regard also the needs of an oppressed people? And what shall we answer to another demand of honor and wise statesmanship-that we shall not shirk, now that the responsibility confronts us in the Philippines, a share of the burden of opening and keeping open the avenues of oriental trade? All European nations but England would close against us every avenue and every approach. England stands alone in making and keeping open ports. She does this magnanimous work alone. She now hopes that with the opportunity forcing itself upon us we will help-for our own sake, for her sake, and for the sake of mankind. We shall need open ports as much as England does, and we shall profit by them even more. Shall we accept all that England does and do nothing ourselves? Could we do that sort of thing and be a really great people?

The

On our own account we need a reasonable foreign territorial equipment for convenience in that larger mingling of our nation with the nations of the world, which I am happy to believe is to be an important element of a great national life, and in holding in international life the distinguished place to which her power, her ideas, and her responsibilities entitle her. great concerns, the great issues of international life, cannot spare either her power, her character, or her example. But it is not war that calls America into the arena of the world. It is peace. It is not conquest, but co-operation. Her interest lies in civilization, not in chaos. She will be wherever she goes what she is at home, the exemplar of free government, the hope of social progress, and the powerful friend of the oppressed.

I covet for my country her rightful position among the nations. I covet for America and the American name the rightful respect of all the world. I want the world to understand our power, but I want it also to understand our character. That the power and

the character will go hand in hand let no man doubt; and it is our splendid privilege to know that, however our national horizon may expand, it will never outgrow the developments of our democracy, the increase of our love of peace, and our expanding fidelity to the ideals of human progress.

GEORGE R. PECK

THE YEAR OF JUBILEE

[Delivered at the Peace Jubilee, Chicago, October 19, 1898.]

FELLOW-CITIZENS, this great assemblage of American citizens is profoundly significant of the feeling which pervades American hearts, here and everywhere. It means something more than the mere pride of conquest, for beneath the glorious exultation of victory is the deeper joy that with it has come, or is coming, a just, honorable and, therefore, a glorious peace. The triumphal arches that span our streets, the flags blending their colors in pictures of infinite beauty, are more eloquent than words to tell us that we live in heroic days.

What lessons have come to us in the brief space that separates us to-day from the spring months of this eventful year! We have learned that our own kindred can be trusted to keep unsullied their heritage from our fathers. We have learned that courage and faith can still lead men up slippery heights, if only their country's flag and their country's honor go with them. We have learned that under a tropic sun, fighting against all the elements that make up the unspeakable savagery of war in the jungle, American valor still rests serenely upon its own undaunted heart. We have learned that the American soldier, regular and volunteer-white or black-is worthy of the uniform he wears, and of the cause that was given into his keeping.

We have heard and all the world has heard how Dewey saluted the morning in the far-off Orient, and lighted up the hazy waters of Manila with such a sunrise as they had never seen before. We have known a Fourth of July made more glorious by the tidings that came, telling us how Sampson and Schley and Clark and Evans and Philip and Wainwright and the brave sailors behind the guns and on the decks and down where the furnace-fires were fiercely burning, fell upon the leviathans of Spain and sent them to their doom almost in the twinkling of an eye. The army and the navy, two arms of that mighty giant, the American nation, have in equal measure struck unceasingly for the honor of their country and for the cause of a common humanity, which in its highest sense means universal justice.

Six months ago we welcomed war in the thoughtful, solemn spirit which befits an appeal to the sword. Today we welcome peace and all its blessings. We have given good lives for it, and every life makes it more precious. Victory has come to us in fullest measure. We have won ships and cannon, and forts and arsenals. Cities have opened their gates, and islands in both hemispheres have welcomed the arms and the institutions of freedom. But the greatest prize we have won, in its consequences to us as a people, is the supreme victory which North and South have won over each other. Long ago all sensible and patriotic people in both sections knew that the hour had come. To-day we hail it in the assured faith that, henceforth, we march together to the same music, under the same flag and to the same destiny. Verily, this is the year of jubilee.

[Extracts from a speech delivered at the Peace Jubilee, Atlanta, Ga., December 15, 1898.]

I.

THE NEW UNION

A STRANGER from another land, witnessing this brilliant festival, might well inquire, "Do you celebrate victory or peace?" The prompt, emphatic answer would be, "Both." One preceded the other but a little, as the flush of dawn heralds the full brightness of the day, but both are ours, and nobly won. In all these joyous observances we are under an influence which is not mere exultation, but what Matthew Arnold might have called a sweet reasonableness. The nation, looking into its own heart, weighing its own motives, subjecting itself to a rigorous introspection, is content. The task it assumed when the year was young has been finished, though the year is not yet ended. Why should we not rejoice? Human nature must needs have some channel in which its currents may flow. Here we bring memories and hopes; here we recall the high ideals which led us through the summer days, and here a new nation finds a fitting shrine.

This is Atlanta, that fated citadel which once guarded the gate-way of the South; Atlanta, the marvellous child of faith and enterprise, reading with clear eyes the destiny that waits on opportunity; Atlanta, “ the expectancy and rose of the fair State." To you war is something more than an artist's sketch. Its argument has held you in its grasp; its sorrows have entered your hearts and homes and left them desolate. Yonder is Peach Tree, where Hood, great in misfortune and superb in defeat, led his heroic columns, like another Ney, in an onset which was the more glorious