Journalistic Ethics: Moral Responsibility in the Media

Portada
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007 - 300 páginas
Preface p. xiii Introduction: What Journalists Do p. 1 News Information p. 1 Moral Rights and Responsibilities p. 3 Moral Problems for Journalistic Ethics p. 6 Criteria of Professional Ethics p. 9 Chapter 1 Truth Telling in the Public Interest p. 12 Truth and its Consequences p. 12 Deliberate and Inadvertent Falsehoods p. 13 Case Study 1 Newsweek and the Holy Koran at Guantanamo Bay p. 14 Case Study 2 Staged Incidents in Dateline NBC Investigative Reporting p. 17 Fundamental Principle of Journalistic Ethics p. 19 Truth Telling Journalistic Imperatives p. 19 Truth as Correspondence with Facts p. 21 Practical Truth Criteria and Cross-Checking News Contents p. 23 Plagiarism p. 24 Moral Integrity and Journalism's Raison D'etre p. 26 Case Study 3 Jayson Blair at the New York Times p. 27 Relevance and the Concept of Relevant Truth p. 29 Chapter 2 Journalistic Rights and Responsibilities p. 36 Rights and Responsibilities p. 36 Legal and Moral Rights p. 36 Case Study 4 Right to Publish and Responsibility for News Content p. 38 Consequences for Abusing Rights p. 40 Case Study 5 Role of News Reporters as Responsible Citizens in Criminal Investigations p. 43 Relation of Rights and Responsibilities p. 45 Origin of Journalistic Rights p. 48 Case Study 6 Journalistic Responsibility Versus Detachment p. 52 Chapter 3 Moral Ideals and Workaday Journalistic Realities p. 56 Moral Ideals p. 56 Conflicts of Moral Ideals and Marketplace Realities p. 57 Case Study 7 The Jessica Lynch Incident p. 61 Two Sides of Professional Journalism p. 64 The Midas Touch of Television News p. 65 Pros and Cons of the Mass Media Age p. 66 Case Study 8 Warehouse Fire and Homeless Shelter Closing p. 67 Case Study 9 Governmental Pressures on Journalism in Mexico p. 71 Commercialism in the News p. 73 Making a Profit in Journalism p. 75 Increasing Income from News Reporting p. 76 Conflicts with Advertisers over News Content p. 77 Moral Choices in Reactions to Advertiser Pressure p. 78 Moral Obligations for Journalists to Remain Profitable p. 79 Interest Group Influence on News Reporting p. 80 Call for Journalists to Stand Firm Against Financial Intimidation p. 81 Increasing Journalistic Profits by Reducing Costs p. 82 Weakness of Will and the Temptations of Financial Gain p. 84 Stealth Advertising p. 85 Case Study 10 Strangers Bearing Gifts p. 85 Moral Quandaries about "Hidden" Advertising p. 88 Product Placement in the News p. 90 Chapter 4 Freedom of the Press p. 95 Free Press Dilemmas p. 95 American Constitutional Protection of Journalistic Freedoms p. 98 Case Study 11 Thomas Jefferson on the Importance of a Free Press p. 101 Priority of a Free Press in the American Bill of Rights p. 102 Case Study 12 U.S. Supreme Court Decisions Concerning Freedom of the Press (Pentagon Papers, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Miami Herald) p. 106 Freedom's Debt to a Free Press and the Pursuit of Truth p. 109 Freedom of the Press as the Fourth Estate of a Liberal Democracy p. 112 Case Study 13 Freedom of the Press (or Abridgement Thereof) Worldwide (Second International World Press Freedom Ranking, October 2003) p. 115 Justification for a Free Press in a Free Society p. 118 Challenges to Sustaining a Free Press p. 119 Chapter 5 Censorship and Withholding Information for the Greater Good p. 126 Censorship and Journalism's Mandate p. 126 Historical and Philosophical Background p. 127 Censorship and Prioritized Journalistic Obligations p. 129 Moral Rationale for Journalistic Censorship p. 131 Case Study 14 Tomlinson's Efforts to Control Public Broadcasting p. 132 Three Principles for