navy is the beginning also of a new era in our merchant marine, in maritime construction, and hence in maritime transportation, the American bottom carrying the American flag again on all the oceans of the globe.

I do not forget that the present glory of the navy is only a part of the splendid work of the Government, which has been equally progressive in other branches of the public service. Think for a moment what has been done in the last few years. The troublesome questions of the currency and the tariff are to-day no cause for anxiety, so healthy and efficient is the bodypolitic in both these respects. The national credit is as solid as a rock; the nation's dollar is good and abundant; the treasury is full, and even the great Pacific railroad obligations, which have been the despair of previous years, have all been collected and paid in. Labor is in demand and wages are high.

Our foreign commerce is carrying in a swollen tɔrrent the products of our industry the world over. You can hardly point to any great interest of the courtry that is not as you would have it; you can hardly think of any great principle which you deem vital in government that is not enforced. What more do you want? In the war with Spain our fleet was ordered to Manila because there was there a Spanish fleet, and every nilitary interest demanded its capture or destruction. When that was done every military interest required not that our fleet be withdrawn, but that our hand upon the enemy's throat should there remain until his surrender. When that surrender came, and with it the transfer of the sovereignty of those islands from Spain to the United States, every consideration demarded that the President should hold them up, not toss them into the caldron of anarchy, and when violence began, should restore order, yet stretching out always in his hands the tender and opportunity for peace and beneficent government until Congress in its wisdom stall

determine what their future status shall be. What more or what less could he do and do his duty?

Yes, my friends, the navy is, as the army is, as the school is, as the workshop is, as the counting-room is, as the college is the navy is the State. You are the navy, you are the army, you are the State, for you are the citizen. On you each are the responsibilities of your country, on you are its great duties. Awake to your high call! Do not fret, do not whine, do not fear to take up the responsibilities and to discharge the duties. Put your shoulder to the wheel, put your cheer into the heart of the man who is at your front. Be a part of the great progress and beneficence of the United States.

WILLIAM MCKINLEY

DUTY DETERMINES DESTINY

[Delivered at the Peace Jubilee, Chicago, October 19, 1898.]

THIS war has put upon the nation grave responsibilities. Their extent was not anticipated, and could not have been well foreseen. We cannot escape the obligations of victory. We cannot avoid the serious questions which have been brought home to us by the achievements of our arms on land and sea. We are bound in conscience to keep and perform the covenants which the war has sacredly sealed with mankind. Accepting war for humanity's sake, we must accept all obligations which the war in duty and honor imposed upon us. The splendid victories we have achieved would be our eternal shame and not our everlasting glory if they led to the weakening of our original lofty purpose or to the desertion of the immortal principles on which the national Government was founded and in accordance with whose ennobling spirit it has ever since been faithfully administered.

The war with Spain was undertaken, not that the United States should increase its territory, but that oppression at our very doors should be stopped. This noble sentiment must continue to animate us, and we must give to the world the full demonstration of the sincerity of our purpose. Duty determines destiny. Destiny which results from duty performed may bring anxiety and perils, but never failure and dishonor. Pursuing duty may not always lead by smooth paths.

Another course may look easier and more attractive, but pursuing duty for duty's sake is always sure and safe and honorable.

It is not within the power of man to foretell the future and to solve unerringly its mighty problems. Almighty God has His plans and methods for human progress, and not infrequently they are shrouded for the time being in impenetrable mystery. Looking backward we can see how the hand of destiny builded for us and assigned us tasks whose full meaning was not apprehended even by the wisest statesmen of their times.

Our colonial ancestors did not enter upon their war originally for independence. Abraham Lincoln did not start out to free the slaves, but to save the Union. The war with Spain was not of our seeking, and some of its consequences may not be to our liking. Our vision is often defective. Short-sightedness is a common malady, but the closer we get to things or they get to us the clearer our view and the less obscure our duty. Patriotism must be faithful as well as fervent; statesmanship must be wise as well as fearless-not the statesmanship which will command the applause of the hour, but the judgment of posterity.

The progress of a nation can alone prevent degeneration. There must be new life and purpose, or there will be weakness and decay. There must be broadening of thought as well as broadening of trade. Territorial expansion is not alone and always necessary to national advancement. There must be a constant movement toward a higher and nobler civilizátion, a civilization that shall make its conquests without resort to war, and achieve its greatest victories pursuing the arts of peace.

[Extracts from a speech delivered at the Peace Jubilee, Atlanta, Ga., December 15, 1898.]

I.

A NATION INDIVISIBLE FOREVER

I CANNOT withhold from these people my profound thanks for their hearty reception and the good-will which they have shown me everywhere and in every way since I have been their guest. I thank them for the opportunity which this occasion gives me of meeting and greeting them and for the pleasure it affords me to participate with them in honoring the army and navy, to whose achievements we are indebted for one of the most brilliant chapters of American history.

Under hostile fire on a foreign soil, fighting in a common cause, the memory of old disagreements has faded into history. From camp and campaign there comes the magic healing which has closed ancient wounds and effaced their scars. For this result every American patriot will forever rejoice. It is no small indemnity for the cost of war.

This Government has proved itself invincible in the recent war and out of it has come a nation which will remain indivisible forevermore. No worthier contributions have been made in patriotism and in men than by the people of these Southern States. When at last the opportunity came they were eager to meet it and with promptness responded to the call of the country. Intrusted with the able leadership of men dear to them, who had marched with their fathers under another flag, now fighting under the old flag again, they have gloriously helped to defend its spotless folds and added new lustre to its shining stars.

That flag has been planted in two hemispheres, and