is destined to make the port one of the most famous breadstuff entreports of the Union. The whole of Wisconsin and Minnesota is tributary to it, and as these become further developed, the business of the city must naturally be increased. In 1845 its whole export of flour was only 7,550 barrels; in 1866 it exported 720,365 barrels, being nearly a hundred to every one twenty-two years ago. Its wheat trade has grown more rapidly: in 1845 the whole export was 95,510 bushels-in 1866, 11,634,749 bushels; and in 1862 it amounted to 14,915,680 bushels. The trade in other grains has moved disproportionately and irregularly, but, on the whole, is considerable.

In order to show the localities from which Milwaukee draws its principal supplies of flour and grain, and what disposition is made of them, we give the following table showing the receipts and exports for the year 1866:

Grand total.

824,763

13,629,794 1,925,019 796,142 393,558 167,798

The two following tables show the total movement of flour and grain for a series of nine years:

RECEIPTS OF FLOUR AND GRAIN 1858-1866.

The quantity of flour made at the city mills during each of the last eight years was as follows:

The following table shows the amount of flour and grain in store on the

1st of January, for eight years:

The beef and pork business of Milwaukee, though second to the flour and grain trade, is still important, and a distinguishing feature in the general trade of the city. The receipts of hogs for eight seasons, with the average and total weight dressed may be seen in the annexed statement:

The results of pork-packing in the city for the last four seasons was as

The number of cattle, calves, hogs and sheep slaughtered in the three years 1863-65, inclusive, according to the U. S. Assessors' return, was as

follows:

The receipts of cattle and general returns of beef packing for four years,

as given in the report of the Chamber of Commerce were as follows:

The returns for 1865 are defective, and as to the number of cattle slaughtered the Commercial, as compared with the Assessor's report is short by 2,628 head.

The total shipments of provisions from Milwaukee for the same years are shown in the following:

The following table shows the equivalent in barrels of pork and beef products exported in fifteen years:

The receipts and shipments of butter, wool and hides for seven years are shown in the annexed:

1859.

1860.

1861.

1862.

1863.

Butter, lbs--

-Wool, lbs

Hides

Received. Shipped. Received. Shipped.
545,658 504,574 492,259 713,552

Received Shipped.

889,025 814,360 485,714 669,375
484,358 637,706 732,706 1,000,225

1,068,967 1,238,406 1,149,772 1,314,210 128,168

85,409 32,941

69,743 17,991 32,042 852,596 986,826 1,355,379 110,849 21,807 1,386,317 1,749,755 1,957,601 1,993,372 144,334 44,961

1864

1865..

1,200,381 1,263,740 1,787,268 2,277,850 134,019 31,449

The receipts of hides includes hides taken off by city butchers and packers which numbered for the six years above given 12,873, 12,306, 17,876, 21,381, 26,471, and 18,925 respectively. The difference between the receipts and shipments gives the number of hides tanned or on hand at the end of the year. The shipments of leather in 1864 was 8,726 rolls, and in 1865, 8,993 rolls.

The Lumber Trade of Milwaukee is extensive, but by no means as large and regular as it otherwise would become had the city more direct communication with the consuming regions of Illinois and Iowa. Such a

communication, however, is about to be made in the construction of a railroad from the city to a junction with the Western Union Railroad, which traverses Northern Illinois to the Mississippi iver, and it is estimated by those qualified to judge that this will increase the trade a hundred per cent within a year after its completion. The following table shows the receipts for ten years:

The falling off in the lumber trade since 1856 and 1857, in which years it received its highest development, has been owing to the completion of the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad to the lumber region. By this line the lumber formerly carried into Milwaukee, and thence by water into Chicago, is now carried directly to the latter port.

The principal receipts of Eastern merchandise by lake and the Detroit and Milwaukee Railway steamers for these years are shown in the following statement:

The total amount of Eastern merchandise, exclusive of coal, railroad iron and plaster, received in 1865, was 50,444 tons, of which 36,390 tons arrived by lake and 14,054 tons by the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad. A very considerable amount was also received by the Chicago and Milwaukee Railroad, of which no account is recorded.

From the records of the Custom House it appears that the total value of articles imported directly from foreign countries in 1865 was $160,806, and the value of produce exported to foreign countries, mostly Canada, $2,129,988. In 1864 the imports were only $16,628, but the exports amounted to $3,778,820. Among the exports in 1865 were: flour 155,521 bbls., wheat 1,355,899 bushs., pork 2,034 bbls., and 27,450 lbs., &c.

The total number of arrivals at the Milwaukee Custom House in 1865 was 3,099 vessels, and 1,359,962 tons. The number of departures was 3,085 and 1,358,819 tons. The arrivals and departures in 1865, and the three previous years were as follows:

Besides the articles of commerce named in the above statements there are a number of others which enter into the trade of Milwaukee, the products of Wisconsin or the manufactures of the city itself. Among the former are the lead of Southern and the iron of Northern Wisconsin, the ales and beer of the city, and the high wines. The receipts of lead in 1865 were 4,636 pigs, or 348,000 lbs. and of pig-iron 1,785 tons. The total of high wines made in the city was 3,046 barrels, and of beer and ale 58,666 barrels. There are probably a greater number of breweries in Milwaukee than in any other Western city, and the famous Milwaukee lager is a favorite beverage far and near. These breweries are also among the largest in the country.

SUPPLY OF COAL AND OTHER FUELS IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.*

An important question has commanded attention on both sides of the Atlantic, but chiefly in Great Britain, as to the yield of the coal fields at present known, and whether it will long suffice for the growing demand? It has been asserted that at no very distant day the coal mines of the United Kingdom will fail to supply fuel enough for the constantly increas ing requirements of local consumers and exporters; and the allegation is met by another, coming from Mr. Hussey Vivian, to the effect that, at the present rate of consumption, the collieries of the British Islands will yet last for a period of 500 years. Another theory is that at the present rate of production-say 100,000,000 tons per annum-exhaustion will follow in 300 years; and still another estimate places the limit at 212 years. As the fuel question is one of considerable interest, it has been thought worth while to collect some information bearing upon it, and present it here in a concise form, with the premise that this is not the place to discuss differences in statements, nor to try to reconcile discrepancies.

COAL FIELDS OF THE WORLD.

The following table (abridged from Daddow & Bannan's volume, entitled, 'Coal, Iron, and Oil,") affords a very comprehensive view of the extent of the coal fields in Europe and America. Exceedingly little indeed is known of the other coal formations of the world; it is quite probable, however, that vast coal regions exist in Brazil, Africa, Hindostan and China;

* Prepared by Wm. J. Patterson, Secretary of the Montreal Board of Trade.