Controlling Censorship p. 134 Interdependence of a Free Society and a Free Press-Principle 1 p. 135 Obligation to Maximize Relevant Truth Telling-Principle 2 p. 136 Case Study 15 Censorship of the Press in Iraq p. 140 Distinguishing Morally Justified Censorship-Principle 3 p. 147 Voluntary and Involuntary Censorship p. 149 Case Study 16 "Censoring" Terrorists by Official Request in a Free Society p. 150 Chapter 6 Protection of Confidential Sources p. 155 Confidentiality p. 155 Privileged Sources of News Information p. 156 Moral and Prudential Reasoning p. 157 Legal Pressure Against Journalists to Reveal Sources p. 158 Standing Firm Against Coercion for a Free Press p. 159 Case Study 17 Journalistic Shield Law in American History p. 160 Shield Laws and Exceptions to Protection of Confidential Sources p. 162 Moral Complications in Observing Confidentiality p. 163 Case Study 18 Judith Miller and the CIA Leak p. 165 Guidelines for Appeals to Confidentiality p. 167 Internal Professional Oversight for Confidential Sources p. 171 Censorship and Disclosure of Privileged Sources p. 172 Case Study 19 Confidential Information about an Impending Medical Emergency p. 173 Balancing Protection of Sources and the Greater Public Good p. 174 Chapter 7 Journalistic Respect for Privacy p. 178 Privacy in a Public World p. 178 Constitutional Basis for the Right to Privacy p. 178 Moral Value and the Right to Privacy p. 179 Case Study 20 Magazine Publication of Private Celebrity Wedding Photographs p. 184 Journalistic Obligations to Respect Privacy p. 186 Investigative Journalism and the Right to Privacy p. 187 Voluntary Disclosure Versus Involuntarily Obtained Information p. 188 Slippery Slope Problems in Privacy Determinations p. 190 Case Study 21 Investigating the Private Lives of the Families of Public Officials p. 190 Choice of Public Life as a Disavowal of Privacy p. 192 Celebrityhood and Journalistic Violations of Privacy p. 195 Relinquishing Privacy by Acting in a Public Place p. 196 Case Study 22 Reporting on Suicide as a Cause of Death p. 200 Case Study 23 Paparazzi in the Princess Diana and Dodi Al Fayed Tragedy p. 204 Chapter 8 Objectivity, Perspective, and Bias p. 208 An Ideal of Objectivity p. 208 Noninvolvement in News Reporting p. 209 Case Study 24 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) on Terry Milewski p. 215 Embedding Journalists with the Military p. 216 Case Study 25 Pentagon Directive for "Embeds" in the Second Gulf (Iraq) War p. 217 Wartime Reportage p. 219 Control, Censorship, and Propaganda Potential for Embedding p. 222 Perspective and Orientation in News Reporting p. 226 Political and Other Forms of Personal Bias p. 227 Case Study 26 Allegations of Liberal Versus Conservative Bias in American Journalism p. 228 Interpretation by News Reporters and Consumers p. 231 Skepticism, Relativism, and Postmodern Disregard for Truth p. 232 Conjecture and Speculation in the News p. 235 Case Study 27 2000 American Presidential Election Coverage p. 236 Unscientific Polls and Unsubstantiated Opinions p. 238 Chapter 9 Editorial License and Obligations p. 244 Editorial Opinion p. 244 Case Study 28 Ethics of Editorializing in a Free Press p. 245 Distinguishing News from Commentary p. 247 Fact-Value Gap and the Naturalistic Fallacy p. 248 Inferential Version of the Naturalistic Fallacy p. 252 Is-Ought Gap and the Distinction Between News and Opinion p. 254 Case Study 29 National Conference of Editorial Writers Foundation (NCEW) p. 256 Editorial Opinion as News Perspective page.

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Contenido

WHAT JOURNALISTS DO
1
Chapter
12
Fundamental Principle of Journalistic Ethics
19
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