

pillar. The entrance was from the south-west, and appears to have communicated with the cloisters. Four of the sides were in all probability completely closed, and the other four admitted the light. This building was highly decorated, having round it, under its handsome windows, an arcade, consisting of pointed arches with cinquefoil heads, and in the centre of each an ornamented trefoil pendant drop. Adjoining the entrance to the chapter-house is an arched room, with pointed recesses for seats, like the stalls in our cathedral choirs. This apartment seems to have had no other entrance than one from the cloisters, and has been supposed to be a secret council chamber. The chapterhouses and other council rooms of the ecclesiastics of those days, too often recall to mind the tyrannical laws, and dreadful punishments, resulting from priestly domination. In taking down a wall in the ruins of the abbey of Thornton, a human skeleton was found, with a table, a book, and a candlestick. The skeleton was supposed to have been that of the fourteenth abbot, who for some crime was sentenced to that most horrible of punishments, the being immured, or built up, in the wall of the edifice, there to suffer the agonies of being buried alive.

The site of the Abbey Church was some years ago explored by the proprietor, Lord Yarborough, and the investigation opened to view a great number of gravestones, which were evidently not displaced when the edifice fell on them, and have been only broken and defaced by the fallen materials. Among these the gravestone of one of the abbots has been discovered, but it is much broken, and is unfortunately deficient at the place where the name stood, but the date which occurs on this stone being 1439, gives some clue to the individual. The name of this abbot is not, however, given in the list of the abbots of Thornton, but John Hoton is stated to have succeeded to the dignity in 1439.

In the south of the ruins of the church is a building now occupied as a farm-house, which is generally spoken of as the abbot's lodge, and considered to be the remains of the edifice so called; but it appears like a comparatively modern cottage, and was most likely built with the old materials of the original lodge. A residence of the abbots undoubtedly occupied this site, and the estate afterwards became the seat of Edward Skinner, Esq., who married Ann, daughter of Sir William Wentworth, brother to the unfortunate Earl of Strafford. The estate was purchased from one of the Skinner family by Sir Richard Sutton, Bart., in whose family it continued several years. It is now in the possession of Lord Yarborough. The arms of Mortimer, in three shields, having between the two uppermost a pastoral staff, are said to have been the arms of the abbey. This indicates that the site once belonged to that family, and it is thought likely that the founder might become possessed of the estate by his marriage with the daughter of Roger, earl of Mortimer.

The village of Thornton-Curtis, about a mile eastward from the abbey, also once formed part of the possessions of William, earl of Albemarle. The manorial estates afterwards came into the possession of Henry Percy, first earl of Northumberland, who was slain in an engagement with the forces of Henry the Fourth on Bramham Moor, in February, 1407-8. He was succeeded in this estate by Henry, the second earl, who, on the breaking out of the civil wars between the houses of York and Lancaster, adhered to the interest of the latter, and was slain in May, 1455, in an engagement at St. Albans. The manor, which comprises the whole parish, except the site and possessions of the monastery, is, or was, a few years ago, the property of Charles Winn, esq.

The church of Thornton is a neat structure of the early English architecture, consisting of a nave with aisles, a chancel, and a tower. The church is dedicated to St. Lawrence. The living is a vicarage, valued in the King's books at 57. 18s. 4d. There is a curious old font